初中英語語法情態(tài)動詞

1、7/7初中英語語法English Grammar* 情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞的類型和特征(一)情態(tài)動詞的類型1. 只作情態(tài)動詞的有：must; can (could); may (might)； 2. 可作情態(tài)動詞也可作實(shí)義動詞的有：need；3.可作情態(tài)動詞也可作助動詞的有：will (would); shall (should)；4.具有情態(tài)動詞的某些特征的有：have to; ought to(二)情態(tài)動詞的特征：1.有一定的詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語,必須和行為動詞或系動詞連用，構(gòu)成謂語。2. 無人稱和數(shù)的變化 (have to例外,用于第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has to)。We must stay

2、 here. /He must stay here. 他必須呆在這兒。We have to walk home. /He has to walk home. 他不得不步行回家。3. 后接動詞原形: She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了。4. 具有助動詞的作用，可用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡明答語。 Can you sing an English song? 你會唱英語歌嗎？ Yes, I can. 是的，我會。二、情態(tài)動詞的用法 (一) can, could的用法1. 表示能力，譯為：能，會。如: Can you play basketball? 你會打籃球嗎？2. 表懷

3、疑、猜測，常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:He cant be in the room.他不可能在房間里。3. 表請求或允許，多用于口語中,意為“可以”,相當(dāng)于may。 如:You can (may) go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。4. could是can的過去式,可以表示過去的能力.如: I could swim when I was seven years old.5. 以can開頭的一般疑問句，其肯定回答和否定回答分別用can和cant。(二) may的用法 1.表推測,意為“可能;也許”,用于肯定句中.如: He may come tomorrow.他明天可能會來。2. 表請求、許可，意

4、為“可以” 如: May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的書嗎？may表請求，用于主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句時(shí)，其否定回答用mustnt，不用may not，意為“不可以，不許，禁止”。如: May I go now? No, you mustnt. 不可以。/Yes, you may(can). 是，可以。3. (1) 表祝愿。 如: May you succeed. 祝你成功。(2) can和may 均可用來表示征求意見或允許，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。(三) must的用法:1. 表示“必須、應(yīng)該”。2. 表示推測，意為“一定”，一般用于肯定句。在疑問句和否定句

5、一般應(yīng)用can，否定句中也用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而cant 表示“不可能”。 Theres someone knocking on the door. 有人敲門。 It must be Jim. 肯定是吉姆。3. 在否定句中，mustnt表示禁止，意為“不允許”。以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答應(yīng)用must，而否定回答則常用neednt，意為“不需要、不必”，相當(dāng)于dont have to, 而不能用mustnt。 Must I finish the work today? 我今天必須完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？ No, you neednt/You dont have to. 不，你

6、不必/ Yes, you must.(四) 對need詞性的判斷: need后加to do說明need為實(shí)義動詞，用助動詞提問或否定；need后加doing表被動；若need后加動詞原形, 則need為情態(tài)動詞，用need提問或否定，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。 如:You neednt come to school so early. 你不必這么早來學(xué)校。(五) had better的用法: had better+動詞原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用had better not do sth.。Youd better stay at home. 你最好呆在家里/Youd bet

7、ter not watch TV every day.你最好不要每天看電視。(六) shall (should), will (would)的用法1. Shall用于第一人稱，表示征求意見、詢問。 如:Shall I open the window? 我打開窗戶好嗎？Shall we have lunch here? 我們在這兒吃飯好嗎？2. Should常用來表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任。如: We should obey traffic laws. 我們應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。3. will 用于第二人稱表示詢問,請求,也可以表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的“意愿”如:Will you pass me the book? 你能把這

8、本書遞給我嗎？/ We will do anything for you.4. would 用來表示過去的意愿或委婉的詢問。Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告訴我去車站的路嗎?三、易混點(diǎn)清單（為不常考知識點(diǎn)）（一）can和be able to : can 和be able to表示能力時(shí)用法相同，can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去式(could)，但 be able to表示經(jīng)過努力后, 能夠做到有現(xiàn)在時(shí),過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。如:We will be able to come back next week. 我們下周能回來。The fire sprea

9、d through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （表示經(jīng)過努力后, 能夠做到）Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can. 吉姆去年不會說漢語，但現(xiàn)在他會了。（二）can 和may 表可能性的區(qū)別1.在肯定句中,用may表可能You had better ask the policeman. He may know.你最好問警察,他可能知道。2. 在否定句中，若語氣肯定，表示“不可能”時(shí)用can not；若語氣不肯定，表示“可能不”時(shí)用may not

10、。Mr Li cant be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老師不可能在，他去北京度假了。（三）could, should, would, might表示委婉語氣could, should, would, might等過去式有時(shí)不表示過去，而是表示更委婉客氣的語氣。Would you tell me the way to the park? 你能告訴我去公園的路嗎？（四）must和have (has) to： must和have (has) to 意思均為“必須”，?？梢曰Q使用。但have (has) to用于強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，

