骨科重要體表標(biāo)志TheBonesofLimbs培訓(xùn)課件

1、目的和要求1.掌握上肢帶骨、自由上肢骨、下肢帶骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形態(tài)及上、下肢骨的重要體表標(biāo)志。2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列。down Up 目的和要求1.掌握上肢帶骨、自由上肢骨、下肢帶骨、自由下肢 Each limb has a girdle and three segments .In the upper limb ,these are the shoulder girdle ,the upper arm ,the forearm and the hand .In the lower limb ,those are the pelvic girdle ,th

2、e thigh ,the leg and the foot . Each limb has a girdle一、The bones of upper limbs The bones of upper limbs include shoulder girdle上肢帶骨and the bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨. The shoulder girdle consist of the clavicle鎖骨 and the scapula肩胛骨 一、The bones of upper limbs The bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨inc

3、lude the bone of upper arm (humerus肱骨),the bones of the forearm (the radius橈骨 and ulna尺骨) and the bones of hand (the carpal bones腕骨, metacarpal bones 掌骨 and phalanges指骨) 一、The bones of upper limbs 一、The bones of upper limb1. The clavicle 鎖骨The Clavicle is S-shaped and curved rod of bone.The medial 2

4、/3 of the bone is convex forward whereas the lateral 1/3 is concave forward. (一) The shoulder girdle上肢帶骨1. The clavicle 鎖骨The ClavicleThe rounded medial (or sternal胸骨端)end jionts the sternum .The flattened lateral(or acromial肩峰端)end joints the scapula.1. The clavicle 鎖骨The rounded medial (or sternal

5、 The weakest part of the clavicle is at the junction of the middle and lateral thirds.1. The clavicle 鎖骨 The weakest part of the claThe scapula has three borders ,three angles and two surfaces.three bordersSuperior:scapular notch 肩胛切跡coracoid process 喙突Lateral (axillary) border腋緣Medial (vertebral) b

6、order脊柱緣2. The scapula 肩胛骨The scapula has three borders Three anglesSuperior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th ribLateral: glenoid cavity關(guān)節(jié)盂 2. The scapula 肩胛骨Three angles2. The scapula 肩胛骨Two surfacesAnterior surface : subscapular fossa肩胛下窩Posterior surface:supraspinous fossa岡上

7、窩infraspinous fossa岡下窩spine of scapula 肩胛岡acromion 肩峰2. The scapula 肩胛骨2. The scapula 肩胛骨 The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It has a body and two ends.Upper end:head of humerus肱骨頭anatomical neck解剖頸greater and lesser tubercles大、小結(jié)節(jié)surgical neck 外科頸1.The humerus 肱骨（二）The b

8、ones of free upper limbs The humerus is the longest an骨科重要體表標(biāo)志TheBonesofLimbs培訓(xùn)課件Shaft:1.deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆2.sulcus for radial nerve 橈神經(jīng)溝1.The humerus 肱骨Shaft:1.The humerus 肱骨骨科重要體表標(biāo)志TheBonesofLimbs培訓(xùn)課件Lower end:capitulum 肱骨小頭trochlea 肱骨滑車coranoid fossa 冠突窩radial fossa 橈窩 olecranon fossa鷹嘴窩 la

9、teral and medial epicondyles內(nèi)、外上髁 sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神經(jīng)溝1.The humerus 肱骨Lower end:1.The humerus 肱骨The radius is the lateral bone of the two in the forearm. It has a shaft and two ends.Upper end:head of radius橈骨頭neck of radius橈骨頸Lower end:styloid process 橈骨莖突ulnar notch尺切跡 carpal articular surfa

10、ce腕關(guān)節(jié)面2.The radius 橈骨The radius is the lateral boneFracture of the distal end of the radius Fracture of the distal end of The ulna lies medial to the radius in the forearm. It is also a long bone with two ends and a shaft.Upper end: olecranon鷹嘴 coronoid process 冠突trochlear notch滑車切跡 Lower end styloi

11、d process 尺骨莖突head of ulna 尺骨頭 3.The ulnar 尺骨The ulna lies medial to the ra骨科重要體表標(biāo)志TheBonesofLimbs培訓(xùn)課件Carpal bones 腕骨舟月三角豆大小頭狀鉤Metacarpal bones掌骨Phalanges of fingers 指骨Carpal bones 腕骨Metacarpal bone二、The bones of Lower Limb The lower limb which is similar to the upper ,is connected to the trunk by a

12、 girdle ,the pelvic girdle ,the free lower limb is divided into three segments ,the thigh ,the leg and the foot .二、The bones of Lower Limb The pelvic girdle is formed by a hip bone髖骨on each side .The bone of the thigh is the femur股骨 .The bones of the leg are the medial tibia脛骨 and the lateral fibula

