考研英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用部分訓(xùn)練試題及答案解析

1、考研英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用部分訓(xùn)練試題及答案解析英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用訓(xùn)練試題【一】Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” asfourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study,published f

2、rom the University of California and Yale University in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 uniquesubjects which _(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% m

3、ay seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As JamesFowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Mostpeople do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage toselect as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were somethingshared in fr

4、iends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity existsin smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the teamsuggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us inchoosing genetically similar friends_(

5、13)_”functional Kinship” ofbeing friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similargenes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this couldhelp_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, withsocial environment being a major_(17)_factor.The

6、findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriendthose of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all thesubjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care wastaken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken fromthe same population.1. A when B wh

7、y C how D what【答案】D what【解析】該題考查的是語法知識(shí)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，可以判斷出空格處應(yīng)填從屬連詞引導(dǎo)從句;再根據(jù)句子的內(nèi)容，可以看出該從句是一項(xiàng)研究的相關(guān)內(nèi)容(what)，不是指研究的時(shí)間(when)， 原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，該題的答案為what。2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised【答案】B concluded【解析】從此題所在的句子的前后內(nèi)容可以判斷出，that is_ 中的that是指第一句話的內(nèi)容(朋友與我們基因上的相關(guān)性)，很顯然是研究得出的結(jié)論。因此，答案為conclude

8、d。3. A for B with C on D by【答案】C on【解析】根據(jù)空格所在句子的內(nèi)容(研究對(duì)1932分獨(dú)特的受試者進(jìn)行分析)判斷出進(jìn)行分析的對(duì)象是1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on是固定表達(dá)。4. A compared B sought C separated D connected【答案】A compared【解析】該空格所在的句子是which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾study,意思是：對(duì)幾對(duì)基因不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行_。因?yàn)椤把芯俊钡膬?nèi)容是關(guān)于朋友間基因上的相關(guān)性問題，所以完整的意思應(yīng)該是：對(duì)幾對(duì)基因不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行比較。

9、所以最佳答案為compared。5. A tests B objects Csamples D examples【答案】C samples【解析】根據(jù)空格的前后內(nèi)容判斷，到第五個(gè)空為止，文章都在講實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，和實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，第五個(gè)空格所在句子的內(nèi)容是：相同的人們都用于實(shí)驗(yàn)中的這兩類_。所以根據(jù)上下文語境和內(nèi)容，應(yīng)該選與實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象相對(duì)應(yīng)的samples(樣例).因此，答案是samples。6. A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable Dincredible【答案】A insignificant【解析】空的語境為：盡管這1%看起來似乎_，但是遺傳學(xué)家可不這么認(rèn)

10、為?？涨昂笮纬蓪?duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，而從后文列舉的例子中可知遺傳學(xué)家James Fowler對(duì)這1%基因的態(tài)度是肯定的，故答案為A。7. A visit B miss C seek D know【答案】D know【解析】空的語境為：大多數(shù)人甚至不_他們隔三代的表親，但卻設(shè)法選擇那些_我們親戚的人作為朋友。填入的詞必須滿足前后句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入，只有D選項(xiàng)符合上下文語義。8. A resemble B influence C favor D surpass【答案】A resemble【解析】空的語境為：大多數(shù)人甚至不認(rèn)識(shí)他們隔三代的表親，但卻設(shè)法選擇那些_我們親戚的人作為朋友。根

11、據(jù)全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本題選擇A。9. A again B also C instead D thus【答案】B also【解析】空所在的句子開頭用“The study”,顯然這是對(duì)上文話題的繼續(xù)闡述，前文指出研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友與我們有1%的基因關(guān)系，而空所在句“thegenes for smell were something shared in friends”在進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)討論該話題，前后之間是順接關(guān)系，故答案為B。10. A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps【答案】D Perhaps【解析】從選項(xiàng)和文字中句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷，空格處

