高考英語閱讀能力提升-整體閱讀與文體結(jié)構(gòu)探究-課件

1、高考閱讀能力提升 整體閱讀與文章結(jié)構(gòu)探究1高考閱讀能力提升 整體閱讀與文章結(jié)構(gòu)探究1閱讀理解理解作者意圖，觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度（1-2個(gè)）理解具體信息（多個(gè)，減少）做出推理和判斷（多個(gè)，增多）猜測(cè)詞義（1）理解主旨要義（1）理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)（1個(gè)，貫穿）考綱要求2閱讀理解理解作者意圖，觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度（1-2個(gè)）理解具體信息（多Lead-inWhat would you do when you are trying to write an article?Theme Topic sentenceSupporting information3Lead-inWhat would you do when Learn

2、ing首段(先立論后擺事實(shí)講道理) 正三角形（）總分結(jié)構(gòu) 尾段(先擺事實(shí)，后作結(jié)論) -倒三角形（） 分總結(jié)構(gòu) 文中(先引入話題，中間分析，最后總結(jié)) -棱形（） 總分總結(jié)構(gòu) 文中(次要-主要-次要) 沙漏形（ ） 分總分結(jié)構(gòu) 主旨不明顯，隱含在段意中，可根據(jù)已知細(xì)節(jié)歸納中心思想 -矩形（） -形散神不散（故事類文章）Five kinds of structures:4Learning首段(先立論后擺事實(shí)講道理) 文章結(jié)構(gòu) 題目/首段 （核心詞） - 文章話題中心 確立文體和結(jié)構(gòu) （應(yīng)用文/議論文/說明文） 支撐段或擴(kuò)展段 讀出四要素 - 確立記敘文和結(jié)構(gòu)段落結(jié)構(gòu) 主題句(Topic Sent

3、ence)，即本段話題中心（常為段首句） 支撐句或擴(kuò)展句(Developing Details)How to make fast-reading?5文章結(jié)構(gòu) How to make fast-readi If there is one thing Im quite sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we still be reading newspapers. Not those newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get most of the news from

4、 the television or have the radio switched on in the background or in the car. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation. The nature of what is news may change. What essentially (本質(zhì)上) makes news is what a

5、ffects our lives the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though. Its already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering. In the

6、future I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we doas we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are. Its quite possible that in the next century newspaper will be transmitted electronically from Fleet Street and

7、 printed out in our own homes. In fact, Im pretty sure that that is how it will happen in the future. Youll probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to readsports and international news etc. 1 I think people have got it wrong when they t

8、alk about the competition between the different media. 2 They actually feed off each other. 3 Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasnt happened. 4 What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air.5 And as for t

9、he Internet, its never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.6 If there is one thing Im qu整體閱讀：本文共有4個(gè)自然段，各個(gè)段落之間為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文體為議論文。Para1：Topic sentence：If there is one thing Im quite sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we still be reading newspapers.講述作者的觀點(diǎn),即一百年后人們?nèi)砸x報(bào),為全文的中心段Pa

10、ra2：topic sentence：The nature of what is news may change. 即新聞的本質(zhì)會(huì)改變。Para3：講述讀者將會(huì)根據(jù)自己的興趣編輯報(bào)紙。Para4：topic sentence：I think people have got it wrong when they talk about the competition between the different media. 即人們錯(cuò)誤地談?wù)摿嗣襟w間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。7整體閱讀：7細(xì)節(jié)閱讀Para4段落結(jié)構(gòu)梳理: 第一句是主旨句 第二句(They actually feed off each other.)講

11、各種媒體互相依靠, 第三句(Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasnt happened.)講,有些人預(yù)測(cè)電視會(huì)使報(bào)紙消失,但是這并沒有發(fā)生, 第四句(What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air.)講,打印的材料比電視上的圖片和聲音延續(xù)的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng), 第五句(And as for the Internet, its never

12、really pleasant to read something just on a screen.)講至于說到網(wǎng)絡(luò),人們不會(huì)只滿足于閱讀屏幕上的材料,還需要看報(bào)紙來迎合個(gè)人的習(xí)慣。支持細(xì)節(jié)句8細(xì)節(jié)閱讀支持細(xì)節(jié)句8So easy！解題：1. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Best Way to Get New B. The Changes of Media C. Make Your Own Newspaper D. The Future of Newspaper 9So easy！解題：9 從_閱讀_閱讀： _(中心)_(分層)

13、_(聯(lián)絡(luò))整體閱讀看什么？ _,_,_,_閱讀思路總結(jié):10 從_閱讀_整體閱讀細(xì)節(jié)閱讀全文(中心)段落(分層)單句(聯(lián)絡(luò))整體閱讀要看：結(jié)構(gòu)，文體，中心話題，主題句，上下文關(guān)系閱讀思路總結(jié)11閱讀思路總結(jié)11Tips：1.科普類閱讀理解說明文 文體特點(diǎn)1.專業(yè)術(shù)語、復(fù)合詞、縮略詞及利用前后綴構(gòu)成的派生詞 2. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，長(zhǎng)難句較多，考生對(duì)其望而生畏，不知如何下手特別提醒：內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單的文章，題目的思維含量高，難度大，如故事類。內(nèi)容龐雜、生詞術(shù)語較多的文章，題目卻相對(duì)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單。（命題者調(diào)控試卷難度的手段） 切入點(diǎn)：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，段落清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)。事物說明文總分式，其中“分”

14、的部分又常按并列方式安排事理說明文遞進(jìn)式，一層一層剖析事理?？破照f明文總分總，即Practice time12Tips：Practice time12 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the ci

15、ty experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to pe

16、rform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every

17、day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow（發(fā)光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the

18、amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that w

19、ould last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（電源）such as the distance

20、 from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（傳輸）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 13 The connection between peopl32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants. B. A big

21、fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollut

22、ion-free?1432. What is the first paragrap語篇分析：整體閱讀：本文共有_個(gè)自然段，各個(gè)段落之間為_結(jié)構(gòu)，文體為_。Para1：Topic sentence：_Para2：Topic sentence：_Para3：Topic sentence: _Para4: Topic sentence： _Para5: Topic sentence： _15語篇分析：15 消息報(bào)道類新聞即刻告訴讀者發(fā)生了什么事情 主要內(nèi)容高度概括在前面前三段或者第一段，再一一講解前因后果 切入點(diǎn)：熟悉新聞?lì)惖牡菇鹱炙Y(jié)構(gòu) 2.Tips: 新聞?lì)愰喿x理解16 消息報(bào)道類新聞即刻告訴讀

23、者發(fā)生了什么事情2 Londons newest skyscraper (摩天大樓) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the be

24、tter. 58 Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps B. The Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectC. The Shard: New Symbol of London? D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?17 Londons newest skys3. tips：故事類閱讀理解183. tips：故事類閱讀理解18Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds

25、 old military(軍隊(duì)的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Pi

26、ccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finallyreached her, the

27、woman flooded him with questions: Who are you？What antique shop？ However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. At that point, I knew she meant business, Zac says. To drive eight hours to

28、come to see me. The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure. This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions（場(chǎng)合）would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands, Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldnt understand why the medal was so s