初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法構(gòu)詞法名詞冠詞

1、29/29初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法English Gram構(gòu)詞法 名詞 冠詞構(gòu)詞法（word-formation）構(gòu)詞法（word-formation）分為轉(zhuǎn)換、派生、合成轉(zhuǎn)換：常用于動(dòng)詞和名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1)不改變讀音、重度音節(jié)，只轉(zhuǎn)換單詞詞性e. g.單詞名 詞動(dòng) 詞cook廚師；炊事員烹調(diào)；煮；燒meet集會(huì)；會(huì)遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn)；會(huì)見(jiàn)watch手表；守衛(wèi)；觀察觀看；注視2）有些雙音節(jié)詞，作名詞時(shí)，第一個(gè)音節(jié)重度；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，第二個(gè)音節(jié)重度e. g. 名詞 動(dòng)詞increase /inkri: s/ 增加 increase /inkri: s/增加3）有些詞可以用讀音變化改變?cè)~性e. g. excuse /ik

2、skju: s/（名）歉意；道歉；借口 excuse /ikskju: z/（動(dòng)）原諒4）有些形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞e. g. He slowed down at the crossroad./ Please warm up the cold meat.派生前綴：加前綴一般不改變?cè)~類，而只是改變?cè)~的詞義構(gòu)成反義詞的前綴dis- disagree disappear dislikeim- impolite impossibleun- unable uncertain unhappy一些表示特定意思的前綴down 往下 downloadkilo 千 kilometreman 人，由人 man-ma

3、demis 錯(cuò)誤地 mistake misunderstandre 重新，再次 rebuild retell可以改變?cè)~性的前綴加在名詞前構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞 asleep aboard asideen- 加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞 encourage enable enrich后綴：加后綴一般改變?cè)~性名詞后綴-an African American-er dancer driver reporter-ing feeling reading-ion action decision-ment development government-ness happiness sadness-or actor

4、visitor-tion invention pronunciation-ure failure pleasure形容詞后綴-an American African-en golden wooden-ese Chinese Japanese-ful beautiful hopeful useful-ive active expensive-less careless endless useless-ly friendly-ous nervous dangerous-y dirty rainy副詞后綴 -ly carefully happily clearly數(shù)詞后綴 -teen thirtee

5、n -ty twenty -th fifth合成合成名詞詞加名詞 basketball形容詞加名詞 blackboard動(dòng)詞-ing形式+另一詞 dining-room合成形容詞形容詞+動(dòng)詞-ing形式 hard-working形容詞+過(guò)去分詞 kind-hearted名詞+過(guò)去分詞 man-made名詞+動(dòng)詞-ing形式 man-eating peace-loving合成動(dòng)詞詞+動(dòng)詞 water-ski副詞+動(dòng)詞 overeat overcome 形容詞/副詞+動(dòng)詞 white-wash合成副詞、代詞合成副詞 upstairs beforehand合成代詞 myself everything

6、其他構(gòu)詞法 1）縮短法 telephonephone2）前后各截部分 refrigeratorfridge3）縮寫法*結(jié)束名詞（Nouns）一、 名詞的數(shù)：名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化多數(shù)在詞尾加-s以s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞加-es e. g. matchmatches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，改y為i，再加-es e. g. storystories以f，fe結(jié)尾的名詞，一般把f，fe改為v，再加-es e. g. leafleaves但也有只加-s e. g. roofroofs 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，多數(shù)加-es e. g. heroheroes但也有只加-s e. g. pian

7、opianos注：以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞，我們可按下面一條規(guī)律來(lái)記住它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式： 指人和農(nóng)作物的加 -es、其他的加 -s. （或者是有生命的加 -es，無(wú)生命的加 -s）不規(guī)則變化名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形 e. g. sheep, deer, fish單詞拼寫中變化元音字母 e. g. manmen toothteeth有些是用-en做詞尾構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式 e. g. childchildren oxoxen表示某國(guó)人的單詞，單復(fù)數(shù)形式分為三種：A.單復(fù)數(shù)相同 a Chinesefive ChineseB.詞尾加-s an Americanseven AmericansC. 變-man為-men an E

8、nglishmanten Englishmen復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.將復(fù)合名詞中的主題名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式 e. g. new-comernew-comers2.沒(méi)有主題名詞的，則在詞尾加-s e. g. grown-upgrown-ups3.以man或woman開頭的復(fù)合詞，名詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式e. g. man-doctormen-doctors4.其他合成的詞，只把最后一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) eg. boy friendboy friends5.由兩部分組成的物體名詞和其他一些名詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式e. g. trousers, clothes, scissors6.專有名詞一般為不可數(shù)名詞，但是表示某姓

