八年級英語上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1、 八年級英語上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納八班級英語上冊學(xué)問點(diǎn)1 Im going to study computer science. 【重點(diǎn)詞語/（短語）用法解析】 1.want to be/become + (職業(yè))名詞 :“想要成為.” I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up. 2.write stories 寫（故事） tell stories 講故事 3.keep on doing sth. 連續(xù)做某事(表動(dòng)作的反復(fù)) keeping doing sth. 保持做某事(表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)) 4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“確定”

2、 Are you sure about that? make sure (that)+從句“.確保.” Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out. 5.learn sth. We must learn English every day. learn to do sth. I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano. 6. discuss v. 爭論;商議 名詞是discussion discuss with sb. 與某人爭論 : Discuss this question with

3、yourpartner. Letsdiscuss this problem. 讓我們爭論一下這個(gè)問題。 All we need now is action, not discussion. 我們現(xiàn)在需要的是行動(dòng)，不是爭論。 7. beable to do sth. 能夠做某事 (1)can : can+動(dòng)詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，不能用于將來時(shí)。 be able to + 動(dòng)詞原形，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。 (2)can 常指客觀上能夠;be able to 更側(cè)重于經(jīng)過努力、克服肯定困難有力量做成某事。 He will be able to(能夠)

4、speak English next year.(在此不能填can) 8.promise n. 承諾;諾言 v. 許諾;承諾;答應(yīng) make a promise(to sb) (對某人)許下諾言 keep a promise 遵守諾言 break a promise 違反諾言 promise (sb) to do sth. 許諾某人干某事 promise (sb) +that 從句 He promised to help me. 他許諾過要關(guān)心我。 I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我承諾從現(xiàn)在起努力學(xué)習(xí)。 9.have to do with 關(guān)

5、于;與有關(guān)系 The book has to do with computers. 那本書與計(jì)算機(jī)有關(guān)。 10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指為消遣)學(xué)著做;開頭做 I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我將要學(xué)煮飯。 11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep. too+形容詞/副詞 to+動(dòng)詞原形，表示“太.而不能.”如： The kid is too young to play thisgame. 這個(gè)小孩太小，不能玩這個(gè)嬉戲。 12.onesow

6、n +名詞 “某人自己的東西”， 強(qiáng)調(diào)某物為個(gè)人全部 my own book 我自己的書本 【重點(diǎn)語法】 一般將來時(shí)“am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 基本形式 否定式：am/is/are not going to +動(dòng)詞原形 一般疑問式：am/is/are +主語+ going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他? 特別疑問式：特別疑問詞+一般疑問式? He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他準(zhǔn)備在倫敦度假。 Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那烏

7、云，快要下雨了。 Is he going to collect any data forus? 他會(huì)幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎? What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你準(zhǔn)備作什么? 2. 基本用法 (1)表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、支配好準(zhǔn)備、方案要做某事。 Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon. 今日下午我和爸爸準(zhǔn)備去看歌劇。 (2)表示依據(jù)目前某種跡象推斷，某事特別有可能發(fā)生，表示推想。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain. 瞧!烏云密集

8、。天要下雨了。 八班級英語上冊學(xué)問點(diǎn)2 Ifyou go to the party, youllhave a great time! 【重點(diǎn)詞語/短語用法解析】 1. have agreat time 意為“玩得開心”，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good /wonderful / nice time have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很快樂 2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事 The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homewor

9、k. 3. order sth. from+地點(diǎn)“從某地訂購食物” I want to order some books fromthe book store. 4. keepto oneself 保守隱秘 5. unless conj. 除非;假如不 unless 引導(dǎo)的條件句表示在特定條件下，才打算做或不做一件事。=if.not The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon. 6. be

10、 afraidto do sth. 可怕干某事 Im afraid to speak in front ofother people. be afraid of sth. 可怕某事 He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties. be afraid +that從句 Im afraid that I cant finish ontime 7. be angry withsb. We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting. be angry at/about sth. He is angry at/about y

11、our answer. I was very angry at what he said. 8. in the end 最終;最終= at last/ finally at the end of 在.末端;到.終點(diǎn) He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally. The school is at the end of thestreet. 9. careless adj. 馬虎的;（反義詞）：careful， 意為“當(dāng)心的”。 The boy is very careless. 這個(gè)男孩很馬虎。 He is more careful th

