中考復習之介詞專題市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

1、定義分類介詞的賓語介詞的功能具體介紹 介詞第1頁介詞是一個“媒介”，是表示句中某一個詞或短語與另一個詞或短語關系詞。 在英語中介詞功效十分強大，介詞是虛詞，不能重讀，不能單獨作句子成份。介詞定義第2頁介詞 分類依據(jù)介詞形式分類：1.簡單介詞:由一個詞組成介詞。at in for near after before behind on by with2.合成介詞:由兩個詞合成在一起介詞。 inside outside nearby within onto into without 3.雙重介詞:由兩個簡單介詞重合在一起 組成介詞。from behind 從后面 until after 直到后 f

2、rom among 從中間第3頁4.短語介詞:由一個或幾個簡單介詞和一個或幾個其它詞類組合組成,在意義和作用上相對于一個簡單介詞。at the back of instead of in place of in front of thanks to in front of at the top of on the edge of at the bottom of在底部 on the point of 在時刻 owing to 因為 due to 因為5.動詞ing形式介詞:在英語中有一部分動詞ing形式具備介詞性質(zhì),在很多情況下,將他們視為介詞。Including 包含 considering

3、 考慮到 regarding 關于concerning 關于第4頁依據(jù)介詞意義分類 介詞種類 表示時間：at ,in ,on, before ,aftertill until 表示地點：at in on under by near between into 表示方向：at for from towards 表示所屬：Of with表示方式、方法：by in on through with 第5頁介詞賓語 介詞后面名詞或相當于名詞詞語叫做介詞賓語?？勺鹘樵~賓語詞語通常有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、從句、動詞-ing形式、含有疑問詞不定式等。1.I live near the city center,

4、 but I work far from that.(名詞，代詞)2.Four from ten leaves six.(數(shù)詞)3.We are going to talk about when well start off.(從句)4.Thanks very much for your coming.(動詞-ing)5.Could you give me some advice on how to improve my heath , Doctor?第6頁介詞功效介詞和介詞賓語一起組成介詞短語，在句子中作主語、表語、補足語、定語、狀語、插入語等。1.作主語 Between 6 and 7in

5、 the morning is a good time for reading.2.作表語 They are from Canada and I am from China.3.作補足語 When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. He is considered as the greatest leader in China.4.作定語 Have you got the answers to these questions?第7頁5.作狀語 Can you sing this song in English? (方式狀語) Because

6、 of the traffic , I was late for class.(原因狀語） I will see you at your office .(地點狀語) The final examinations take place in early June.(時間狀語)第8頁表示時間介詞：at，in，after，until，before，during第9頁at 多用于表示詳細鐘點時刻前： at 5 oclock at half past seven 還可用于固定搭中：at noon， at midnight，at night2. in表示一段時間，用于年、月、世紀、四季或泛指一天早晨、下

7、午、晚上E.G. in the twenty-first century，in July，in Spring in the morning 還可用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起，多長時間以后或多久以后”E.G. I will be go to college in 3 years. 3. on主要用在星期幾，詳細某一天或某一天早、中、晚或節(jié)日前 E.G. on July 1st，on Monday，on Sunday morning，on Charismas Day第10頁1. _November 25, 2. _ 6:30 _ the evening3. _ the 1940s4. _ my life_

8、the age of 5_the beginning of the class_ a hot summer eveningonatininatinPractice on / at / inaton on + 詳細日期 at + 詳細點鐘 in + 相對長時間：如：某月，季節(jié)，年，世紀，上下午第11頁1.My father returned at 10 oclock _ of June 15.(重慶) A. in the night B. by the night C. on the night D. at night2.My aunt arrived here _ a warm spring

9、morning. A. in B. at C. on D. by第12頁since從某時一直延續(xù)至今，后接時間點，主句用完成時He has lived here since 2010.from說明開始的時間,謂語可以用過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的某種時態(tài)From now on，I will learn English in the morning.for動作延續(xù)貫穿整個過程，后接時間段，主句用完成時I have studied English in Only for 2 years.第13頁1.He has been a teacher _ 10 years.2._ , Tom has studied

10、English.3.Jack and John have been away from Shanghai _ five years ago. forSince since 第14頁His father has been _ Australia _ 1998. A. to; in B. in; since C. to; from D. in; for第15頁表示以過去為起點的某一段時間之后，用于過去時They finished the work after 2 years.與時間點連用表示將來某個時間之后Ill call you after 7 oclock.after第16頁In 和 afte

11、r 區(qū)分In 與 after 都能夠表示“之后”，其區(qū)分以下：1.后跟一段時間?！癷n + 時間”一段表示從說話時間算起一段時間之后；“after + 一段時間”表示從過去一點時間或未來一點時間算起一段時間之后。 e.g. They will start working in half an hour. They will work after 10 am.2. 后跟一點時間。 after 可跟一點時間，而 in 不可e.g. after supper 晚飯后 after six oclock 6點后 after school 放學后 after graduation 畢業(yè)后第17頁1.I h