9、一家或夫婦和同名同姓若干時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)e. g. The Browns have gone to the cinema.7.在做定語(yǔ)的合成詞中，名詞要用單數(shù)形式e. g. an eighty-three-year-old grandpa8.以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞有兩種情況A. 表示國(guó)家、報(bào)紙等名詞看做單數(shù) e. g. the United StatesB. 表示群島、山脈、瀑布、奧運(yùn)會(huì)等專有名詞看做復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式e. g. The Alps are in Europe.名詞復(fù)數(shù)詞尾加-s或-es的讀音規(guī)則如下表構(gòu)成方法讀 音例 詞在詞尾加-s在清輔音后讀作/s/在濁輔音后讀作/z/1.des

10、ks/desks/ map/mps/2.miles/mailz/ seas/si: z/1.在以/s, z, , , t, d/等音結(jié)尾的詞之后加-es2.如詞尾為e，只加-s-（e）s讀作/iz/1.classes/kla: ziz/Brushes/briz/2.pages/peidiz/如詞尾為-f或-fe，則一般變?yōu)?ves-ves讀作/vz/leafleaves/li: vz/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，改y為i，再加-es-ies讀作/iz/partyparties/pa: tiz/以元音+y結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s-s讀作/z/boys/biz/以o結(jié)尾的名詞，多數(shù)加-es-es讀作/z/

11、Heroes/hiruz/以-th結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s1.在長(zhǎng)元音后，-ths讀作/z/2.在短元音或輔音后-ths讀作/s/1.mouths/mauz/2.months/mns/二、 名詞的種類： 普通名詞個(gè)體名詞，集體名詞（可數(shù)）物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞（不可數(shù)）專有名詞普通名詞是某一類人、某一類事物、某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名詞個(gè)體名詞：表示單個(gè)的人或物e. g. tree樹 doctor醫(yī)生 cup杯子 apple蘋果表示一群人或一些事物的總稱e. g. crowd人群 army軍隊(duì) class班級(jí) family家庭 group小組，團(tuán)隊(duì)police警方 team隊(duì) public公眾物質(zhì)名詞：表示

12、無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)e. g. tea茶 paper紙 snow雪 cloth布 wood木頭sugar糖 meat肉 sand沙 ink墨水 coffee咖啡抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等方面的抽象概念e. g. happiness幸福 work工作 music音樂(lè) experience經(jīng)歷pride驕傲 failure失敗 protection保護(hù)專有名詞3） 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞：其所表示的事物可以用數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算，前面可用不定冠詞a，an和數(shù)詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞：其所表示的事物不可以用數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算，前面不能用不定冠詞a，an和數(shù)詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。需表示數(shù)量時(shí)， 表示量的詞或短語(yǔ)

13、a piece of 一片，一塊 a cup of一杯 a bottle of一瓶a bag of一袋 a glass of一玻璃杯1、 只用于可數(shù)的名詞個(gè)體名詞一般是可數(shù)的。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能獨(dú)立使用，前面必須有限定詞a，an，the，my等；但復(fù)數(shù)名詞可以獨(dú)立使用e. g. 她做作業(yè)時(shí)，經(jīng)常出差錯(cuò)。錯(cuò) She often makes mistake in her homework.對(duì) She often makes a mistake in her homework.對(duì) She often makes (some) mistakes in her homework.Pandas are fo

14、und in Sichuan.熊貓生在四川。2、 只用于不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞e. g. How much meat, fish and bread do you want?既可以用于可數(shù)也可以用于不可數(shù)的名詞一些名詞看做個(gè)體時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，看做物質(zhì)或空間時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞e. g. How many chickens have they got? 她們有多少只雞？（個(gè)體）Would you like some chicken? 你要吃點(diǎn)雞肉嗎？（物質(zhì)）e. g. Leave a space after that word. 在那個(gè)詞后面留個(gè)空。（個(gè)體）The moon is