12、an me. 他比我仔細(xì)。 10. advise v.“勸說;建議”n. advice, 是不行數(shù)名詞. Give me some advice! advise doing sth. 建議做某事。 advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建議某人(不)做某事 I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建議等到適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候。 I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建議他不要每天睡懶覺。 11. Its best (not)to do sth. 最好(不)做某事 Its best to speak Engli

13、sh everyday. 12. run away from“ 從逃離” “躲避” 13. cut in half “切成兩半” 八班級英語上冊學(xué)問點(diǎn)3 Can you come to my party? 【重點(diǎn)詞語/短語用法解析】 1. oneanother 表示不確定數(shù)目中的另一個(gè) onetheother 表示兩者中的另一個(gè) I dont like this one, canyou show me another? I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager. someothers表示沒有范圍限定的“一些.另

14、一些.” sometheothers 表示某一范圍的“一些.其余的.” Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus. Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus. 2. invite v. 邀請 n. invitation invite sb. to do sth.“邀請某人干某事” invite sb. to+地點(diǎn)名詞 1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week. 2) Thanks a

15、 lot for your invitation 3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty. 3.(1)Whats the date today? 意為“今日是幾月幾號(hào)?” Its +月+日。 (2)What day isit today? 意為“今日是星期幾?”Its + 星期幾。 Whats thedate? Its September 10th. What day is it today? Its Wednesday. 4.have a lesson(class) 上課 have an English lesson 5.prepare v. 預(yù)備 n.

16、 preparation prepare sth. “預(yù)備某物”，所預(yù)備的東西就是后面的賓語。 prepare for sth. “為做預(yù)備”，指為后面的賓語做預(yù)備 prepare to do sth. “預(yù)備做某事” 6. bring.to“帶來”把某物從別的地方帶到說話人的地方 taketo“帶去”把某物從說話的地方帶到別處去。(兩者方向相反) Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway. 把你的作業(yè)拿過來，把這本書帶走。 7.without(介詞)沒有 反義詞：with“具有” We cantlive without water. Ja

17、ne is a beautiful girl with long hair. 8. sothat +從句： 以便于;目的是 I study hard so that I can get good grades. 9.surprise n. 驚異 surprised adj. 感到驚異的(指人) surprising adj. 令人驚異的(指物) be surprised at sth.“驚異于某事” to onessurprise “令某人驚異的是” Im surprisedat the surprising news. 我對這個(gè)令人驚異的消息感到很驚訝。 To my surprise, he

18、 left withoutleaving a word. 令我驚異的是，他一聲不響地離開了。 10.look forward to (介詞)+名/代/V-ing I look forward to your reply. 我期盼你的答復(fù)。 I look forward to seeing you again. 11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的來信。 I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friend yesterday. 12.the best way to

19、do sth. 做某事的最好方式 Exercising is the best way to keep healthy. 13.how to do that. “該怎么做”，疑問詞+to do sth常用來做賓語 I dontknow how to make a banana milk shake. I dontknow what to do. 14.at the end of “在末尾” Now, it is at the end of 2022. 反義短語：at the beginning of “ 在開頭” 15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很興奮/難受做某

20、事 I am glad to see you. 16.reply to sb./sth.“回復(fù)” Reply in writing to the invitation “以寫信形式回復(fù)這份（邀請函）” 【重點(diǎn)語法】 一. 表示邀請的句型 1. Can/Could you(come to my party)? 2. Would you like to.( Would youlike to my party)? 接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, Id love/like to. 拒絕:： Im sorry, I cant. I have to/must+V原 (陳述理由 ) Id lo

21、ve/liketo, but I (理由) 3.Imafraid not. I(理由) 二. must與have to 1. must 表示主觀“必需”;must 表示“主觀上的要求”，無人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，否定回答: neednt 或 dont have to (不必)。mustnt 表示“禁止”. 2. have to表客觀需要，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)變化，否: dont / doesnt /didnt have to (沒必要) Must I be home before eight oclock? 8點(diǎn)之前我必需回家嗎? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No,

