生物柴油發(fā)電市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、Biodiesel Technology and Development生物柴油技術(shù)和發(fā)展 Chen Fang / 陳 放School of Life Sciences，SCU / 四川大學生命科學學院Institute of Bio-energy, SCU / 四川大學生物能源研究所第1頁I. Introduction /介紹Biodiesel/生物柴油 Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, and which meets t

2、he specifications of ASTM D 6751. 生物柴油是指能夠本國生產(chǎn)、可再生，從天然油脂如大豆油生產(chǎn)出能夠用于柴油引擎燃油，而且滿足ATMD6751標準。第2頁Petroleum/energy plant石油/能源植物Containing biodiesel components/ or precursors.含有生物柴油成份或可經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成為柴油成份植物 Biomass (mainly forest) /year is as 20-27 times as the exploitation quantity of petroleum. 地球上每年生物質(zhì)（主要是森林）產(chǎn)量可為

3、石油開采量2027倍。第3頁The ways to obtain biodiesel生物柴油生產(chǎn)原理Shaken/乳化Alcohols + fresh or used oil/fat transesterification reaction轉(zhuǎn)酯化反應(yīng)Chemical catalysts/化學催化劑Enzymatic conversation (lipase)/生物酶法第4頁The benefits of biodiesel生物柴油優(yōu)點ConvenientNo engine rebuildingRenewable and sustainableLocal available and econom

4、y promoting Environment friendlyCO2 fixation and low pollution gas emission(only 1/4 of common diesel, meeting the European standard III)便利，不需要現(xiàn)有設(shè)備改造可再生和可連續(xù)性發(fā)展可當?shù)?國生產(chǎn)，對當?shù)亟?jīng)濟含有促進作用環(huán)境友好, CO2 固定和低污染排放,到達歐洲三號標準第5頁II. Present status of bio-diesel 生物柴油現(xiàn)實狀況 Feedstock / 原料植物研究 Current producing situation /生物

5、柴油生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)實狀況第6頁1. Feedstock / 原料 The cost of biodiesel comes from the feedstock cost .生物柴油成本3/4是原料成本。第7頁1970s Dr. Melvin-Kelvin, a Noble Prizewinner, 1st research on the energy plant1978 International Energy Sources Academy (IEA) initiated the international cooperation research on energy plants, 1986 US

6、A began to plant petroleum plant garden firstly Subsequently, Britain, France, German, Japan and Brazil started the research and application.1970s 諾貝爾獎取得者Melvin-Kelvin博士開始能源植物研究國際能源署開始能源植物國際間合作研究美國開始種植能源植物林隨即，英國、法國、德國、日本和巴西陸續(xù)開始了相關(guān)研究和應(yīng)用Energy plant research 能源植物研究第8頁The species of energy plants 能源植物種

7、類There are many plants can be used as green energy sources. Most of them come fromEuphorbia LeguminousCruciferae Composite They contain natural fuel ingredients. 有許多植物可提供綠色能源，其中大部分來自：大戟科 豆科十字花科 菊科它們都含有優(yōu)質(zhì)能源成份。第9頁“biodiesel plant”/ “生物柴油植物”Jatropha 麻瘋樹palm油棕Soybean 大豆Rape 油菜第10頁Cotton seeds/棉籽第11頁Sun

8、flower seeds/油葵第12頁Abundant diesel plant source in China中國有豐富生物柴油資源 There are 400 kinds of woody oil trees in all, thereinto oil content of more than 200 kinds range from 15% to 60%，otherwise oil content of more than 50 kinds range from 50% to 60%. At present only about 10 kinds had been utilized, t

9、here are plentiful wild resources which await to be discovered and farther exploited yet。木本油料樹種有400各種，含油量在1560%有200各種，含油量在5060%有50各種，當前開發(fā)利用僅10各種，還有大量野生資源有待發(fā)掘和深入開發(fā)利用。第13頁Modification of energy plants能源植物改良The aimsHigh yieldGood qualityLow input （tolerant to stress)Classical breedingMolecular breeding

10、目標高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)低投入（抗逆性強）常規(guī)育種分子育種第14頁The research on the oil components regulation mechanism 燃油成份調(diào)控機制研究Michigan State UniversityWashington UniversityBritain John Innes InstituteYork UniversityGermany Hamburg University fatty acid and oil metabolism pathway and key genes through the methods of DNA micro-array,

11、 protein bidirectional electrophoresis and metabolizomics, and brought forward the concept of the Lipidomics. 經(jīng)過DNA微列陣、雙向電泳和代謝組學等方法研究脂肪酸和油脂代謝路徑和關(guān)鍵基因，提出了脂肪組學概念。第15頁 American scientists had induced Cuphea Viscosissima Mutant vs320 via mutation technology and bio-engineering means. Their short chain fa

12、tty acid content had increased hugely. Lipid of mutant plant could be in place of petrochemical diesel fuel directly, without conversion 。利用突變體技術(shù)和基因工程伎倆，美國科學家誘導(dǎo)出膠粘萼距花（Cuphea Viscosissima）突變體vs320，其短鏈脂肪酸含量大大提升，突變體植株油脂能夠不經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化直接取代石化柴油。第16頁 In Europe, canola variety has been the primary stuff that could

