閱讀七選五答題要點(diǎn)與攻略 講義-2023屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、閱讀七選五答建點(diǎn)與總分值攻略義一、七選五文章特點(diǎn)與答題要點(diǎn).總分原那么七選五文章多為短小的說明文和議論文，詞數(shù)約200詞左右，其結(jié)構(gòu)清晰, 層次清楚。文章開篇多為整篇文章的主題段落（總），概括文章的主旨大意， 以下那么從幾個(gè)小的方面分別說明或闡釋（分）。有時(shí)在正文局部為了更具體地 介紹某些方法、觀點(diǎn)時(shí)也會(huì)采取進(jìn)一步的總分法。如：There are three main types of cryptography. 37 （E） For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidd

2、en message Meet me.,J38_You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message Meet me” would read u13 5 5 20 13 5二A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.

3、 To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.In any language, some letters are used more than others.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.As long as there have been codes, people has tried to break them.You can

4、hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【解析】第一句提到有三種密碼設(shè)置方法，37空提到了第一種方法，A code uses symbols to.”這段提到

5、了第三種方法是需要一本密碼書，因此38空應(yīng)該 是介紹第一種方法之后的第二種，故38空的答案應(yīng)該選G。.問答原那么因?yàn)槠哌x五多為說明文或議論文，必將經(jīng)常對(duì)某些問題進(jìn)行設(shè)問，而后進(jìn)行 解答。有問就有答，問什么就答什么。根據(jù)這一常識(shí)，做題時(shí)只要研究文章中 問題的設(shè)問特點(diǎn)及方式，對(duì)其補(bǔ)充一個(gè)相應(yīng)的回答，或者根據(jù)回答的方式賦其 一個(gè)合適的問題，選出答案就很簡(jiǎn)單了。如：The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well n

6、o matter what the future holds.Encourage kids to cook with you.And we cant forget science education.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? ?Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develops this skil

7、l.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.【解析】空后的By doing sth是表示方式的介詞短語，故可知此空應(yīng)該是一 個(gè)以how開頭的疑問句，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。.起承轉(zhuǎn)合原那么七選五試題主要考查文章的結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯聯(lián)系，必將用到大量的表示起承轉(zhuǎn)合 的銜接詞或過渡結(jié)構(gòu)。認(rèn)真研究這些詞語前后的內(nèi)容，如however, but, instead等后面的信息，t

8、hough （然而，不過）前面的內(nèi)容，有助于更好地把握 文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和大意。如：Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Do not buy it.The easiest is to

9、steam it.This is how you can do it.It just requires a little knowledge.The fish will go bad within hours.When buying fish, you should first smell it.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.【解析】根據(jù)空格后But后的信息“但似乎很多人不在家里烹飪魚?！焙涂崭?前的句意“每個(gè)人都知道魚對(duì)健康是有好處的?！笨芍?6空應(yīng)該是表示魚對(duì)人們 身體有益的方面的信息，選項(xiàng)中唯有G項(xiàng)符

10、合這一含義。二、七選五總分值攻略.依據(jù)主題，排除多余選項(xiàng)正式答題前先瀏覽整篇文章，掌握文章的大概內(nèi)容，七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中有的可能 會(huì)與文章的主題不相符甚至相互排斥，那么可將這些與主題無關(guān)的選項(xiàng)排除，常 ?？梢耘懦?2個(gè)，剩下六選五甚至五選五，在下一步選擇時(shí)便會(huì)容易很多。 如：Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry a

11、bout losing eyesight, but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：Eat your greens.Eye care should begin early in life.They can properly protect your eyes.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.Parents usua

12、lly dont care about their own eyesight.Always follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.【解析】通過預(yù)讀可知此文講述了怎樣保護(hù)視力，作者在文中提出了五條建 議。根據(jù)這一主題發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)D與主題完全無關(guān)，本文主要介紹的是關(guān)于保護(hù)視 力的建議；選項(xiàng)E與文章主題關(guān)系也不大，也可排除。通過排除這兩個(gè)多余選 項(xiàng)，剩下的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)，使得解題容易了很多。排除與主題無關(guān)的選項(xiàng)后，邊選邊排除，以

13、縮小范圍，剩下的選項(xiàng)碰對(duì)的機(jī) 會(huì)將會(huì)大大提高。.文章結(jié)構(gòu)中的“小秘密”如果仔細(xì)分析七選五文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多“小秘密”，答題時(shí)利用好這些 “小秘密”會(huì)起到事半功倍的效果。（1）標(biāo)題結(jié)構(gòu)如果考查段落標(biāo)題，先看看其他標(biāo)題的語言形式。一般情況下同一文章中的 幾個(gè)段落小標(biāo)題基本上是同一種結(jié)構(gòu)和語言表達(dá)形式。如果其他標(biāo)題是名詞短 語，那么所選答案也應(yīng)是名詞短語。如：Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more