12、要求填入一個(gè)能夠體現(xiàn)前后兩個(gè)句子邏輯關(guān)系的副詞，空前的句子談到“為什么在嗅覺基因方面存在相似性還很難解釋”，空后卻緊接著對(duì)此得出一個(gè)相關(guān)結(jié)論，很明顯是矛盾的，所以此結(jié)論只能是一種不確定的推測(cè)，故答案為D。11. A about B to Cfrom Dlike【答案】B to【解析】該題為介詞選擇題。后半句出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)，可見是和前文形成比較關(guān)系，因此和上半句介詞保持一致，用介詞to。該句翻譯：它(這種相似性)吸引我們到相同的環(huán)境，并且使我們更為相似。因此答案為to。12. A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit【答案】A drive【解析】該句意思為：很多機(jī)制共同作

13、用，從而_我們選擇基因相似的朋友，_和_交朋友的“功能關(guān)系”。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處所填入動(dòng)詞需符合結(jié)構(gòu)_sb. in doing sth，B選項(xiàng)observe(觀察，遵守)和C選項(xiàng)confuse(困惑)均無此用法。符合該結(jié)構(gòu)只有A選項(xiàng)drive(驅(qū)使)和D選項(xiàng)limit(限制)。根據(jù)上下文可得知：這些機(jī)制驅(qū)使我們選擇基因相似的朋友，符合文章主題。如果選限制則為反向干擾。因此答案為drive。13. A according to B rather than C regardless of D alongwith【答案】B rather than【解析】所填詞為邏輯關(guān)系短語，空前說選擇基因相似的朋

14、友，空后說具有“實(shí)用關(guān)系”的朋友，可知前后為對(duì)立關(guān)系，并且根據(jù)文章主題，可知肯定前者而否定后者，可鎖定B選項(xiàng)rather than。A選項(xiàng)according to(根據(jù))沒有體現(xiàn)出對(duì)立及取舍關(guān)系，因此排除;C選項(xiàng)regardless of(不管)表讓步關(guān)系，干擾性較強(qiáng)，但文章更強(qiáng)調(diào)取前舍后，因此排除;D選項(xiàng)along with(伴隨)表順接，故排除。故答案為rather than。14. A chances Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits【答案】D benefits【解析】根據(jù)前文functional kinship(實(shí)用關(guān)系)可得出D選項(xiàng)benefits(利益)

15、，前后形成呼應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)chances(機(jī)會(huì))、B選項(xiàng)responses(反應(yīng))、C選項(xiàng)missions(使命)均不符合題意。故答案為benefits。15. A later Bslower C faster D earlier【答案】C faster【解析】該句為：evolving _ than other genes(比其他基因進(jìn)化得_). 根據(jù)同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，我們找到該段第二句話中：human evolution pickedpace in the last 30,000 years(人類進(jìn)化在過去30000年間提速)。C 選項(xiàng)faster與下文picked pace(加速)形成呼應(yīng)，故答案為f

16、aster。16. Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress【答案】C understand【解析】此題考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語意?？崭窈竺媸且粋€(gè)why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，意為“人類進(jìn)化在過去三萬年間得以加速的原因”，表示這一研究的結(jié)果和意義。能與這一賓語從句構(gòu)成搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)understand。A選項(xiàng)forecast“預(yù)測(cè)”與“過去三萬年”相矛盾，B選項(xiàng)remember“記住”和D選項(xiàng)“express”均不符合文意。17. A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable Ddisruptive【答案】B contrib

17、utory【解析】此空需要填入一個(gè)形容詞，表達(dá)社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)人類進(jìn)步所起到的作用。help，pick pace這兩個(gè)詞表達(dá)的都是積極的含義，因此此處需要填入一個(gè)帶有褒義的感情色彩的詞， 因此排除A選項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)的”和D選項(xiàng)“破壞性的”;B 而C選項(xiàng)“可控的”,與語意無關(guān);因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)contributory“促進(jìn)的”。18. A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency【答案】D tendency【解析】此處進(jìn)一步陳述這一研究的結(jié)論。A選項(xiàng)endeavor“努力”，B選項(xiàng)“決定”，C選項(xiàng)“安排”，D選項(xiàng)“傾向”。本文的主旨重在解釋人們?cè)诮慌笥训牟?/p>

18、自覺的一種傾向，而非通過人為的有意識(shí)的舉動(dòng)來選擇朋友。因此正確答案為D。19. A political B religious C ethnic D economic【答案】C ethnic【解析】結(jié)合文意，人們普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。C選項(xiàng)ethnic意為“種族的，民族的”，是對(duì)上文中多次重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的genes,以及下文的thesame population的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。因此正確答案為C。 A選項(xiàng)political“政治的”， B選項(xiàng)“宗教的”，D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”均不符合原文文意。20. A see B show C prove D tell【答案】A see【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞勢(shì)必要