13、be used to produce biodiesel fuel, and which involved in erucic acid less than 2% ，fatty acid over 90%，sulfur content（thioglycoside less than 20mol/g）. 歐洲用于生物柴油生產(chǎn)主要原料為雙低油菜，其介酸小于2%，十八碳脂肪酸超出90%，硫含量低（硫苷小于20mol/g）。第17頁Technology Chemical catalyze methodEquipments：similar to common oil equipmentsProcedur

14、es: alcohols , acid/basic catalyst, high temperature (230250) 技術(shù)化學催化法設(shè)備：類常規(guī)制油設(shè)備工藝 ：甲/乙醇、酸/堿催化劑、高溫（ 230250）2.Current production situation 生物柴油生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)實狀況第18頁NationMaterialBiodiesel fuel proportionUsing statusAmericasoybeanB10-B20To be using popularlyGermanyRape seed、bean oil、tallowB5-B20,B100To be using w

15、idelyBrazilCastor oilTo be in running test AustriaRape seed、deposed greaseB100To be using widelyAustraliatallowB100To be researched and popularizedFranceAll kinds of plant oilB5-B30To be researched and popularizedItalyAll kinds of plant oilB20-B100To be using widelySwedenAll kinds of plant oilB2-B10

16、0To be using widelyBelgiumAll kinds of plant oilB5-B20To be using widelyArgentinasoybeanB20To be using popularlyBulgariasunflower、soybeanB100To be using popularlyMalaysiaPalm oilTo be using popularlyKoreaRice bran、reclaimed cooking oil and bean oilB5-B20To be using popularlyCanadaTung oil、tallowB2-B

17、100To be using popularlyThe world biodiesel status(I)第19頁生物柴油在世界各國應(yīng)用情況ChinaGermanUSABrazilSpanIrelandHungaryDenmarkBelgiumAustriaItalyFranceJapanThe world biodiesel status(II)第20頁 USA /美國 “America is addicted to oil, which is often imported from unstable parts of the world. The best way to break thi

18、s addiction is through technology. Well also fund additional research in cutting-edge methods of producing ethanol, not just from corn, but from wood chips and stalks, or switch grass. Our goal is to make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six years.” “美國能源依賴于從世界不穩(wěn)定地域進口原油，擺脫這種

19、依賴最有效路徑是技術(shù)改革。我們將資助那些不但是從玉米，甚至從木材碎片、植物莖、枝葉中，使用新方法生產(chǎn)乙醇研究。我們目標是在未來六年內(nèi)研究出一個實用而且有競爭力新型乙醇?！盉ush總統(tǒng)關(guān)注生物燃油發(fā)展USA is the earliest country paying attention to biodiesel美國是最早碩士物柴油國家。第21頁 There are at least 4 biodiesel manufactures (Interchem Environment、AgEnvirmental Products、Twin Rivers Technology(TRT)、NOPOC Co

20、rp.). The total output arrives 300 kt/a.Midwest10kt/aChicago30kt/aQuincy 100kt/athe other places 16k t/a 當前已經(jīng)有4家生產(chǎn)廠(Interchem Environment、AgEnvirmental Products、Twin Rivers Technology(TRT)、NOPOC Corp.)生產(chǎn)，總生產(chǎn)能力30萬t/a；在中西部（Midwest）有1萬t/a裝置；芝加哥（Chicago）3萬t/a；在麻省Quincy 10 萬t/a；其它地方產(chǎn)量為1.6萬 t/a。 第22頁Germa

21、ny/德國At least 8 biodiesel manufactures have been established in Germany. In the biodiesel output arrived 1 million tons and there are 1700 biodiesel service stations. Biodiesel standard DINV51606No biodiesel taxDusseldorf 60kt/a Leer 80kt/aPlausen 2k t/aKiel 10kt/a，Barby50kt/a，Thuringin2k t/a 德國當前已擁

22、有8個生產(chǎn)生物柴油工廠，在杜塞爾多夫（Dusseldorf）和Leer建立生物柴油工業(yè)化企業(yè)（Dusseldorf 6萬t/a, Leer 8萬t/a），在普勞恩（Plausen）有一個小型廠（ t/a）。在1998年投產(chǎn)生物柴油廠有3個基爾（Kiel）1萬t/a，巴比（Barby）5萬t/a，菲林根（Thuringin） t/a。德國生物柴油產(chǎn)量達100萬t，擁有1700多個生物柴油加油站，而且制訂了生物柴油標準DINV51606，對生物柴油不收稅 第23頁5萬噸德國第24頁France /法國There are at least 7 biodiesel manufactures:Compi

23、egne 40kt/a Boussens 70kt/aPeronne 10kt/a Verdun 40kt/aNogent-surSeine 120kt/a The CIRAD has demonstrated that biodiesel could be used in common diesel engine across a 10million meters run experiment. The standard is to add 5% biodiesel into fossil diesel. The biodiesel tax rate is zero. 法國當前已擁有7個生產(chǎn)生物柴油企業(yè)，貢比涅4萬t/a Boussens 7萬t/aPeronne 1萬t/a 凡爾登（Verdun）4萬t/aNogent-surSeine