2018中考語法講解與練習(xí)14-主謂一致

1、2018中考語法講解與練習(xí)14主謂一致英語語法是英語的重要部分，在中考的選擇題、語法填空、改錯、造句以及作文都會涉及，本套練習(xí)從既有講解又有練習(xí)，是復(fù)習(xí)的好資料，提分的好助手。語法講解：一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必定依照三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tomisagoodstudent.湯姆是個好學(xué)生。Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。2.意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)

2、，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.這本書20美元太貴了。就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最湊近他的主語。比方：Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.不但老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、主謂一致?？碱}

3、型單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可以數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThedeskisToms.這張桌子是湯姆的。Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“好多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.好多學(xué)生到過上海。morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不僅

4、一個學(xué)生從前往過北京。表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些平常作一個整體看法，謂語用單數(shù)形式。比方：Twomonthsisalongholiday.兩個月是一個長假。Twentypoundsisntsoheavy.20英鎊其實不太重。Tenmilesisntalongdistance.10英里其實不是一段很長的距離。Fiveminusfourisone.5減4等于1。5.主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Ever

5、ymanandeverywomanisatwork.每個男人和女人都在工作。oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一個半小時足夠了。動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Toseeistobelieve目擊為實。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一兩個學(xué)生考試不及格。9.當主語部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwi

6、th，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+aswellas+名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應(yīng)與第一個名詞一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysThestudentsaswellastheteacherplayingfootball邁克像他的哥哥相同喜歡踢足球。werepresentatthemeeting.10.由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或看法時

7、，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分以下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)11.people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個詳盡成員時，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Peoplehereare

8、veryfriendly.這兒的人很友好。Hisfamilyisntlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齊了嗎？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有弊端。Nobodywasin.沒有人在家。13.each,either,neither,anothe

9、r,theother作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neitheransweriscorrect.兩個答案都不正確。14.以s結(jié)尾的名詞自己不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語平常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths,physics等，Nonewsisgoodnews.沒有信息就是好信息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。15.由bothand連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,eitheror，neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut,連接兩

10、個名詞或代詞作主語時，依照就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseNotonlyyoubutalsoheisknowstheanswer.readytoleave.若是either,each,neither作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.16.若是主語是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式Aseriesofpre-rec

11、ordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.。但avarietyof,anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;.而thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthoundred17以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞平常與周邊的主語一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herearesomebook

12、sandpaperforyou.18.the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象看法時，用單數(shù)形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。三必定與否定一致以下形容詞、副詞、代詞從必定句變成否定句時須作相應(yīng)的變化。Wevehadsome(money).Wehaventhadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.Iwasnttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.H

13、ehasarrivedalready.Hehasntarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.Liisntcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.Neitherofusaregoing.Helikesbothofthem.Hedoesntlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語序。MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.ShedoesntlikejazzandneitherdoI.練習(xí)：1、NextSaturdaythere_goingto_aflowershowinthe

14、parkwhichwevisitedlastmonth.Ais;beBis;haveCwas;beDwas;have2、Whatsonthedesk?There_adictionaryandsomeflowers.Theflowersareverybeautiful.AareBisCwasDwere3、There_adogandsomecatsinthepicture.AareBisCwillDdo4、WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesepeopleinChina?Idontthinkso.Now_theyoung_theolda

15、relearningtospeakEnglish.Aneither;norBeither;orConly;exceptDnotonly;butalso5、Notonlyyoubutalsoeveryonehere_watchingfootballmatches.AlikesBlikeCislike6、Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,_comingsoon.A.areB.isC.wereD.does7、Twomonths_alongtime.Wecanvisitourgrandparentsduringthevacation.A.amB.isC.are8、Everyon

16、einEnglandChristmas.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.willenjoyD.enjoys9、TheticketsofthefilmZootopiaarehardtoget.Thefilmmakesbothadultsandchildren_.A.becomingpositiveB.becomepositiveC.tobecomepositive10、NeithermywifenorImyself_abletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am11、Notonlytheteacherbutals