19、看前后搭配。see that 構(gòu)成固定詞組，意為“務(wù)必使”，符合文意，即：即使所有的受訪者都擁有歐洲血統(tǒng)，(研究者們)仍然悉心確保所有的受訪者、朋友和陌生人都來自于同一群種。選項(xiàng)B“展示”,選項(xiàng)C“證明”，選項(xiàng)D“辨別”均無此含義，且不符合文意。英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用訓(xùn)練試題【二】Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a

20、spouse is a complex one for theyoung male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1 _those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can _2_alikely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to _3 _ the marriagenegotiations, or the young mans parents may make the choice o

21、f aspouse, giving the child little to say in the selection._4_ , a girlmay veto the spouse her parents have chosen. _5 _ a spouse has beenselected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child ismarrying _6_ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerlyit

22、 lasted three days, _7_ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a dayand a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _8_ prayers ofblessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, _9_cottonthreads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists,and _10_ a candle around a circ

23、le of happily married and respectedcouples to bless the _11_ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with thewifes parents and may _12_ with them up to a year, _13_they canbuild a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to _14_ ,but not common. Divorecedpersons are _15_with some disapproval. Each spous

24、e retains _16_property he or she _17_ into the marriage, and jointly-acquiredproperty is _18_ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a genderprejudice _19_ up: The divorced male doesnt have a waiting periodbefore he can remarry _20_ the woman must wait ten months.1. A by way of B on behalf of C

25、as well as D with regardto標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 C as well as考點(diǎn)分析 邏輯關(guān)系選項(xiàng)分析 因?yàn)榭疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系，所以需要我們先對(duì)填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格處身處大環(huán)境not onlybut also之中，這是一個(gè)明顯的并列關(guān)系，表示“不僅而且”，該空后面的those指代前文出現(xiàn)的“parentsand friends”，顯然“the young man”與“the young woman”為并列關(guān)系，表示“與他本人以及伴侶的父母朋友相關(guān)”，所以答案只能是C項(xiàng)as well as也，又。A項(xiàng)by way of 通過，D項(xiàng)with regard to 關(guān)于，B項(xiàng)on b

26、ehalfof 代表。2. A adapt to B provide for C compete with D decide on標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 D decide on考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義選項(xiàng)分析 根據(jù)該句的主語a young man與賓語a likely spouse的關(guān)系，答案只能是D項(xiàng)decide on“決定”，表示自己決定自己的配偶。B項(xiàng)provide for為提供準(zhǔn)備，provide為及物動(dòng)詞，直接跟賓語，不需要加介詞;C項(xiàng)compete with“與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，A項(xiàng)adapt to“適用”。3. A close B remew C arrange D postpone標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 C arran

27、ge考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及動(dòng)詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 該句意思為：他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母_婚姻談判。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A項(xiàng)close 關(guān)閉;B項(xiàng)renew 更新，恢復(fù);D項(xiàng)postpone 推遲;這三項(xiàng)語義不正確，只有C項(xiàng)arrange“安排”符合語境。4. A Above all B In theory C In time D For example標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 B In theory考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義選項(xiàng)分析 邏輯判斷題主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面說“他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排婚姻談判，或者完全由父母選擇對(duì)象，不給孩子選擇的機(jī)會(huì)?！笨崭窈竺嬲f“女方可以否決她父母所選擇的對(duì)象?！边@

28、兩句之間顯然是相反的關(guān)系，且有一個(gè)may，更證明B項(xiàng)In theory“理論上說”的正確性，而其他選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)Above all最重要的是，C項(xiàng)In time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，D項(xiàng)Forexample舉例，均不符合題意。5. A Although B Lest C After D Unless標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 C After考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義選項(xiàng)分析 根據(jù)下文“_a spouse has been selected, eachfamily investigates the other”可知，只有對(duì)象選擇好后，父母才會(huì)去調(diào)查對(duì)方，顯然表達(dá)的是時(shí)間先后順序，所以只有after才對(duì)。其他選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)Although 盡管，