11、意為“必須，不得不”；must用于表示主觀看法，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。Well have to ask Zhang Hong instead. /We must work hard at school.（五）maybe和may bemay為情態(tài)動詞，后加動詞原形be，用在句中;maybe為副詞,“大概，也許”,相當(dāng)于perhaps,用于句首。（六）cant和mustnt: 表否定推測時(shí)應(yīng)用cant, mustnt表達(dá)“禁止、不允許”的含義，不是用來表推測的，在肯定句中must表推測，譯為“一定”。（七）（補(bǔ)充）should have done 本應(yīng)該做的事情但未做含有責(zé)備之意如：I told L

12、ily how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it out. neednt have done 本沒必要做但卻做了sth2014年全國部分省市中考英語試題匯編：單項(xiàng)選擇情態(tài)動詞和系動詞一、情態(tài)動詞【2014銅仁】Must I water the flowers now, mum? No, you . You do it later.A. mustnt; must B. mustnt; ma y C. neednt; may D. neednt; must【答案】【2014連云港】 I know by what time you w

13、ant the project to be done?By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time?A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would【答案】A【2014長沙】Whos singing in the garden? It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time. A. must B. cant C. need【答案】A【2014河北】I _ follow you. Would you please

14、repeat it? A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 【答案】A【2014北京】Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith? No, you _. A. cant B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. neednt【答案】D【2014揚(yáng)州】Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer? Sorry. You _ return it today. A. must B. mustnt C. can D. cant【答案】A【2014黔西南州】Is t

15、he man over there Mr. Brown? It _ him. He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup. A. may not B. cant be C. shouldnt D. mustnt 【答案】B【2014重慶市A】Children _ si t in the front seat of a car. Its too dangerous.A. need B. neednt C. must D. mustnt【答案】D 【2014安徽】I forgot to bring my dictionary. Co

16、uld I use yours? Yes, you _.A. canB. mustC. couldD. should【答案】A 【2014重慶市B】The man is feeling much better now, so you _ call a doctor.A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt【答案】A 【2014杭州】If you _ smoke, please go outside . A. ca nB. mayC. mustD. might【答案】【2014東營】After you read the article “Why fast f

17、ood is slowly killing you”, you stop eating fast food. A. can B. may C. have to D. should【答案】B【2014天津】Look at the “No parking” sign. You _park your car here.A. should B. must C. neednt D. mustnt【答案】D【2014南昌】We _ pay to get into the concert. Its free.A. cant B. mustnt C. might not D. dont have to【答案】

18、D 【2014蘇州】May I take this magazine out of the reading room?No, you _. You read it in here.A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt【答案】D【2014寧波】_ you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago.Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.A. May B. Must C. Can D. Might 【答案】B【2014甘肅白銀】Must I go to law

19、 school and be a lawyer like you, dad? No, you _, son. Youre free to make your own decision. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】 D【2014麗水】Here is my phone number. You _ call me anytime you like. A. must B. can C. should D. need【答案】B【2014紹興】Lets go climbing, shall we? You _ be joking! Dont yo

20、u know Im afraid of high places? A. may B. can C. must D. should【答案】C【2014臺州】Are you interested in shopping online? Not so much. We _ see real products but pictures. A. shouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt【答案】B【2014泰安】Could you please have a walk with me? Sorry, I _. I have something important to do

21、 now. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. may not【答案】C【2014威?！緽ob, where is Linda? She _ be in the library, bu t I am not sure. A. must B. may C. need D. has to【答案】B【2014濱州】Must we take out the trash now? _. You can do it after class. A. Yes, you must B. No, you cant C. Yes, you may D. No, you neednt【答案】

22、D 【2014德州】Lingling, can I use your e-dictionary? Sure. But you _ return it after class. A. must B. can C. may D. would【答案】A【2014菏澤】Look, someone left a book. Oh, yeah This book _ be Kittys. Only she likes to read this kind of books. A. can B. must C. may D. might【答案】B【2014聊城】Is the long-haired man B

23、ruce? No, it _ be him. Hes in New York now. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not【答案】A【2014濰坊】People _ wait until the traffic becomes green. Thats the traffic rule. A. must B. can C. need D. may【答案】A二、系動詞【2014濰坊】What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one? I hope it will _ like

24、 a book. A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell 【答案】C【2014昆明】The medicine _ awful. I cant stand it. I know, Jimmy. But its helpful for you.A. tastes B. eats C. drinks D. takes【答案】A【2014河北】Mom is cooking dinner. It _ so nice. A. smellsB. tastesC. feels D. sounds 【答案】A【2014安徽】Mum, what are you cooking? It _ so sweet.A. tastes B. feelsC. soundsD. smells【答案】D【2014湖北咸寧】What are you going to do this weekend? I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qian