13、腓骨 .The bones of the foot are composed of three parts , the tarsal bones跗骨, the metatarsal bones跖骨, the phalanges 趾骨二、The bones of Lower Limb The pelvic girdle iHip bone The hip bone of a newborn consists of three components: ilium髂骨, ischium坐骨, pubis恥骨(一）The pelvic girdle下肢帶骨Hip bone The hip bone o

14、f a new骨科重要體表標(biāo)志TheBonesofLimbs培訓(xùn)課件Body of ilium 髂骨體 Ala of ilium 髂骨翼iliac crest 髂嵴anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘anterior inferior iliac spine 髂前下棘tubercle of iliac crest髂結(jié)節(jié)1. The ilium髂骨1. The ilium髂骨posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘posterior inferior iliac spine 髂后下棘greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切

15、跡iliac fossa 髂窩arcuate line弓狀線1. The ilium髂骨posterior superior iliac spine2. The ischium 坐骨Body of ischium 坐骨體, ischial spine坐骨棘, lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切跡Ramus of ischium 坐骨支, ischial tuberosity 坐骨結(jié)節(jié)2. The ischium 坐骨 3. The pubis 恥骨Body of pubis 恥骨體iliopubic eminence 髂恥隆起Superior ramus of pubis 恥骨

16、上支:pecten of pubis 恥骨梳pubic tubercle 恥骨結(jié)節(jié)pubic crest 恥骨嵴symphysial surface恥骨聯(lián)合面Inferior ramus of pubis恥骨下支obturator foramen 閉孔 3. The pubis 恥骨Acetabulum 髖臼formed by bodies of ischium, ilium and pubis Lunate surface月狀面, acetabular fossa髖臼窩, acetabular notch髖臼切跡Acetabulum 髖臼formed by bodies 1. The fem

17、ur 股骨 The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body and consists of a shaft and two ends(二) The bones of free Lower Limb 1. The femur 股骨 TheUpper end:femoral head股骨頭fovea of femoral head 股骨頭凹neck of femur 股骨頸greater trochanter 大轉(zhuǎn)子lesser trochanter 小轉(zhuǎn)子intertrochanteric line 轉(zhuǎn)子間線intertrochant

18、eric crest 轉(zhuǎn)子間嵴 1. The femur 股骨 1. The femur 股骨Fracture of the femoral neckFracture of the femoral neckShaft:linea aspera 粗線gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆pectineal line恥骨肌線 popliteal surface 腘面 1. The femur 股骨Shaft: 1. The femur 股骨Lower end:medial and lateral condyles內(nèi)、外側(cè)髁medial and lateral epicondyles內(nèi)、外上

19、髁adductor tubercle 收肌結(jié)節(jié)intercondylar fossa髁間窩patellar surface髕面 1. The femur 股骨 1. The femur 股骨 The patella is a sesamoid bone, about 5cm in diameter, which is located in the front of the knee joint, embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is a flattend, oval bone with an apex downwards

20、. The posterior surface of the patella contains two articular surfaces for the medial and lateral condyles of the femur. 2. The patella髕骨 The patella is a sesamoidThe tibia is the larger and medial bone of the leg. It has a shaft and two ends.Upper end:medial and lateral condyles 內(nèi)、外側(cè)髁intercondylar

21、eminence 髁間隆起fibular articular surface 腓關(guān)節(jié)面tuberosity of tibia脛骨粗隆 3. The tibia 脛骨The tibia is the larger and meShaft: soleal line 比目魚肌線Lower end:fibular notch腓切跡medial malleolus 內(nèi)踝3. The tibia 脛骨Shaft:3. The tibia 脛骨 The fibula is located on the lateral side of the tibia. Upper end: fibular head 腓骨

22、頭, neck of fibula 腓骨頸Lower end: lateral malleolus 外踝4. The fibula 腓骨 The fibula is located on the 骨科重要體表標(biāo)志TheBonesofLimbs培訓(xùn)課件Tarsal bones 跗骨距跟舟三楔骰Metatarsal bones 跖骨Phalanges of toes 趾骨Tarsal bones 跗骨距跟舟三楔骰MetatarQuestionthe clavicle and the scapula. 上頁下頁 1What bones make up the shoulder girdle ？ th

23、e hip bone髖骨,the femur股骨 ,the tibia脛骨 the fibula腓骨 , the tarsal bones跗骨 the metatarsal bones跖骨, the phalanges趾骨2What bones comprise the lower limb？ Questionthe clavicle and the Up Summary Up Summary小結(jié) The bones of upper limbs include shoulder girdle上肢帶骨and the bones of free upper limb自由上肢骨.The shoulder girdle consist of the c