22、you dont have to. 八班級英語上冊學(xué)問點(diǎn)4 Howdo you make a banana milk shake? 【重點(diǎn)詞語/短語用法解析】 1.cut是“切, 割”的意思，過去式為cut。 cut up 意為“切碎” Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up. Cut it /them up. 2.turn on 打開, 接通(電流、煤氣、水等) turn off 關(guān)掉,截?cái)?電流、煤氣、水等) turn up 開大,調(diào)高(音量、熱量等) turn down 調(diào)低,關(guān)小(音量、熱量等) 3.one more thing 另外一件事情

23、another ten minutes 再多非常鐘 數(shù)字+ more + 物品 指“另外的 another + 數(shù)字 +物品 指“另外的 當(dāng)數(shù)字為one時(shí)，常與more連用或只用 another。 Give me two more hamburgers? another two hamburgers 4. forgetto do sth. 遺忘(去)做某事 forgetdoing sth. 遺忘已做過某事。 5. Its a time (for sb). to do sth. 該是(某人)做某事的時(shí)期了 Itstime (for sb.)to dosth. =Its time for sth.

24、 該是(某人)做某事的時(shí)間了。 Itsa time for you to study English. Itstime for us to go to school.(Its time for school.) 6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩.” We should give thanks for our parents. He gave thanks for life and food. 7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a bigmeal. by+st

25、h./doing : 1)以.方式 I study English by listening toEnglish songs. 2)在.的旁邊 I am sitting by the pool. 3)在.之前 I have to go to school by 8:00. 4)搭乘 I go to school by bus. 8.Here is +名單(賓語) “這是” 是倒裝句 Here is a photo of my family. Here are+名復(fù) Here are some English books. 當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí)，要用順裝。如：Here you are.(對) Here

26、 are you.(錯(cuò)) 9.fill sth. with sth. 用.把.裝滿 (強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作) be full of“裝滿”(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)) I filled the cup with themilk. The cup is full of the milk. 10.putin(into)把.放到. 里 11.coverwith用.掩蓋 12.cut into把.切成. Cut the apple into four pieces. cutup 切碎 13.serve v. 服務(wù) n. service serve +名/代“供應(yīng)” The shop serves nice food. serve

27、 sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables. serve sb. with sth. “用某物款待某人” Serve the guests with some tea. 【重點(diǎn)語法】 名詞：名詞是表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象及（其它）抽象概念名稱的詞。 一、名詞分為專出名詞和一般名詞。 專出名詞是表示詳細(xì)的人、事物、地點(diǎn)、或機(jī)構(gòu)等的專出名稱。 如：Guangzhou，Mike，UNESCO等。 專出名詞一般狀況下第一個(gè)字母要大寫。 一般名詞是表示一類人、事物或抽象概念的名稱。 如：polic

28、e，eggs，rice等。 二、一般名詞又可分為個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。 個(gè)體名詞：表示某一類人或某一類東西中的個(gè)體。 如：monkey，panda，ruler，boy等。 集體名詞：表示一群人或一類事物的總稱。 如：family，police，class，people等。 物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體或不具備確定外形和大小的實(shí)物。 如：Water，air，milk等。 抽象名詞：表示抽象概念詞。 如：hope，love，spirit。 英語的名詞有可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞兩種。 一般來說，個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞多為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多為不行數(shù)名詞。 三、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)章（

29、總結(jié)） 1. 規(guī)章變化 (1)一般在名詞詞尾加-s， mapmaps地圖 birdbirds鳥 orangeoranges 桔子 bikebikes自行車 (2)以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞加-es boxboxes盒子 classclasses班級 watchwatches手表 dish-dishes盤，碟子，餐具 (3)以o結(jié)尾的無生命的名詞后面加-s photophotos相片 radioradios收音機(jī) zoozoos動(dòng)物園 以o結(jié)尾的有生命的名詞后面加-es tomatotomatoes西紅柿 potatopotatoes土豆 heroheroes英雄 negronegro

30、es黑人 (4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-es babybabies嬰兒 familyfamilies家庭 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s boyboys男孩 toytoys 玩具 (5)以fe或f結(jié)尾的名詞，把fe或f變?yōu)関加”-es “ knifeknives小刀 wifewives妻子 leafleaves樹葉。 2. 不規(guī)章變化 (1)childchildren footfeet toothteeth mousemice manmen womanwomen 留意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。 如：an English