15、quite near in space. 在太空中月亮離我們很近。（空間）一些不可數(shù)名詞在表示某些特殊意義時(shí)，可以用作可數(shù)名詞e. g. I want an evening paper.我要一張晚報(bào)。Its a pleasure to meet you.見(jiàn)到你是件高興的事。4、集體名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)1）表示無(wú)生命的集體名詞通常是不可數(shù)的e. g. They wear very little clothing.他們衣服穿得很少。注：hair泛指頭發(fā)/fruit泛指水果等，是集體名詞，不可數(shù)；如果指單個(gè)的則是個(gè)體名詞e. g. Go and have your hair cut.去把頭發(fā)理一理。H

16、e has a few white hairs.他有幾根白頭發(fā)。2）有些有生命的集體名詞，復(fù)數(shù)詞尾不加s，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式e. g. The Chinese people are very friendly.中國(guó)人民很友好。注：當(dāng)people意為“民族”時(shí)，單數(shù)前加不定冠詞a，復(fù)數(shù)后加s；policeman指具體某個(gè)警察時(shí)為個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)的。5、有的集合名詞，有時(shí)作單數(shù)看，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看，用復(fù)數(shù)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，視為整體時(shí)作單數(shù)看，提及它的成員時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看。e. g. His family isnt large.他家不大。（指整個(gè)家庭，作單數(shù)看）His family are all mu

17、sic lovers.他家的人都喜歡音樂(lè)。（指家庭成員，作復(fù)數(shù)看）三、 名詞的格名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法在單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面加“s”e. g. my mothers room the childrens book以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞后面加“”或“s”均可 e. g.my boss/bosss office以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后只需加“”e. g. the ladies room復(fù)合名詞的所有格，是在后面的一個(gè)名詞后加“s”e. g. an hour and a halfs talkhis brother-in-laws photo如果一樣?xùn)|西為幾個(gè)人所共有，則在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s；如果不

18、是共有，則在每個(gè)名詞后都加se. g. These are Tom and Jacks books.（兩個(gè)人共有）/These are Toms and Jacks books.名詞所有格的用法名詞所有格主要用于表示人或有生命的名詞用于由人組成的集體名詞 e. g. the Partys call黨的號(hào)召也可用于一些表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞后A、用于表示時(shí)間的名詞e. g. It was a summers morning.B、用于表示距離、價(jià)格的名詞后e. g. Its about an hours drive from here.C、用于表示國(guó)家、城市等地方的名詞e. g. Its the c

19、itys finest park.名詞所有格所修飾詞的省略表示住處、店鋪等地點(diǎn)名詞?？墒÷詄. g. Im going to my aunts tonight.(my aunts=my aunts house)所有格所修飾的詞，如剛剛提到則可以省略，以避免重復(fù)e. g.Whose seat is this? Its Marys.表示所有關(guān)系的of短語(yǔ)的用法用of短語(yǔ)表示所有關(guān)系，主要用于無(wú)生命的東西e. g. the door of the room有時(shí)of短語(yǔ)也可以用于表示有生命的東西e. g. the son of an engineer雙重所有格的用法雙重所有格是一種表示部分概念或含有感

20、情色彩的結(jié)構(gòu)，它含有強(qiáng)調(diào)或者突出的作用，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“of短語(yǔ)+名詞所有格”，其含義是“其中之一”或“其中一部分”e. g. an old friend of my fathers=one of my fathers old friends注：有時(shí)雙重所有格與“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)含義不同，e. g. a picture of Lis 李所有照片的一張a picture of Li 李的一張肖像He is a friend of your husbands.他是你丈夫的一個(gè)朋友。（強(qiáng)調(diào)你丈夫的朋友不止一個(gè)）He is a friend of your husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。（強(qiáng)調(diào)他對(duì)你丈夫

21、的友好）*2012中考真題欣賞【2012湖北隨州】21. The _ often eat grass on the hill.A. chickenB. horseC. cowD. sheep【答案】D【解析】選D。此題考查名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。Chicken，horse和cow的復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該加s,而sheep的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，同時(shí)動(dòng)詞eat說(shuō)明應(yīng)該填復(fù)數(shù)形式，由此選D?！?012貴州貴陽(yáng)】34. “What do we need for the salad?” “We need two apples and three _.”A. orange B. tomatoes C. broccoli【答

22、案】B考查名詞的用法。orange意為“橘子”，是可數(shù)名詞；tomato意為“西紅柿”，是可數(shù)名詞；broccoli意為“西蘭花”，是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意：你們的沙拉還需要些什么？我們需要兩個(gè)蘋果和三個(gè)西紅柿。故選B.【2012貴州畢節(jié)】28. I have _ in learning English and Im so worried. Could you help me with it?Sure, Id love to.A. joyB. interestC. troubleD. fun【答案】C考查名詞的辨析。joy“快樂(lè)”；interest“興趣”；trouble“困難”；fun“有趣”

