2023公開課標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程英語測評試卷(一)

1、機密啟用前2023屆全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試啟航教育公共課標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程根底階段測試卷英語第一次答題考前須知1本試卷考試時間150分鐘，總分值100分。2試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測試后核對。Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20

2、 points)1. A variety of small clubs can provide _ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.A durable B excessiveC surplus D multiple 2. By turning this knob to the right you can _ the sound from this radio.A amplify B enlarge C magnify D reinforce3. Under th

3、e _ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.A surroundings B settings C circumstances D environments4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man.A cancelled B abolished C refused D rejected5. We shall probably never be able to _ the exact nature of these sub-atomi

4、c particles.A assert B impart C ascertain D notify6. This diploma _ that you have completed high school.A proves B certifiesC secures D approves7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.A restrictively B radicallyC inclusively

5、D exclusively8. That sound doesnt _ in his language so its difficult for him to pronounce.A happen B take place C occur D run9. The security guard _ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.A expelled B propelledC repelled D dispelled10. In most cases politicians are _ as they seldom tell the truth

6、.A credible B credulous C incredulous D incredible11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _.A future B possibility C ability D opportunity12. Britain has the highest _ of road traffic in the worldover 60 cars for every mile of road.A density B int

7、ensityC popularity D prosperity13. CCTV programs are _ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.A transferred B transportedC transformed D transmitted14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _.A disposition B deficit C defect D discrepancy15.

8、 The government will _ a reform in the educational system.A initiate B initial C initiative D intimate16. Estimates _ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal governments st

9、udies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.A cover B change C differ D range17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _

10、 increasing.A ability B capability C capacity D faculty18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designers most important basic _ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its

11、 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated.A care B concernC attention D intention19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating

12、 explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep. A maintained B described C settled D afforded20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful e

13、mployment increasingly difficult to obtain. A affect B reduce C check D reflectSection II Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and em

14、otional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally21 person in good physical condition is not22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. Having a go

15、od self-image means that people have positive25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are27 like others. Having a good self-image is based28 a realistic, as well as

16、positive, or optimistic29 of ones own worth and value and capabilities. Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful30 of our society. People of all ages31 stress. Children begin to32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing33 in the lif

17、e of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well36 ano

18、ther may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individuals physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected. Satisfying social relations are vital to37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain

19、effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of40 conflicts in a constructive way. 21. Aunstable Bunsure Cimprecise Dimpractical22. AnormallyBgenerally Cvirtuall

20、y Dnecessarily23. Aon Bat Cto Dwith24. Asignify BinfluenceCpredict Dmark25. Aintellectual BsensualCspiritual Dmental26. Ato be doing Bwith doingCto do Dof doing27. Aable better to Bable to betterCbetter to able Dbetter able to28. Aon Bfrom Cat Dabout29. Aassessment BdecisionCdetermination Dassistanc

21、e30. AidealityBrealization Crealism Dreality31. Aoccur Bengage Cconfront Dencounter32. AtolerateBsustain Cexperience Dundertake33. AevidenceBaccidents Cadventures Devents34. AacquireBachieve Cobtain Dfulfill35. ArespondBreturn Cretort Dreply36. Awhy Bwhen Cwhile Dwhere37. Asound Ball-round Centire D

22、whole38. Ailluminate BenunciateCenumerate Dinitiate39. Aaccess Bassess Cprocess Dpossess40. AresolvingBsaluting Cdissolving DsolvingSection III Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40 poin

23、ts)Text 1The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be longor short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period oftime, whi

24、le in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws againstchild labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade ofones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood statusmay change in a

25、 given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type ofchange are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies for ad

26、olescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high

27、 school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been

28、 replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are grante

29、d. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rig

30、hts which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a drivers license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the

31、young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional

32、basicrights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legalprovisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolongedperiod of adolescence.41.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because

33、_.A the definition of maturity has changedB the industrialized society is more developedC more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance42.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence

34、 have given place to _.A graduations from schools and collegesB social recognitionC socio-economic statusD certain behavioral changes43.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is _.A eleven years oldB sixteen years oldC twenty-one years oldD between twelve and twenty-one y

35、ears old44.Starting from 22, _.A one will obtain more basic rightsB the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21D one will enjoy more rights granted by society45.According to the passage, it is true that _.A in the late 19th century in

36、the United States the dividing line between adolescence andadulthood no longer existedB no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a drivers licenseD one is not free from the restrictions of child labor

37、laws until he can join the armText 2Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for rea

38、l.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year

39、, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary,

40、says, a “disjunction between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplaceall that re-engineering and downsizingare only one contribution to the overall produc

41、tivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing

42、productivity:switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people supp

43、ose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, s

44、ays that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDOs Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish“the worst sort of ambula

45、nce cashing.46.According to the author, the American economic situation is _.A not as good as it seemsB at its turning pointC much better than it seemsD near to complete recovery47.The official statistics on productivity growth _.A exclude the usual rebound in a business cycleB fall short of busines

46、smens anticipationC meet the expectation of business peopleD fail to reflect the true state of economy48.The author raises the question “what about pain without gain? because _.A he questions the truth of “no gain without painB he does not think the productivity revolution worksC he wonders if the o

47、fficial statistics are misleadingD he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses49.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.B New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.C The

48、 reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.D The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.50. According to the passage, the authors attitude towards the productivity revolution in the U.S.A is _.A biased B optimisticC ambiguousD negativeText 3Money spent on advertising

49、 is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise stan

50、dards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would

51、 need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value inthe products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular

52、 advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you

53、see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on

54、. Recently I heard a well-known televisionpersonality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be

55、difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.51.By the first sentence of the passage

56、the author means that _.A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC advertising costs money like everything elseD it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising52.In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advanta

57、ges of advertising?A Securing greater fame.C Enhancing living standards.B Providing more jobs.D Reducing newspaper cost.53.The author deems that the well-known TV personality is _.A very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingB interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC correct in tellin

58、g the difference between persuasion and informationD obviously partial in his views on advertising54.In the authors opinion, _.A advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationB advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC there is nothing wrong w

59、ith advertising in persuading the buyerD the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement55. The best title for the passage would probably be _.A Positive and NegativeAspects of AdvertisingB Benefits Brought by Advertising and Its Persuasive FunctionC Advertising The Best Per

60、suasive and Information MediumD Advertising the Most Effective Way to Promote ProductsText 4It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the w