31、man，two Englishmen。 但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans。 Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。 (2)單復(fù)同形的名詞 如：deer鹿，sheep綿羊，fish魚， Chinese中國人，Japanese日本人 li里，jin斤，yuan元 留意：除人民幣元、角、格外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters (3)集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式消失，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。 如：people人， police警察，cattle牛等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，apolice

32、，a cattle. 但可以說 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle theEnglish，the British，theFrench，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用。 如：The Chinese are hard-working and brave. 中國人民是勤勞英勇的。 3. 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞 (1)maths數(shù)學(xué)，politics政治(學(xué))，physics物理學(xué)等學(xué)科名詞，為不行數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。 (2)news消息、新聞是不行數(shù)名詞。 (3)the United Sta

33、tes美國，the United Nations聯(lián)合國應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。 (4)以復(fù)數(shù)形式消失的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也視為單數(shù)。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本特別好玩的故事書。 4. 留意兩點(diǎn) (1)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes 若表達(dá)詳細(xì)數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對，雙); suit(套);a pair of glasse

34、s; two pairs of trousers (2)還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特殊意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes(各種)魚 四、不行數(shù)名詞 不行數(shù)名詞意味著這些名詞只能是單數(shù)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能與數(shù)目字如one, two等連用，也不能加不定冠詞a(n)。 不行數(shù)名詞沒有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，但我們在生活中有時(shí)候又必需給這些詞計(jì)量，我們于是采納這種（方法）：a+表示這些東西的單位+of+不行數(shù)名詞， 如：acup of tea，a box of milk，apiece of paper等。 假如為了表示多個(gè)的概念，我們就將表示這些東西的單位變成復(fù)數(shù)即可。 如：ac

35、up of tea3 cups of tea，a box of milk12 boxes ofmilk，A piece of paper100 pieces of paper 【留意】 a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。例如： Cakeis a kind of food.（蛋糕）是一種食物(不行數(shù)) Thesecakes are sweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。(可數(shù)) b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如： Thisfactory produces steel.這個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)鋼材。(不行數(shù)) Weneed various steels.我們需要各種各樣的鋼材。(可數(shù)) c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)

36、名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如： Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而著名。 Twoteas, please. 請來兩杯茶。 d. 抽象名詞表示詳細(xì)的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如： fourfreedoms 四大自由 thefour modernizations 四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化 八班級英語上冊學(xué)問點(diǎn)5 Will people have robots? 【重點(diǎn)詞語/短語用法解析】 1.many+可數(shù)名詞 很多 much+不行數(shù)名詞 很多 2.live to be+基數(shù)詞 + years old“活到.歲” 3. bein great danger 處在極大的危急中 4.pla

37、y a part in +名/代/V-ing. 參加某事/做某事 Everyone should play a part in saving theearth. 5.help (sb.) with sth. 關(guān)心(某人)做某事 He often helps me with my English. help sb. (to) do sth. 關(guān)心(某人)做 He often helps me study English. help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等) Help yourself to the fish. 請任憑吃魚 6.the same as 和一樣 反義短語：be d

38、ifferent from 7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了時(shí)間做某事(時(shí)態(tài)依據(jù)詳細(xì)狀況打算) It takes me an hour to get to my office. spend time/moneyon sth. 在上花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢) sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢)做某事。 I spent two hours on this math problem. 這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我個(gè)小時(shí)。 They spent two years building thi

39、s bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。 8.hundreds of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 很多/大量 數(shù)詞+hundred + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 幾百 類似的數(shù)詞還有thousand(千) , million(萬) There are four hundred students in ourgrade. There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year. 9.during 在期間 during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend 10.the meaning of 的意思 Can you tell me the meaning of the words? 【重點(diǎn)語法】 一般將來時(shí) 一、一般將來時(shí)的含義 一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)沓３０l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 二、一般將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1. will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形 will 在陳述句中用于各種人稱;shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。 否定式：will not=wont;shall not=shant 一般疑問式：will/shall+主語+動(dòng)