Unit 1 英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)

1、Unit 1 英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)法知識(shí)，就必須建立起一個(gè)語法框架 語法的學(xué)習(xí)有了清晰的邏輯。我們的目標(biāo)就是幫助考生構(gòu)建以五個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句為基干的體系。由這就是我們?yōu)槭裁匆婚_篇先來學(xué)習(xí)五個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的原因 簡(jiǎn)單句，絕不簡(jiǎn)單。Chapter1句型一： SV 主語謂語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中最為簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)同時(shí)也表明在英語中要想將詞語 組成一句話至少需要具備兩個(gè)成分(Subject)和謂（動(dòng)詞）(Predicate 。主語是一個(gè)句子陳述的對(duì)象或者話題，是句子狀語用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，說明行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式和比較等、通過添加定語和狀語，句子可以用來表達(dá)更加豐富的內(nèi)容。句子The su

2、n 太陽升起。 SVI sing.我唱歌。S VShesmiles.她微笑SV上面幾個(gè)句子都只有兩個(gè)成分，即主語和謂語（動(dòng)詞。既可以作不及物動(dòng)詞也可以句子的擴(kuò)張The baby is sleeping.SVThe babyissleepingin theroom.SV?The babyissleepingin the room atnight.SV?The baby issleeping quietlyin the room at night.SV?中的狀語之一 （短語）有 : come, go, happenlaughsleepstayswimwork, walktake place等。核心

3、練習(xí)請(qǐng)?jiān)诰渥拥母鱾€(gè)成分上劃線并注明成分的名稱。He arrivedyesterday.She died in2000.The boy was cryingloudly.The man disappeared in thestreet.I slept well lastnight.Tom often swims in theriver.My sister works in thatfactory.The sun isrising.My watch hasstopped.It is snowinghard.Kate often studies at school atnight.My grandm

4、a coughed allnight.The farmer works veryhard.Both of them work in the schoollibrary.Kate is runningfast.The ship movesslowly.The children are readingcarefully.Mr. Smith speaks veryfast.They wont cometoday.You talk loudly.Chapter 2 句型二： SVP 主語系動(dòng)詞表語表語的定義：表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征。P Predictive, 表語表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征。由于形容詞是描述性

5、的，因此表語常常由形容詞來充當(dāng)。Heiscute.SVP 表明主語的性質(zhì)Heisfat.SVP 表明主語的特征ItisSapanda.VP 表明主語的身份be 表語，表明主語的性質(zhì)、特征或者身份。名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞可以作表語。ThesupermanisfromKrypton. 超人來自氪星。介詞短語ThesupermanisaKrypton. 超人是氪星人。名詞Thesupermanissuper. 超人超棒。形容詞Thesupermanis25. 25 歲了。數(shù)詞The task is to protect theearth.不定式超人的職責(zé)是保衛(wèi)地球。The ta

6、sk is protecting theearth.動(dòng)名詞主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞Sheisaprettygirl. 她是一位漂亮的女孩。You should stay calm when earthquakehappens.地震發(fā)生時(shí)你應(yīng)當(dāng)保持冷靜。ThePeking Ducktastesgood. 北京烤鴨嘗起來味道不錯(cuò)。Theleavesturnyellowinautumn. 秋天樹葉變黃。Thebadeggsmellsterrible. 這個(gè)壞雞蛋味道很難聞。（Linking , 只有連系動(dòng)詞才可以直接接形容詞作表語。連系動(dòng)詞主要有以下兩類：連連系動(dòng)詞.表感官sound,taste,fe

7、el, smell, look, seem表變化變化不變turn, go,become,get,fallstay,remain,stand,keep核心練習(xí)請(qǐng)?jiān)诰渥拥母鱾€(gè)成分上劃線并注明成分的名稱。The story isinteresting.He feels bettertoday.His job is taking care of thechildren.entt He wentmad.The weather is getting colder andcolder.Do you feelhappy?She is athome.He is older than helooks.He see

8、ms interested in thebook.I stayed awake all thenight.The weather still remained cold inApril.My work is to look after thebaby.She looks like hermother.Those roses looks smellbeautiful.The weather is going to stayfine.You have grown taller thanbefore.He stood quitestill.He became a teacher atlast.Is

9、he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japaneseteacher?Chapter3句型三： SVO 主語謂語賓語賓語的定義：是主語動(dòng)作與行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。TomwantsaniPad.SV想要的東西-iPad Theyarewatchingamovie.SV正在看的東西-電影Welovehim.SV愛的人-他Sheenjoyscooking.S V 喜歡做的事情-做飯IthinkI can drive well.SV認(rèn)為的事情-我能開好車（賓語從句）-主語來的緣由。核心練習(xí)請(qǐng)?jiān)诰渥拥母鱾€(gè)成分上劃線并注明成分的名稱。Tom built