23、。根據(jù)“我很擔(dān)心”以及“你可以幫助我嗎”可知此處表示“我英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有困難”，故選C。【2012.安徽省】46. The man tried several times to start the car, and he succeeded_.A. in the pastB. in the endC. at firstD. at once【答案】B【2012廣東】28. The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many_ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. Rabbit【答案】C【2012廣西玉林】32. The

24、 Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _ from it.A. thingB. messageC. informationsD. information【答案】D【2012廣西玉林】36. What is your favorite food?I like _ best. I had a large bowl last night.A. potato noodleB. potatoes noodlesC. potato noodlesD. potatoes noodles【答案】C【2012貴州安順】12. Could you please

25、 give some _ to the _ teachers?A. advice; manB. advices; menC. suggestion; manD. suggestions; men【答案】D【2012貴州畢節(jié)】22. Could you please pass me something to eat?What about some _?A. waterB. orangeC. fishD. tea【答案】C 考查名詞的辨析。water“水”；orange“橘子汁；桔子”；fish“魚”；tea“茶”。根據(jù)something to eat可以判斷屬于吃的東西只有fish，故選C?！?

26、012貴州銅仁】25. Could you tell me whats the _ of it? Well, its an oval.A. timeB. dateC. shapeD. size【答案】C【解析】此題考查詞義辨析。time“時(shí)間”，date“日期”，shape”形狀”，his“尺寸”，根據(jù)答句句意：它是一個(gè)橢圓。故問(wèn)句應(yīng)該是問(wèn)形狀的。故選C。【解析】此題考查數(shù)詞。根據(jù)句意：今年大約五分之三的九年級(jí)學(xué)生出生在九十年代。分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞。分子不是一的，分母序數(shù)詞加S。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故選B?！?011湖北恩施】21. How far is it from

27、your home to school?Its about twenty _ walk.A. minutesB. minutesC. minutes【答案】B【2012湖北十堰】28. Heres Lucys plan for one week during her summer vacation. What kind of plan is this?A. A trip planB. A party planC. An eating planD. An exercise plan【答案】C【2012湖北武漢】33. If by any chance Peter comes to us ,ple

28、ase ask him to leave a _.A. letter B. sentenceC. message D. notice【答案】C【2012湖北咸寧】23.Mrs. Zhang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.She said she would never forget some pleasant _while working there.A. experimentsB. expressionsC. experiencesD. emotions【答案】C【2012湖北孝感】24. I t

29、hink computers are very useful. They can help us get much on the Internet.A. gameB. informationC. ideaD. message【答案】B【2012湖北孝感】25. Several years ago, people knew Yao Ming. But now he is well-known all over the world, not only in China.A. fewB. littleC. manyD. most【答案】A【2012湖北宜昌】31. Do you know the o

30、f the Confucius Institutes（學(xué)院）around the world?More than three hundred, I guess.A. listB. nameC. numberD. country【答案】C【2012湖北宜昌】32. China is beginning to test the air quality with the new standard（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）PM2.5.Good news! Then the old PM10 standard will be _.A. out of styleB. here and thereC. on the wayD

31、. in a hurry【答案】A【2012湖南懷化】【答案】A【2011湖南株洲】22. Bananas, apples and oranges are all _.A. fruits B. vegetables C. drinks【答案】A考查名詞辨析。fruits意為“水果”；vegetables意為“蔬菜”；drinks意為“飲料”。根據(jù)句意“香蕉蘋果和橘子都是水果?！惫蔬xA?！?012江蘇淮安】7. Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball in NBA.A. actorsB. playersC. waitersD. writers【答案】B【

32、2012江蘇南京】3. Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly?Yes, I think a _tree can help you a lot.A. grammarB. equationC. punctuationD. vocabulary【答案】D【2012江蘇無(wú)錫】1. The action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.A. 130-minuteB. 130-minutesC. 130 minuteD.130 minutes【答案】A【20

33、12江蘇無(wú)錫】9. Jason is too stubborn sometimes. I quite . But hes always friendly to others.A. acceptB. argueC. agreeD. admire【答案】C【2012江蘇無(wú)錫】12.Mans understanding of nature is developing . It never stays at the same level.A. at the right timeB. for the first timeC. from time to timeD. all the time【答案】D【2