29、 B項(xiàng)Lest 以免，唯恐，DUnless 除非，否則都不符合題意。6. A into B within C from D through標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 A into考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及介詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 這里主要是看marry與相關(guān)介詞的固定搭配及句意理解。這里marry into就是指“通過婚姻得到成為的一員”，而其他選項(xiàng)均沒有這層含義。7. A since B or C but D so標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 C but考點(diǎn)分析 邏輯關(guān)系選項(xiàng)分析 根據(jù)上文“以前婚禮會(huì)持續(xù)三天”，出處句子意為“到了20世紀(jì)80年代，婚禮只持續(xù)一天半”，顯然與前文發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，為對(duì)比關(guān)系，因此選擇C項(xiàng)but 但是。8. A cop

30、y B test C recite D create標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 C recite考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及動(dòng)詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 空格處需要填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，C項(xiàng)recite 有“吟誦、朗誦”的意思，與所給短語搭配最為合理，譯為“吟誦祝福的祈禱文”。9. A folding B piling C wrapping D tying標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 D tying考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及動(dòng)詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 本題需要根據(jù)上下文語義分析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉線”，縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng) 折疊，B項(xiàng) 堆積，C項(xiàng) 包裹，D項(xiàng) 系上，根據(jù)后文的“around the brides and

31、 grooms wrists 在新郎和新娘的腰間”，只有D項(xiàng)“將在圣水中浸過的棉線系在新郎和新娘的腰間”符合句意。10. A passing B lighting C hiding D serving標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 A passing考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及動(dòng)詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 原文空格需要填寫一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與后文“around a circle”來搭配，譯為“將蠟燭傳一圈”，故A項(xiàng)“傳遞”為正確選項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng) 點(diǎn)亮，C項(xiàng)隱藏，D項(xiàng) 服務(wù)。11. A meeting B collection C association D union標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 D union考點(diǎn)分析 名詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 本句語義為“將蠟燭繞著幸福完婚

32、和受人尊敬的夫妻傳遞一圈來祝福 ”，D項(xiàng) 結(jié)合，引申為“婚姻”之意;根據(jù)語境，D項(xiàng)正確。12. A grow B part C deal D live標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 D live考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及動(dòng)詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 本題比較簡(jiǎn)單。根據(jù)語義“根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，新婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父母_一年”，D項(xiàng)“生活”為最佳答案。C項(xiàng) 交易，B項(xiàng) 分開，A項(xiàng) 成長(zhǎng)。13. A whereas B until C if D for標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 B until考點(diǎn)分析 時(shí)間邏輯關(guān)系選項(xiàng)分析 本句意為“_他們?cè)诟浇ㄔ煲粭澬路孔印保珹項(xiàng) 然而，B項(xiàng) 直到，D項(xiàng)因?yàn)椋珻項(xiàng) 如果，結(jié)合前文“新婚夫婦根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)要和女方家人生活一年

33、”，前后存在一定的時(shí)間關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)“直到”最符合原文語境，搭配最為合理。14. A avoid B follow C challenge D obtain標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 D obtain考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及動(dòng)詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 Divorce is legal and relatively easy to _14_, butnot common. 該句句意為“離婚是合法的，且相對(duì)容易_。”A項(xiàng)avoid避免，B項(xiàng)follow跟隨，C項(xiàng)challenge挑戰(zhàn)，質(zhì)疑，D項(xiàng)obtain獲得，實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)egal”可知這里表達(dá)的是正面的意思，再根據(jù)句意選擇D項(xiàng)。15. A isolated B pers

34、uaded C viewed D exposed標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 C viewed考點(diǎn)分析 上下文語義及動(dòng)詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 Divorced persons are _15_ with some disapproval. 離婚的人 一些不認(rèn)可。本段第一句提到“離婚是合法的且相對(duì)容易得到批準(zhǔn)，但是不常見?！边@句其實(shí)是在說明離婚并不常見的原因，A項(xiàng)isolated孤立，B項(xiàng)persuaded勸說，C項(xiàng)viewed看待，D項(xiàng)exposed接觸，受到的影響，C項(xiàng)最符合句意。16. A whereever B whatever C whenever D however標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案 B whatever考點(diǎn)分析 關(guān)系代詞辨析選項(xiàng)分析 Each spouse