語法填空題的命題分析及解題技巧講義-中考英語復(fù)習(xí)備考

1、一、命題分析語法填空題是在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個(gè)空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或所提供單詞的正確形式（不多于3個(gè)單詞）。共有10個(gè)小題，分值15分。旨在考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)語法知識(shí)的掌握情況，著重考查考生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，體現(xiàn)了語言測試的交際性原則。其考查形式分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩種。1.給出提示詞的考查內(nèi)容包括：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞與副詞等的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）；名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化；形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)變化；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動(dòng)詞等。2.不給出提示詞的考查內(nèi)容包括：根據(jù)上下文語境填入冠詞、副

2、詞、連詞、代詞及介詞等。二、解題步驟（一）通讀全文，把握大意解題之前，我們首先應(yīng)通讀全文，了解大意。這一步很重要，因?yàn)橐恍┛崭袷且ㄟ^對(duì)全文結(jié)構(gòu)的整體把握來確定正確答案的。此外，謂語動(dòng)詞也必須在把握動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間后才能確定其時(shí)態(tài)。（二）結(jié)合語境，試填空格讀懂材料以后，要結(jié)合所提供的特定語言環(huán)境，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析設(shè)空處所缺單詞的意思及詞性，從上下文的邏輯及搭配的關(guān)系去確定所給提示詞在文章中的正確形式。（三）再讀全文，驗(yàn)證復(fù)查在解題過程中要先易后難，難題在大部分空格填好后，再經(jīng)過仔細(xì)推敲，難題也就不會(huì)再難了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章從頭至尾復(fù)讀一遍，糾正之前錯(cuò)誤，最后確定正確答案。三、解

3、題技巧（一）不給出提示詞填空題的解題技巧這種考查形式主要考查考生對(duì)語篇的理解和邏輯關(guān)系的把握情況以及對(duì)習(xí)語和常見句式的掌握程度?？疾榈膬?nèi)容主要涉及連詞、冠詞、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句和特殊句式等。由于沒有提示詞，因此需要考生根據(jù)短文大意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及對(duì)一些長難句結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和理解等來確定空格處在句中的功能，界定其詞性，進(jìn)而明確其意義，最后確定其正確形式。1. 如果句子缺主語或賓語，一般填代詞?！究祭?】 Do you， for instance， feel that too much is being expected of ， and yet find it impossible t

4、o say no？解析：you。主句的主語是you，所以賓語從句中仍然使用賓格you作為介詞of的賓語。【考例2】 When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop ignoring me， he says， “In a minute，” but still checks to see if has posted something new on the internet.解析： someone/somebody。賓語從句中缺主語，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填someone/somebody。2. 名詞前面若沒有限定詞（冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代

5、詞等），很可能填限定詞?！究祭?】 The adobe dwellings（土坯房） built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.解析： the。形容詞最高級(jí)前加the。【考例4】 Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned farm， which looked almost abandoned. 解析： a。farm在文

6、中是第一次出現(xiàn)，且表示泛指。3. 如果句子不缺主語、表語或賓語，在名詞或代詞前面一般填介詞?！究祭?】 In India， for example， most people traditionally eat their hands. 解析： with。with+表示具體工具的名詞，意為“用”。【考例6】 The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years. 解析： for。此處for表示時(shí)間的長短。4. 若兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，則可能填連詞?！究祭?】 In much of Asia， es

7、pecially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China， Japan， Korea， Vietnam， food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析： and。此處列舉了一些亞洲國家，它們之間是并列關(guān)系。【考例8】 But the river wasnt changed in a few days even a few months. 解析： or。此處表示選擇關(guān)系，指那條河流沒有在幾天內(nèi)或幾個(gè)月內(nèi)發(fā)生改變。5. 若兩個(gè)句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號(hào)、破折號(hào)或句號(hào)，一般填并列連詞或從屬連詞。（1）并列句【考例9

8、】 It was time for her to have a new baby， it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析： and。此處兩個(gè)分句之間為并列關(guān)系，故使用and。（2）名詞性從句【考例10】 Eventually， I decided to follow her and happened truly amazed me. 解析： what。連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作主語?！究祭?1】 Hes so addicted to it that he just cant stand the idea

9、 34 there may be an important text.解析： that。連接詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，且在從句中不作成分。【考例12】 I didnt understand 20 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 解析： why。連接副詞why引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作狀語表示原因。（3）定語從句【考例13】 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the

10、mid-1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析： when。先行詞the mid-1980s指時(shí)間且定語從句中不缺少主干成分，缺少狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when來引導(dǎo)?！究祭?4】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.， i