34、012江蘇宿遷】8. Where can I buy some books, Simon?Go to the_in the shopping mall in Old Street. You will find many books there.A. restaurantB. bookshopC. cinemaD. library【答案】B【2012江蘇揚(yáng)州】4.Wish you a pleasant journey! Thanks! Ill give you a as soon as I arrive in Paris.A. ringB. handC. rideD. present【答案】A【

35、2012江蘇揚(yáng)州】5. We all know that paper burns in _.A. COB. NC. OD. CO【答案】C【2012江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】10. - Mr Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year.- Yes, I know. He told me he would never forget his pleasant _ while working there,A. experiments B. expressionsC. experiences D. explorations【答案】

36、C【2012江西】27. If you go to visit London, dont forget your _ because it rains a lot.A. passportB. moneyC. mapD. unbrella【答案】D【2012遼寧大連】10.The _ of the great book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, is Mark Twain.A. themeB. priceC. ownerD. writer【答案】D【2012遼寧大連】6.Liu Xiang won the first Olympic gold _ in the

37、 110m hurdles for China.A. medal B. prizeC. symbol D. record【答案】A【2012年廣東省】28. The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbit【答案】C*配套練習(xí)題及答案選擇填空：1. I want to buy _.A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks2.

38、They dont have to do _ today.A. much homework B. many homeworksC. many homework D. much homeworks3. The _ of machine made us feel sick.A. voice B. noiseC. sound D. noises4. The blouse is made of _.A. a woolB. these woodC. woolsD. wool5. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture.A. cows, sheeps B.

39、 cows, sheepC. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps6. June 1 is _.A. childrens day B. childrens DayC. Childrens Day D. Childrens day7. _ room is next to their parents.A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and JoanC. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan8. Miss Green is a friend of _.A. Marys mothers B. Marys motherC. Mary mot

40、hers D. mothers of Mary9. Tom is _. He will come to see me.A. my a friend B. a friendC. mine friend D. a friend of mine10. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white.A. is, are B. are, isC. is, is D. are, are11. Id like to have a glass of milk and _.A. two breads B. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of bre

41、ad D. two piece of bread12. Its a long _ to Paris. Its two thousand kilometers.A. street B. roadC. way D. end13. Many _ are singing over there.A. woman B. womenC. girl D. child14. He bought _.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoesC. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe15. Mr. White has three _.

42、A. child B. childrenC. childs D. childrens16. Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world.A. citys B. cityC. cityes D. cities17. Wheres Mr. White? Hes in _.A. the room 202 B. Room 202C. the Room 202 D. room 20218. Shops, hospitals and schools are all _.A. places B. homesC. rooms D. buildings19. Eve

43、ry morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walks B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk20. Are these _? No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows21. There are many _ in the fridge.A. fish B. fruitC. eggs D. bread22. Whose room

44、 is this? Its _.A. Li Ming B. Li MingsC. Li Mings D. Li Mings23. Here are _ for you, Sue.A. potatos B. some potatoesC. three tomatos D. some tomato24. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her.A. wish B. hopeC. wishes D. hopes25. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday.A. shop B. park

45、C. zoo D. garden26. Whats the Chinese for “ PRC”?A. 中國(guó)人民解放軍 B. 中華人民共和國(guó)C. 聯(lián)合國(guó) D. 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨27. Sam gave Ann some _ to look after Polly while he was away.A. picture-books B. inventionsC. instructions D. messages28. Which of the following animals lives only in China? The _.A. monkey B. elephantC. panda D. c

46、at29. _ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys30. The third month of the year is _.A. March B. JanuaryC. February D. April31. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottle of orangesC. two bottles of orange D. two bottles

47、 of oranges32. How wonderful! The _ is made of _.A. house, glass B. house, glassesC. houses, glass D. houses, glasses33. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. Janpaneses B. AmericanC. Chineses D. English34. _ is the best time for planting trees.A. Summer B. WinterC. Spring D

48、. Autumn35. Tom was badly hurt in the match. They carried him to the _ as quickly as possible.A. bank B. post officeC. shop D. hospital36. There are two _ in the room.A. shelf B. shelfsC. shelfes D. shelves37. There are seven _ in a week.A. years B. monthsC. days D. minutes38. My father is a _. He w