10、a house lastyear.I bought a computer in the store lastyear.They knowhim.He enjoys listening tomusic.I find a box under thebed.Kate described thepicture.I hate to gothere.He remembered tellingyou.The flowers needwatering.We usually watch TV onSaturday.She has cleaned theroom.He liked collectingstamps

11、.I read every book in the schoollibrary.You can understandme.You will close thedoor.She decided towait.I met one of my friends inBeijing.He passed the exam lastyear.China has a largepopulation.He learned to ride a bikeyesterday.Chapter4句型四：SVDO IO 主語謂語間接賓語間接賓語（雙賓語）直接賓語定義：動(dòng)作的直接承受者（一般指物DO（Direct Objec

12、t）間接賓語定義：表示謂語動(dòng)作的方向或動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)（一般指人IOindirect 表示。間接賓語在句子中通常位于直接賓語之前，如果直接賓語是人稱代to 或 。我們先看一個(gè)句子：My father bought me a new bicycle.buy （直接賓語“我”是間接賓語）一個(gè)意思相同而順序有別的句子，即直接賓語直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后：My father bought a new bicycle for me.我們?cè)倏匆恍├觼砑由罾斫猓篢he old man toldthe childrena fable.間接賓語直接賓語The oldmantoldafabletothechildren.

13、直接賓語間接賓語This manneverlendsanyonemoney.間接賓語 直接賓語This manneverlendsmoneytoanyone.直接賓語間接賓語Pleasesendhimthe bestwishes.間接賓語 直接賓語Please sendthe best wishes直接賓語tohim.間接賓語The artist drewthis pretty girla portrait.間接賓語直接賓語Theartistdrewaportraitforthis prettygirl.直接賓語間接賓常帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：togiveshowsendbringreadlendl

14、eavetellreturn等。formakebuydoget, play等。核心練習(xí)請(qǐng)?jiān)诰渥拥母鱾€(gè)成分上劃線并注明成分的名稱。Mygood friend told me astory.Tom lend me apencil.Please hand me thepaper.My parents leave me somemoney.Mother got me somemoney.The fans made Lin Junjie a famousstar.I paid him threeyuan.He passed me anearaser.Tom teaches meEnglish.Would

15、 you sing us an Englishsong?I told the man asecret.I send you an emailyesterday.He showed me a beautiful statue in themuseum.A stranger passed me a piece of pizza in arestaurant.My art teacher is drawing me a portrait with apencil.I have saved you 100 yuan for your birthdaygift.She offered me a well

16、-paidjob.This little is singing us a pleasantsong.I bought my sister a pair of shoes 3 daysago.Her uncle let her a largefortune.Chapter 5 句型五: SVO C 主語謂語賓語補(bǔ)語賓語補(bǔ)足語定義：當(dāng)單獨(dú)的賓語不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)完整意思的時(shí)候，在就是賓語補(bǔ)足語。: 詞-ing 形式和動(dòng)詞不定式等。例如：Wefoundhiman honestperson.SVOC（賓語補(bǔ)足語）補(bǔ)充說明主語所 “found”的人（賓語）是什么樣的（人）Shesawhimeating in

17、the 。SVOC（賓語補(bǔ)足語）補(bǔ)充說明主語(she) “saw”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是以賓語（him）正在發(fā)生的行為(eating)為內(nèi)容。3. His mothertoldhimnot to watch SuperGirls.SVOC（賓語補(bǔ)足語）補(bǔ)充說明主語(his mother) “told”這個(gè)動(dòng)作施加到賓語 (him) 上的內(nèi)容（not to watch Super Girl）4. Wefoundheroutat 9:00.SVOC（賓語補(bǔ)足語）地點(diǎn)狀語補(bǔ)充說明主語(we ) “found”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是以賓語(her)目前的狀態(tài)(out)為結(jié)果。5. Keep the children quie

18、t, please. 這句話仿佛沒有主語。實(shí)際上，主語已被省略掉了。這句話是祈使句，其主語為 “you”。為了使句子顯得更加短促有力，配合祈使句的語氣，主語 you 就被省略掉了。(You)keepc drenquiet,please.SVOC（賓語補(bǔ)足語）感嘆詞補(bǔ)充說明主語 “keep”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是以安靜的效果來實(shí)施到 (children)上。核心練習(xí)請(qǐng)?jiān)诰渥拥母鱾€(gè)成分上劃線并注明成分的名稱。I watch the boy playingfootball.Lilly noticed two dogsfight.I looked at her flying akite.The lion ordered the hen to give him someeggs.He wanted you to go withhim.Lu Yang told the little boy to gohome.She asks me to helpher.Mom let mein.The teacher observes the boysleep.The teacher made her ourmonitor.Plea