12、ear that he will be back _ two weeks time.A at B in C after D for2._ a month, he will be proud _ his son.A. In; with B. After; of C. In; of D. After; over3. Mr. Smith left _ London _ breakfast.A. to, in B. for, in C. to, after D. for, afterB C D 第18頁“by+時間點”表示“到以前為止”，假如by后跟一個過去時間點應用過去完成時E.G. We had

13、learnt 1000 English words by the end of last year.“during+時間段”與延續(xù)性動詞連用表示某期間動作。E.G. He lives with us during these years.第19頁until作介詞，后接詳細時刻句子動作連續(xù)到until所表示時間為止，謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞I cant fall into sleep until midnight.He will be working until 5 oclock.作連詞，后接時間狀語從句 需注意四個關鍵點第20頁關鍵點一若主語謂語是非連續(xù)性動詞（come/go/leave/begi

14、n/finish等）那么這個句子（主句）慣用否定式，表示某一動作到until所表示時間才發(fā)生。notuntil 意為“直到才.”E.G. She didnt go to bed until she finished her homework.關鍵點二若主句謂語是延續(xù)性動詞（work/live/stay/study/play/wait等）那么這個句子（主句）慣用必定式，表示動作一直延續(xù)到until所表示時間為止。until意為“直到為止”E.G. I listen to the radio until my father came back.關鍵點三若主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，主句也可用否定式，

15、表示某一動作到until所表示時間才發(fā)生。注意它與必定式區(qū)分：E.G. I didnt listen to the radio until my father came back.關鍵點四若until引導從句動作還未發(fā)生，習慣上也要用普通現(xiàn)在時。即：主句用普通未來時（或主句是祈使句），until引導時間狀語從句通慣用普通現(xiàn)在時。E.G. We wont go home until the rain stops. Dont leave until we come back.第21頁表示地點介詞：at，in，on，over，below，to，under，in front of，before第22頁

16、in表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某方位（屬于該范圍）Shandong is in the northeast of China.to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位（不屬于該范圍）Japan is to the east of China.on表示與某地的接壤或毗鄰關系Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.表示方位in，on，to第23頁 in , at , on, toHe will arrive _ a litlle bus stop _ Beijing.Shantou is _ the east of Guangdon.Guangxi is _ the north o

17、f Guangdong. America is _ the south of China.at in in on to in : A地包含B地 on : 兩地不包含，但連接 to : 兩地不包含，不連接 第24頁The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A. from; at B. of; to C. from; to D. of; on第25頁over在的正上方，表示垂直在上There is a bridge over the river.above在上方，屬于斜上方Raise your arms

18、 above your head.on在上面，表示兩物體接觸There is a book on the table.表示方位over，above，on第26頁at表示較小的地點at the bus stop at homein表示較大的地方in China in the worldon表示在一個平面上on the farm表示方位at，in，on第27頁in front of在之前（范圍外）There are some trees in front of the classroom.in the front of 在的前部（范圍內(nèi)）There are some desks in the fr

19、ont of the classroom.in front of 和 in the front of 注：before所表示位置關系和in front of 相同，表示“在前面” E.G. He sits before me.第28頁below在下方或位置低于The coat reaches below the knees.in the front of 在正下方（垂直在下）There are many bikes under the tree.below 和 under 第29頁be made常見結(jié)構(gòu) bemadein在某地制造：made in China of由制成，從成品上能看出原材料T

20、his kind of cloth is made of silk.from由制成，從成品上看不出原材料This wine is made from o被制成The wood is made into some tables.after仿照.制成up of由組成第30頁be used常見結(jié)構(gòu) beusedto=become used to習慣于,后接名詞、代詞或者動名詞 to被用來做，后接動詞原形The pen is used to write.for意義相當于be used to do, 但for后接動名詞形式。as被看成來使用by被使用used to過去經(jīng)常，后接動詞原

21、形第31頁 across 和 through: 經(jīng)過，穿過1. He swam _ the river.2. They walked_ the forest.3. The river goes _ the city and brings people water and food.4. He helped the little child walk _ the road. across: 指在物體表面穿過 through : 指在物體內(nèi)部穿過 across through through across 第32頁between 和 among ：在之間1.Whats the difference

22、 _ a sheep and a goat?A. from B. to C. between D. among2.We visited him _ his workplace _ the young trees. A. in; beside B. at; along C. at; among D. to; betweenKeep the secret between you and_ (I) me第33頁表示方式或伎倆介詞by, in, on, with用， 以方式第34頁The boy usually writes _ a red pen.I can write a letter _ English.He often goes to school