49、orks in a hospital.A. teacher B. doctorC. farmer D. writer39. Its very cold today. Why dont you put on your _?A. watch B. shirtC. sweater D. glasses40. Excuse me, are you _? Yes, Im from _.A. Japan, Japanese B. China, ChineseC. England, English D. American, America41. They took a lot of _ in the chi

50、ldrens park.A. photo B. photoesC. photos D. the photo42.There is _ in the bottle.A. no any orange B. not a orangeC. not any orange D. no oranges43. Maths _ an important subject taught in the middle school.A. are B. isC. was D. were44. There are more _ in this hospital than in that one.A. woman docto

51、rs B. women doctorC. womens doctor D. women doctors45. The _ eat a lot of rice.A. Japan people B. JapaneseC. Japaneses D. people of Japanese46. Two _ and five _ are studying Chinese at Beijing University.A. German, English B. Germans, EnglishC. Germans, Englishmen D. Germen, Englishmen47. Then the _

52、 began to eat the green _ of young trees.A. deer, leafs B. deer, leavesC. deer, leaf D. deers, leafs48. Would you like _ ?A. some rice B. any riceC. some rices D. any rices49. Dont hurry! We still have _ time left.A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few50. These mountains will be covered with tree in _

53、 .a few years time B. a few years timeC. a few years times D. a few years times參考答案1-5AABDB 6-10 CCADB 11-15 CCBAB16-20 DBDDA 21-25 CBBCA 26-30 BCCBA31-35 CADCD 36-40 DCBCD 41-45 CCBDB46-50 CBACB *結(jié)束第三章 冠詞（Articles）不定冠詞的用法a 、an與數(shù)詞one 同源，是一個(gè)的意思。a用于輔音音素前，而an則用于元音音素前。(1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物

54、時(shí),用不定冠詞起介紹作用，表示一個(gè)。I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天給了他一本書。(2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個(gè)代表一類。A horse is useful to mankind. 馬對(duì)人類有用。(3) 不定冠詞用在事物的單位前,如時(shí)間, 速度, 價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前,表示 每一。We often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。(4) 不定冠詞用來(lái)指某人某物,但不具體說(shuō)明任何人或任何物。A boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個(gè)小孩來(lái)找你。

55、(5)在序數(shù)詞前表示又一;再一時(shí)。如:I want to read the story a second time 我想再讀一遍這篇小說(shuō)。(6) 表示不特定的某一個(gè)時(shí)。如:A Mr. Smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生來(lái)電話找你 。(7) 在特定的短語(yǔ)里表示特定的含義，與不可數(shù)名詞連用，如：have a good time過(guò)得高興(8) 一日三餐前有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:-Mum, what shall we have for lunch? -Jiaozi.-Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.(

56、9) 在形容詞最高級(jí)前表示非常時(shí)。如：Lesson Nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isnt the most difficult One.(10)不定冠詞用于某些詞組中。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold /have a try / keep

57、an eye on / all of a sudden定冠詞的用法定冠詞the與指示代詞this, that, these, those同源，有那（這）個(gè) 這（那）些的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。以下為必須加定冠詞的情形:(1)在表示雙方都明白的人或物的名詞之前：Take the medicine.(2)在上文提到過(guò)的人或事的名稱之前：He bought a house.Ive been to the house.(3)在指世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞之前： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth(4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類

58、事物，如：The fox is cunning .狐貍是狡猾的。(5)與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。(6)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞only，very，same等前面e. g. Where do you live? I live on the second floor.(7)在表示.世紀(jì).年代的結(jié)構(gòu)之前 He began to learn Russian in the 1950s.但注意:in ones 50s意為在某人五十多歲時(shí)。如:He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s

59、.(8)在比較級(jí)的兩種句型中: 表示越 ,就越時(shí)。如: The lighter, the better. 越輕越好 。 表示兩者中比較.時(shí),用定冠詞。如: There are two books on the table. I like the thicker one.(9)用在動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位名稱的結(jié)構(gòu)中(注意:介詞常用in/on/by)。如: The ball hit me on the back.(10) 在表示計(jì)量單位的可數(shù)名詞前(注意:介詞用by)。如：The workers are paid by the hour/day/month.(11)用在某些由普通名詞

60、構(gòu)成的專有名詞前：the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城)，the Peoples Park(人民公園)等。(12)用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前：She plays the piano. / The little girl likes to play the violin.(13)定冠詞用在文藝活動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的名稱前。They are going to the cinema tonight.(14)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)(15)在方位名詞之前，如：in the west on the west(16)在某些短語(yǔ)中in the day, in