14、 than the sum （總和）of its parts? _36 . 3ZSome people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers （月巴料）.38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that mig

15、ht explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall （回憶）your childhood memoriesKnow why you gardenFind a good place for your own gardenIts our experience of the garden that mattersIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowersStill others may simply enjoy being outdo

16、ors and close to plantsYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have【解析】第37題要求選擇小標(biāo)題。觀察下文的小標(biāo)題Recall （回憶）your childhood memories,可知這是一個(gè)祈使句，可判斷本標(biāo)題也應(yīng)用祈使句。七 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合要求，下文前兩句說做園藝有不同的原因， 再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句However, t

17、here are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知答案選 A。（2）句子結(jié)構(gòu)如果正確選項(xiàng)只是某個(gè)句子的一個(gè)局部，就要看看空后這個(gè)局部是不是句子, 如果是句子，看看是否有連詞，如果沒有連詞，要選的正確選項(xiàng)就應(yīng)是短語或 是帶有連詞的從句。如：Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs, 36 , buy the bes

18、t-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find.After six daysFor a good marathon runnerBefore you begin your trainingWith each day, increase the distance by a half mileIf they still feel good, you can begin running in themTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingNow you are ready t

19、o figure out a goal of improving distance and time【解析】從句式結(jié)構(gòu)上看，逗號(hào)后是祈使句，沒有連詞，正確答案要么是帶 有連詞的從句，要么是一個(gè)短語，選項(xiàng)中只有A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合，根據(jù) 空前句中的preparation （準(zhǔn)備），和常識(shí)可知是“訓(xùn)練前”，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。（3）詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)說話人在談?wù)撃硞€(gè)話題或主題時(shí)，與主題相關(guān)的詞語必定會(huì)以原詞、同義詞 或近義詞等形式在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，這種現(xiàn)象叫詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)。同一個(gè)詞的重復(fù) 出現(xiàn)叫原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；以同義詞的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，叫同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；以近義詞或近義表 達(dá)（意思相近，表達(dá)方式不同）的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，叫近義復(fù)現(xiàn)；以詞義

20、相同而 詞性不同的形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，叫同根復(fù)現(xiàn)。另外還有上義詞與下義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)（如： tragic是car, road的上義詞，而car, road貝U是adult的下義詞）。詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)是語篇銜接的一個(gè)重要手段，而七選五的特點(diǎn)就是考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)和 語篇銜接。因此，利用詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)對(duì)解答七選五試題十分管用。利用此法可將選 項(xiàng)縮小到2個(gè)選項(xiàng)的還有5道，也就是說，平均幾乎有一半的題僅用這一招就 可解決。如：People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags （落后）far behind code mak

21、ing. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.In any language, some letters are used more than others.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.As long as there have been codes, people has tried to bre

22、ak them.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【解析】本小題要求選擇承接句。下文“Code breaking never lags（

23、落后）far behind code making中，出現(xiàn)了 code breaking,七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中包含有 break 的 有 A、D 兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),根據(jù)“Code breaking never lags （落后）far behind code making.”的句意，可知答案選D。值得注意的是，并非凡與上句或下句有復(fù)現(xiàn)詞的選項(xiàng)就一定是正確選項(xiàng)，只 是正確的可能性更大，在解題過程中需重點(diǎn)考慮或優(yōu)選考慮而已。是否為正確 答案，還應(yīng)將含復(fù)現(xiàn)詞的選項(xiàng)代入原文，看該選項(xiàng)與上下文是否真的銜接，只 有上下文銜接緊密的選項(xiàng)才是正確的。（4）詞語同現(xiàn)所謂詞語同現(xiàn)，就是有相互關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語在上下文中有同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的可能性。

24、如 school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fall, pass, math, learn等這些詞就有可能在同一篇文章中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。如2016年全國III卷：There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices （調(diào)料）.Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes

25、 if it weighs about one pound.（A larger one will take more time.） Then, its ready to serve.Do not buy it.The easiest is to steam it.This is how you can do it.It just requires a little knowledge.The fish will go badly within hours.When buying fish, you should first smell it.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.【解析】空格前后出現(xiàn)了 cook, clean, spices （調(diào)料），plate, steam, pot等與廚房烹飪有關(guān)的詞語，只有B項(xiàng)才有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的同現(xiàn)詞匯。（5）代詞邏輯不可忽視。七選五試題重在考查上下文之間的銜接，而代詞是語篇銜接的重要手段之一。解題中善于利用代詞有