中考復(fù)習(xí)之介詞專(zhuān)題市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、定義分類(lèi)介詞的賓語(yǔ)介詞的功能具體介紹 介詞第1頁(yè)介詞是一個(gè)“媒介”，是表示句中某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)與另一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞。 在英語(yǔ)中介詞功效十分強(qiáng)大，介詞是虛詞，不能重讀，不能單獨(dú)作句子成份。介詞定義第2頁(yè)介詞 分類(lèi)依據(jù)介詞形式分類(lèi)：1.簡(jiǎn)單介詞:由一個(gè)詞組成介詞。at in for near after before behind on by with2.合成介詞:由兩個(gè)詞合成在一起介詞。 inside outside nearby within onto into without 3.雙重介詞:由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞重合在一起 組成介詞。from behind 從后面 until after 直到后 f

2、rom among 從中間第3頁(yè)4.短語(yǔ)介詞:由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)其它詞類(lèi)組合組成,在意義和作用上相對(duì)于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞。at the back of instead of in place of in front of thanks to in front of at the top of on the edge of at the bottom of在底部 on the point of 在時(shí)刻 owing to 因?yàn)?due to 因?yàn)?.動(dòng)詞ing形式介詞:在英語(yǔ)中有一部分動(dòng)詞ing形式具備介詞性質(zhì),在很多情況下,將他們視為介詞。Including 包含 considering

3、 考慮到 regarding 關(guān)于concerning 關(guān)于第4頁(yè)依據(jù)介詞意義分類(lèi) 介詞種類(lèi) 表示時(shí)間：at ,in ,on, before ,aftertill until 表示地點(diǎn)：at in on under by near between into 表示方向：at for from towards 表示所屬：Of with表示方式、方法：by in on through with 第5頁(yè)介詞賓語(yǔ) 介詞后面名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞詞語(yǔ)叫做介詞賓語(yǔ)?？勺鹘樵~賓語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)通常有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、從句、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、含有疑問(wèn)詞不定式等。1.I live near the city center,

4、 but I work far from that.(名詞，代詞)2.Four from ten leaves six.(數(shù)詞)3.We are going to talk about when well start off.(從句)4.Thanks very much for your coming.(動(dòng)詞-ing)5.Could you give me some advice on how to improve my heath , Doctor?第6頁(yè)介詞功效介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)一起組成介詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)等。1.作主語(yǔ) Between 6 and 7in

5、 the morning is a good time for reading.2.作表語(yǔ) They are from Canada and I am from China.3.作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. He is considered as the greatest leader in China.4.作定語(yǔ) Have you got the answers to these questions?第7頁(yè)5.作狀語(yǔ) Can you sing this song in English? (方式狀語(yǔ)) Because

6、 of the traffic , I was late for class.(原因狀語(yǔ)） I will see you at your office .(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) The final examinations take place in early June.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))第8頁(yè)表示時(shí)間介詞：at，in，after，until，before，during第9頁(yè)at 多用于表示詳細(xì)鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前： at 5 oclock at half past seven 還可用于固定搭中：at noon， at midnight，at night2. in表示一段時(shí)間，用于年、月、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指一天早晨、下

7、午、晚上E.G. in the twenty-first century，in July，in Spring in the morning 還可用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起，多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后或多久以后”E.G. I will be go to college in 3 years. 3. on主要用在星期幾，詳細(xì)某一天或某一天早、中、晚或節(jié)日前 E.G. on July 1st，on Monday，on Sunday morning，on Charismas Day第10頁(yè)1. _November 25, 2. _ 6:30 _ the evening3. _ the 1940s4. _ my life_

8、the age of 5_the beginning of the class_ a hot summer eveningonatininatinPractice on / at / inaton on + 詳細(xì)日期 at + 詳細(xì)點(diǎn)鐘 in + 相對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間：如：某月，季節(jié)，年，世紀(jì)，上下午第11頁(yè)1.My father returned at 10 oclock _ of June 15.(重慶) A. in the night B. by the night C. on the night D. at night2.My aunt arrived here _ a warm spring

9、morning. A. in B. at C. on D. by第12頁(yè)since從某時(shí)一直延續(xù)至今，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句用完成時(shí)He has lived here since 2010.from說(shuō)明開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,謂語(yǔ)可以用過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的某種時(shí)態(tài)From now on，I will learn English in the morning.for動(dòng)作延續(xù)貫穿整個(gè)過(guò)程，后接時(shí)間段，主句用完成時(shí)I have studied English in Only for 2 years.第13頁(yè)1.He has been a teacher _ 10 years.2._ , Tom has studied

10、English.3.Jack and John have been away from Shanghai _ five years ago. forSince since 第14頁(yè)His father has been _ Australia _ 1998. A. to; in B. in; since C. to; from D. in; for第15頁(yè)表示以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)的某一段時(shí)間之后，用于過(guò)去時(shí)They finished the work after 2 years.與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間之后Ill call you after 7 oclock.after第16頁(yè)In 和 afte