11、nfluenced the develop-mint of chopsticks.解析： who。先行詞Confucius（孔子）指人，非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，故填who?！究祭?5】 Id skipped nearby Guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 解析： that/which。本題中定語從句的先行詞指物，定

12、語從句中缺少主語，故填that/which。（4）狀語從句【考例16】 Over time， the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析： as/when。as/when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。【考例17】 The first parking space I found was convenient， but Id noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. I was in a good

13、mood， I let her have it. 解析： As/Because/Since。as/because/since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。6. 若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，則很可能填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或疑問的助動(dòng)詞（do， does， did等）?！究祭?8】 Remember， however， that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is， you always rely just on the Internet for your resear

14、ch.解析： shouldnt。由前文“you should usually consult different types of sources”可知，空格處應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shouldnt，表示“不應(yīng)該”。【考例19】 Then the driver stoop up and asked， “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” 解析：Did。本句為一般疑問句，且全篇文章是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，故用do的過去式。7. 根據(jù)特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。（1）根據(jù)“it isthat.”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that?！究祭?0】 But lik

15、e so many other things， it is only too much stress 34 does you harm.解析： that ?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型，本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語only too much stress。（2）根據(jù)倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成部分倒裝條件的only， so， neither， never， hardly等，還是填do， does， did等。【考例21】 Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. 解析： did?！皀ot until.”位于句首時(shí)，主

16、句要用部分倒裝，且主從句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故填did。（3）根據(jù)it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷，空格處是否填it?！究祭?2】 Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.解析： it。it作形式主語，替代真正的不定式主語“to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father”。（4）根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配判斷?！究祭?3】

17、 But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析： to?？疾閯?dòng)詞的固定搭配go back to“追溯到”?！究祭?4】 So， get an early start and try to be as productive 6

18、5 possible before lunch. 解析： as?？疾榱?xí)慣用法asas possible“盡可能地”。8. 根據(jù)常識(shí)和上下文語境來判斷語義和詞形。【考例25】 Unbelievable！ Oh.， if you dont mind， Ill stop and take a deep . 解析： breath。根據(jù)上下文語境，Peter認(rèn)為這樣的事情是不可能的，所以他想深呼吸讓自己平靜下來。【考例26】 Every kind of communication is important. It is important what kind of call we make or let

19、ter we send. What is important is that we let others know we care about them. 解析： not。根據(jù)句意“打何種電話，寄何種信件不重要，重要的是我們要讓對(duì)方知道我們在乎他們?！笨芍?，填not。（二）給出提示詞填空題的解題技巧。1. 若句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所填動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞，需要考慮動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及數(shù)的變化?！究祭?7】 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow （be） often acceptable.解析：

20、 is?？疾橹髦^一致，單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，視為單數(shù)?！究祭?8】 In recent years， stress （regard） as a cause of a whole range of medical problems， from high blood pressure to mental illness.解析： has been regarded。 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，本句的時(shí)間狀語in recent years常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，且句子主語stress與動(dòng)詞regard構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。2. 若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，所填動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。

21、用動(dòng)詞-ing形式（動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞）、-ed形式還是不定式形式，確定的方法主要有以下幾種：（1） 作賓語，通常用動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式形式?！究祭?9】 My ambassadorial duties will include （introduce） British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research Centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 解析： introducing。動(dòng)詞include后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。【考例30】 In addition to

22、 their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without （use）electric equipment. 解析： using。介詞without后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語?！究祭?1】 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver， but he refused （stop） until we reached the next stop. 解析： to stop。動(dòng)詞ref

23、use后接不定式作賓語。（2）作表語，通常用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞形式。一些表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，用過去分詞作表語時(shí)，多位于系動(dòng)詞（be， become， feel， get， look， seem等）之后，表示主語本身（一般為人）“感到的”；用現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時(shí)，表示主語（一般為物） “令人的”?！究祭?2】 Do you find yourself getting impatient or （annoy） with people over unimportant things？解析： annoyed。空格處和形容詞impatient構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系和系動(dòng)詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，填annoyed“惱怒的，

24、生氣的”，表示你變得生氣。【考例33】 For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt （please）， because there were many empty seats in the room. 解析： pleased?？崭裉幵谙祫?dòng)詞feel后構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，填pleased“高興的”，表示Mary感到高興。（3）作定語，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞形式。不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作?！究祭?4】 But my connection with pandas goes back

25、 to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， when I was the first Western TV reporter （permit） to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析： permitted。被修飾名詞 reporter和permit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語?！究祭?5】 For 25 days， she never left her baby， not even to find Something （eat

