句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、句子成份與基本句型英語入門基礎(chǔ)第1頁什么是句子？句子是由詞按照一定語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成，是能表示一個完整概念語言單位句子第一個字母必須大寫，結(jié)尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !第2頁當(dāng)代漢語里普通句子成份有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語基本成份有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語（complement）。 句子包含哪些成份？第3頁主語：主語是在句子中

2、說明全句中心主題部分普通由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞或從句充當(dāng)它位置普通在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.主語第4頁謂語：謂語說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣，由簡單動詞或者動詞短語組成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.第5頁表語：表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動

3、名詞，短語，或者從句充當(dāng)表語位于系動詞后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.第6頁賓語賓語是動作，行為對象，由名詞，代詞，短語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當(dāng)它和及物動詞一起說明主語做了什么，在謂語之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.第7頁賓語補(bǔ)足語：

4、位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明成份。能夠用作賓語補(bǔ)足語有名詞，形容詞，不定式，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語等。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.賓語補(bǔ)足語第8頁狀語狀語用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)生時間，地點(diǎn)，目標(biāo)，方式，程度普通由副詞，介詞短語，不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞詞或短語充當(dāng)，也可由從句來充當(dāng)H

5、e did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.第9頁定語 修飾名詞或代詞詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成份表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing country; America is a dev

6、eloped country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）第

7、10頁 句子成份特點(diǎn)和功效句子成份 特點(diǎn)和功效 例句主語謂語賓語表語1.是一個句子所敘述主體，普通位于句首。2.慣用名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞詞（動詞不定時或動名詞）、代詞、數(shù)詞和主語從句充當(dāng)。 They are students. The sun rises in the east. 太陽在東方升起。 To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。1. 說明主語動作、狀態(tài)和特征，普通放 在主語后面2. 慣用動詞或動詞詞組充當(dāng) We study English. He is asleep. You may go now.1. 是動作行為對象或承受者,放在及物動詞或介詞之后 (動賓&介賓）2. 慣

8、用名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞詞（動詞不定時或動名詞）、代詞和數(shù)詞充當(dāng) I like China. We study English. I play with him. 位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后,表示主語性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 They are students. He is asleep. 他睡著了。 To see is to believe. 第11頁 句子成份特點(diǎn)和功效句子成份 特點(diǎn)和功效 例句定語狀語 修飾限定名詞或代詞，說明該名詞或代詞狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、數(shù)量等。 用來修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞等，表示事情發(fā)生時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、程

9、度等等The little boy needs a blue pen.(形容詞) Two boys need two pens. （數(shù)詞） His name is Tom.（物主代詞） The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介詞短語） The boy sitting under the tree is Tom.（分詞短語） He runs quickly. 他跑地很快。 She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。 I will go there tomorrow.He works in this factory.第12頁英

10、語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)能夠歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）第13頁種類類型主語S謂語動詞v表語/賓語p賓語0賓補(bǔ)oc第1種S+V主謂Wework第種主謂賓He plays the violin.第種主系表We arestudents第種S+v+IO+DO主謂雙賓shegaveme a pen.第種S+V+O+OCHe mademelaugh第14頁 （不及物動詞）1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said

11、does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly此句型句子有一個共同特點(diǎn)，即句子謂語動詞都能表示完整意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面能夠跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。第15頁 （主謂賓）組成賓語代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them，us， her等 （及物動詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。3. He said Good morning. 他說：早上好！“4. I recognized h

12、im. 我認(rèn)出他了。此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都含有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生動作，但不能表示完整意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。第16頁（主謂間賓直賓） （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。2. I told him the story 我告訴他這個故事。有些及物動詞能夠有兩個賓語eg：give/pass/bring/show/buy/teach。這兩個賓語通常一個指人(間接賓語)；一個指物(直接賓語)。第17頁 （主系表） （是系動詞） 1.This is an En

13、glish-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐氣味很好。3. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不一樣了。4. His face turned red. 他臉紅了。第18頁系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等，表情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表改變。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作連系動詞：look well/面色好, sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel good

14、/感覺好，smell bad/難聞 第19頁S+V+O+C（主+動+賓+賓補(bǔ)） （及物） （賓語） （賓補(bǔ)）The war| made| him |a soldier.戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.New methods |make |the job| easy.新方法使這項工作變得輕松. I |often find| him |at work.我經(jīng)常發(fā)覺他在工作. I |saw |a cat |running across the road.我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.第20頁此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：動詞即使是及物動詞，不過只跟一個賓語還不能表示完整意思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成份來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。類

15、似動詞有call make find think keep see等等。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明成份。能夠用作賓語補(bǔ)足語有名詞，形容詞，不定式，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語等。第21頁劃分句子成份練習(xí)一 (一)指出以下句中主語中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework

16、without the teachers help is very difficult.第22頁(二) 選出句中謂語中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a mee

17、ting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 第23頁(三) 挑出以下句中賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in t

18、he school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.第24頁(四) 挑出以下句中表語 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.第25頁(五) 挑

19、出以下句中定語 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!第26頁 (六) 挑出以下句中賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her t