17、othestudentsenjoyingthefilmatthatmomentA.areB.isC.wereD.was12、Theteachersaidthattheearth_aroundthesun.A.wentB.goesC.willgoD.going13、Ourteachertoldusinclasstheeartharoundthesun.A.travelingB.totravelC.travelsD.traveled14、Jimoften_tothelibraryonweekends.Helikesreadingbooks.A.willgoB.isgoingC.goesD.went

18、15、ThesupermarketisfarfromMaryshouse.Soshe_onlyonceaweek.A.goesshoppingB.hasbeenthereC.wasshoppingD.hasgonethere16、-Whoisthatlady?-ShesMissGreen.Sheusmusic,andsheissogood.A.taughtB.teachesC.willteachD.isteaching17、BothyouandI_wrong.A.wasB.amC.wereD.is18、Ilikethatmusic,butthelyrics_goodenough.A.arent

19、B.areC.isntD.is19、NotonlytheybutalsoI_interestedinfootball.Messiismyfavouritestar.A.beB.amC.isD.are20、Hislegsareverylongandthey_underthedesk.A.notfitB.dontfitC.arentfitD.doesntfit21、There_fresherairandgreenertrees.A.areB.isC.was22、Threeyears_alongtimetobecutofffromcontactwithyourfriends.A.areB.wereC

20、.isD.be23、Agroupofboysandgirls_dancinginthepark.AisBareCbeDdid24、“Ithinkneitherthisbooknorthatonemine.”hesaid.A.areB.isC.wereD.was25、NobodyexceptTomandMary_intheclassroom.Theotherstudentsarewatchingthebasketballgameontheplaygroundnow.AamBisCareDwas26、_myfather_mymotherisbusyatwork,soIhavetolookafter

21、myself.ABoth;andBNeither;norCNotonly;butalsoDEither;or27、Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeafarm.Andthere_manyanimalsonit.AhasBisChaveDare28、Manyastudent_thatmistakebefore.AhadmadeBhasbeenmadeChavemadeDhasmade29、Sixmonths_toolongforachildlivingalone.AareBisCwaitDwaits30、Noonewhocanplaywell_herenow.Ei

22、therofyou_thechancetowin.Ais;hasBis;haveCare;hasDare;have31、Thepolice_thatthecriminal_ontherun.Areport;isBreport;areCreports;isDreports;are32、Thesingerandactor_awonderfulperformance.AgiveBgivesCisDare33、Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.AisnotdecidedBarenotdecidedChasnotbeendecidedDhavenotbeendec

23、ided34、There_twofootballmatchesinthegym（體育場）nextweekAwillbegoingtoBwillhaveCisgoingtobeDaregoingtobe35、Everyoneinourclass_AenjoystoswimBenjoytoswimCenjoysswimmingDenjoyswimming36、Therestofthestudents_notallowedtoleavetheclassroomatthattime.A.areB.isC.wasD.were37、-Ourschoolisbeautiful!-Itwillbemorebe

24、autifulifmoretreesandgrass_byus.AplantBplantsCisplantedDareplanted參照答案一、選擇題1、A2、B3、B4、D5、A6、B7、B8、D9、B10、D11、C12、B13、C14、C15、A16、B17、C18、A19、B20、B21、B22、C23、B24、B25、B26、C27、D28、D29、B30、A31、A32、B33、C34、D35、C36、D37、D2018年中考資料介紹英語部分中考詞匯辨析122組2.中學(xué)英語詞組大全3.初中必背的英語重點詞組句型中考英語詞組必考必備中考英語各種題型的解題技巧6.2018中考英語閱讀每天練系列平常生活類7.2018中考英語完形每天練系列平常生活類8.2018中考英語閱讀每天練系列人生百味類9.2018中考英語完形每天練系列人生百味、科普宣傳類10.2018中考英語閱讀每天練系列科普宣傳類11.2