11、r 區(qū)分In 與 after 都能夠表示“之后”，其區(qū)分以下：1.后跟一段時(shí)間?！癷n + 時(shí)間”一段表示從說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)間算起一段時(shí)間之后；“after + 一段時(shí)間”表示從過(guò)去一點(diǎn)時(shí)間或未來(lái)一點(diǎn)時(shí)間算起一段時(shí)間之后。 e.g. They will start working in half an hour. They will work after 10 am.2. 后跟一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 after 可跟一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，而 in 不可e.g. after supper 晚飯后 after six oclock 6點(diǎn)后 after school 放學(xué)后 after graduation 畢業(yè)后第17頁(yè)1.I h

12、ear that he will be back _ two weeks time.A at B in C after D for2._ a month, he will be proud _ his son.A. In; with B. After; of C. In; of D. After; over3. Mr. Smith left _ London _ breakfast.A. to, in B. for, in C. to, after D. for, afterB C D 第18頁(yè)“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到以前為止”，假如by后跟一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)E.G. We had

13、learnt 1000 English words by the end of last year.“during+時(shí)間段”與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示某期間動(dòng)作。E.G. He lives with us during these years.第19頁(yè)until作介詞，后接詳細(xì)時(shí)刻句子動(dòng)作連續(xù)到until所表示時(shí)間為止，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞I cant fall into sleep until midnight.He will be working until 5 oclock.作連詞，后接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 需注意四個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)第20頁(yè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)一若主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（come/go/leave/begi

14、n/finish等）那么這個(gè)句子（主句）慣用否定式，表示某一動(dòng)作到until所表示時(shí)間才發(fā)生。notuntil 意為“直到才.”E.G. She didnt go to bed until she finished her homework.關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)二若主句謂語(yǔ)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（work/live/stay/study/play/wait等）那么這個(gè)句子（主句）慣用必定式，表示動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到until所表示時(shí)間為止。until意為“直到為止”E.G. I listen to the radio until my father came back.關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)三若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句也可用否定式，

15、表示某一動(dòng)作到until所表示時(shí)間才發(fā)生。注意它與必定式區(qū)分：E.G. I didnt listen to the radio until my father came back.關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)四若until引導(dǎo)從句動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，習(xí)慣上也要用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)。即：主句用普通未來(lái)時(shí)（或主句是祈使句），until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通慣用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)。E.G. We wont go home until the rain stops. Dont leave until we come back.第21頁(yè)表示地點(diǎn)介詞：at，in，on，over，below，to，under，in front of，before第22頁(yè)

16、in表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某方位（屬于該范圍）Shandong is in the northeast of China.to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位（不屬于該范圍）Japan is to the east of China.on表示與某地的接壤或毗鄰關(guān)系Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.表示方位in，on，to第23頁(yè) in , at , on, toHe will arrive _ a litlle bus stop _ Beijing.Shantou is _ the east of Guangdon.Guangxi is _ the north o

17、f Guangdong. America is _ the south of China.at in in on to in : A地包含B地 on : 兩地不包含，但連接 to : 兩地不包含，不連接 第24頁(yè)The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A. from; at B. of; to C. from; to D. of; on第25頁(yè)over在的正上方，表示垂直在上There is a bridge over the river.above在上方，屬于斜上方Raise your arms

18、 above your head.on在上面，表示兩物體接觸There is a book on the table.表示方位over，above，on第26頁(yè)at表示較小的地點(diǎn)at the bus stop at homein表示較大的地方in China in the worldon表示在一個(gè)平面上on the farm表示方位at，in，on第27頁(yè)in front of在之前（范圍外）There are some trees in front of the classroom.in the front of 在的前部（范圍內(nèi)）There are some desks in the fr

19、ont of the classroom.in front of 和 in the front of 注：before所表示位置關(guān)系和in front of 相同，表示“在前面” E.G. He sits before me.第28頁(yè)below在下方或位置低于The coat reaches below the knees.in the front of 在正下方（垂直在下）There are many bikes under the tree.below 和 under 第29頁(yè)be made常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu) bemadein在某地制造：made in China of由制成，從成品上能看出原材料T

20、his kind of cloth is made of silk.from由制成，從成品上看不出原材料This wine is made from o被制成The wood is made into some tables.after仿照.制成up of由組成第30頁(yè)be used常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu) beusedto=become used to習(xí)慣于,后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞 to被用來(lái)做，后接動(dòng)詞原形The pen is used to write.for意義相當(dāng)于be used to do, 但for后接動(dòng)名詞形式。as被看成來(lái)使用by被使用used to過(guò)去經(jīng)常，后接動(dòng)詞原

21、形第31頁(yè) across 和 through: 經(jīng)過(guò)，穿過(guò)1. He swam _ the river.2. They walked_ the forest.3. The river goes _ the city and brings people water and food.4. He helped the little child walk _ the road. across: 指在物體表面穿過(guò) through : 指在物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò) across through through across 第32頁(yè)between 和 among ：在之間1.Whats the difference

22、 _ a sheep and a goat?A. from B. to C. between D. among2.We visited him _ his workplace _ the young trees. A. in; beside B. at; along C. at; among D. to; betweenKeep the secret between you and_ (I) me第33頁(yè)表示方式或伎倆介詞by, in, on, with用， 以方式第34頁(yè)The boy usually writes _ a red pen.I can write a letter _ English.He often goes to school