26、）！ 解析： to eat。動(dòng)詞不定式作something的后置定語?！究祭?6】 Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people （live） in Shanghai and Hong Kong.解析： living。被修飾名詞people和live之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。（4）作狀語，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞形式。作目的狀語或者在形容詞后作狀語，一般用動(dòng)詞不定式形式?！究祭?7】 Skille

27、d workers also combine various hardwoods and metal （create）Special designs. 解析： to create。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語?！究祭?8】 When a new day breaks， the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough （cool） the house during the hot day.解析： to cool?！靶稳菰~+enough”后接不定式作結(jié)果狀語。作時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨狀語，常用分詞形式。與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在

28、分詞；與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用過去分詞?！究祭?9】 People probably cooked their food in large pots， （use） twigs（樹枝） to remove it.解析： using。use與邏輯主語people之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語表示主動(dòng)?！究祭?0】 （shock）， I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. 解析： Shocked。shock與邏輯主語I之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)。（5）作補(bǔ)語，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去

29、分詞形式。不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作?！究祭?1】 As I back into my car， I saw the same lady （look） in at me. 解析： looking?？崭裉幾鞲泄賱?dòng)詞see的賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù)“同一位女士看著我”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞looking表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。【考例42】 While she was getting me （settle） into a tiny but clean room， the head of the village was tying up his horse

30、to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.解析： settled?？崭裉幾魇挂蹌?dòng)詞get的賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù) “我是被她安置在房間里”，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。3. 作表語（系動(dòng)詞之后）、定語（修飾名詞）或補(bǔ)語（表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)），通常用形容詞形式?！究祭?3】 Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very

31、（care） mother. 解析： caring或careful。修飾名詞mother應(yīng)用形容詞?！究祭?4】 Just be （patience）.解析： patient。系動(dòng)詞be后接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)4. 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子用副詞形式?！究祭?5】 The title will be （official） given to me at a ceremony in London. 解析： officially。修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞。【考例46】 （lucky）， he also had a cow which produced milk every day.解析： Luckil

32、y。修飾整個(gè)句子要用副詞?！究祭?7】 He must be （mental） disabled.解析： mentally。修飾形容詞disabled，要用副詞。5. 形容詞和副詞還要看是否有比較等級(jí)的變化，即用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。【考例48】 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work， you should take a step back and identify （識(shí)別）those of （great）and less importance.解析： greater。空格處與比較級(jí)less是并列關(guān)系?！究祭?9】 Inside w

33、as a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was （nice）gift Id ever received， and I was from a complete stranger.解析： the nicest。根據(jù)定語從句“Id ever received”可知，空格處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式。6. 作主語、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語時(shí)，前面可能有形容詞修飾，一般用名詞形式。【考例50】 Then， handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of （

34、achieve）.解析： achievement。介詞of后接名詞形式作賓語?！究祭?1】 Any smell might attract natural （enemy） that would try to eat the little panda.解析： enemies。動(dòng)詞后接名詞形式作賓語，此處natural enemies“天敵”，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。7. 在指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞或者“冠詞（+形容詞）”后，常用名詞形式?！究祭?2】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， who lived from ro

35、ughly 551 to 479 B.C.， influenced the （develop） of chopsticks.解析： development。冠詞the后接名詞，the+名詞+of.意為“的”?！究祭?3】 In addition to their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their （able） to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 解析： ability。形容詞性物主代詞their后接名詞。8. 當(dāng)確

36、定所填的詞是名詞時(shí)，要考慮該名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，若是可數(shù)名詞，要注意單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?！究祭?4】 The nursery team switches him every few （day） with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed， the other is with mum she never suspects. 解析： days。few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。9. 代詞可能涉及人稱代詞的主格與賓格、形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞以及反身代詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換?！究祭?5】 On my recent visit， I held a livel

37、y three-month-old twin that had been rejected by （it） mother.解析： its。修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞，此處指代前面的twin，故用its?！究祭?6】 Then the driver stoop up and asked， “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ？” A woman on the bus shouted， “Oh dear ！ It is （I）”.解析： me /mine。此處可理解為“丟行李箱的人是我”或者“那個(gè)行李箱是我的”。10. 括號(hào)中所給詞是動(dòng)詞，也有

38、可能是考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，涉及動(dòng)詞與名詞、形容詞或副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。【考例57】 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires， Asias biggest building， and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me， pandas are its top （attract）. 解析： attraction。形容詞top后面跟名詞形式。【考例58】 When we were wondering what to do， the manager came out. She was （surprise） helpful.解析： surprisingly。副詞surprisingly在句