高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題公開(kāi)課詞義猜測(cè)課件

1、閱讀理解專題突破之 詞義猜測(cè)題閱讀理解專題突破之 詞義猜測(cè)題Step1猜測(cè)詞義常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “ ?What does the author probably mean by “ ?The word “ in the contest means _.The term can be best replaced by _.The word “ probably refers to _.As used in the line the word “ refers to _.Step1猜測(cè)詞義常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式

2、Which of the foAccording to the passage, the word “ is known as_.The passage use the word “ to refer to _According to the author, the underlined word “ means_.From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “ means _.According to the passage, the 在詞義猜測(cè)題中，有些詞匯并非生詞，只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測(cè)它應(yīng)在文章中的具體含義，或找出其指代對(duì)

3、象。做這類題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀出現(xiàn)該詞的上下文，文章中往往會(huì)對(duì)這類詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行重復(fù)解釋或概括歸納。因此答案往往可從文章中找出或推測(cè)出。在詞義猜測(cè)題中，有些詞匯并非生詞，只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測(cè)它應(yīng)1. Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pese

4、tas in.”The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _.A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin 1. Charlottes tale was inspir2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without

5、 these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. The underlined word “donation” in Para.3 probably means _.A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help othersC. question

6、s asked by interviewers D. chances to be a hero2. Today when many tend to wor【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。猜測(cè)詞義第一招利用上下文語(yǔ)境線索任何一篇文中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，是閱讀過(guò)程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來(lái)高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。 【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收3. The elder learn to master the Intern

7、et and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory. 4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (軍用物資),while others carried only passengers.老年綜合癥goods3. The elder learn to master t5. Scientists g

8、row large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.7. Yet, shopkeepers m

9、ay have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.抗生素海洋生物學(xué)商店里偷竊的人5. Scientists grow large quant【思考?xì)w納】這四道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。第二招利用定義和解釋性線索閱讀文中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)及科普類文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明性的短語(yǔ)或句子，如to be, that

10、is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有時(shí)也以同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號(hào)、括弧來(lái)表示。留心閱讀就可以斷定它們的意思。 【思考?xì)w納】這四道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. From the passage, we can infer that the w

11、ord “autocratic means _A. friendly to others B. modest and kindlyC. sticking to ones own opinion D. hard-working 9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats.

12、 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?Dont give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.A. Rhythmic beats. B. A type of music. C. A kind of dance. D. Meanin

13、gless talk.8. Tom is considered an autocr【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。第三招根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。英語(yǔ)中句與句之間在語(yǔ)意上往往存在一些邏輯關(guān)系，如因果、對(duì)比、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。因果關(guān)系的語(yǔ)境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such that 等連詞體現(xiàn)?！舅伎?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收10. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.

14、 They must be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word “cultivated” (Paragraph 1) roughly means _.A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed11. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. According to the author, the underlined word static means _.A. uncha

15、ngeable B. inactive C. respective D. widespread10. “Unlike vitamin C, leaders12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。_單一的12. Unlike the Unite States wh第四招利用對(duì)比線索有時(shí)文章作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果

16、，會(huì)用一對(duì)反義詞揭示事物的不同點(diǎn)，形成鮮明的對(duì)比，這時(shí)只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這時(shí)句中多見(jiàn)unlike; although; but; yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; rather than等信息詞。第四招利用對(duì)比線索13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only

17、about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.14 Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.an endangered wild catother public halls13. Millions of animals die ea【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。第五招利用同義線索和同等關(guān)系同義詞替換

18、可以為我們推測(cè)詞義提供明顯的語(yǔ)境線索。一些常見(jiàn)的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有 or, like, similarly等。同等關(guān)系是指一個(gè)詞、一組詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作同一成分，而且他們的詞義屬一范疇。只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，即可確定同等關(guān)系中生詞的詞性，作用和大概意思。【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, of English learning.16. Many United

19、 nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。期刊會(huì)多國(guó)語(yǔ)言的人15. You can take any of the pe第六招利用例證性線索 某些冷僻的詞匯后會(huì)舉一個(gè)例子，使詞匯具體易懂。such as, like, for example, for instance等連接性詞語(yǔ)往往用來(lái)列舉說(shuō)明前面較難理解的名詞。第六招利用例證性線索17. Exhibition officia

20、ls said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.抗毒簡(jiǎn)化的17. Exhibition off

21、icials said 【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。第七招根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法 閱讀中常會(huì)遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)其意思。教學(xué)大綱已經(jīng)明確地將構(gòu)詞法列在語(yǔ)法附表中，因此利用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞法生成的詞不應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為生詞。【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收下題中劃線的詞可換為：19. New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the citys history.A. enough B. not passin

22、g C. lack of D. lack下題中劃線的詞可換為：【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。第八招注意熟詞生義英語(yǔ)中大量的詞匯具有多義性，其含義并非完全等同于詞典所標(biāo)注的漢語(yǔ)意思，具體的詞義需要在一定的上下文中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。閱讀理解中的熟悉詞生義比生詞本身的障礙要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考對(duì)生詞的數(shù)量有量的規(guī)定，不得超過(guò)3%；其二，熟悉詞生義很容易引起考生的誤解；其三，熟悉詞生義的數(shù)量沒(méi)有限制。如果這種現(xiàn)象在一篇文章中出現(xiàn)得多，那就更難理解了?！舅伎?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收20. Rainforests like t

23、he Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.The underlined phrase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _.A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving up21. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk an