新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程課文翻譯和課后習(xí)題答案unit市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎?wù)n件

1、第1頁Text 第2頁Text Chinese or Western, its a time to relax 1 Its that time of the year when the world seems tobe caught in a trance the trance of end-of-yearcelebrations. End-of-year, I said.2 The problem seems to be exactly that. Why should we inChina refer to the week between December 24 and 31 as th

2、eend of the year when ours (according to the lunar calendar) isat least a month away?第3頁Text 3 We do so apparently because Christmas and New Yearhave become global festivals, not because they (especiallyChristmas) are essentially Western in nature and spirit, butbecause we can relax during those few

3、 days.4 Nevertheless, some scholars and students have expressedconcern over the increasing influence of Christmas onoriental, particularly Chinese, culture. Their fears may bejustified to a certain extent. In fact, we Chinese do seem toattach a lot more time and attention to Christmas today thanwe d

4、id even a couple of decades ago.第4頁Text 5 For good or bad, the world has possibly undergone morechanges in the past two decades than it did in the past twocenturies. We have used more resources, burnt more fuel,caused more pollution and killed off more animals and plantsas we have come closer to eac

5、h other to form a truly globalvillage. Television, we thought, was the last uniting factor tillwe got a feel for the Internet.第5頁Text 6 All these changes have made us take a different lookat the world beyond and our home within. Nothing comeswithout a rider in this global market. If we want to be pa

6、rt ofthe dazzle and comfort that the West is known for, we hadbetter accept some of its anomalies, too. This is not to saythat festivals mean something else to the West.第6頁Text 7 Be it on the mainland or in the highly developed West or inthe poorest of societies, a festival carries the same meaning.

7、People across the world celebrate them with their family andfriends. The basic concept is the same too, sharing a feast ora humble meal (with a few drinks in some societies like oursand the West).第7頁Text 8 We celebrate an occasion to vent our feelings, to relax andenjoy a break from the everyday sku

8、lduggery that life in thesetimes has become. Its apparently no different from the breakour ancestors enjoyed from the mundane affairs of their dailylives.第8頁Text 9 Most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar, includingus, in their day-to-day lives. So the festivals and specialevents in that cal

9、endar are bound to influence us. That we,like many South, Southeast Asian, Middle East and perhapssome indigenous American people, follow the lunar calendarfor our festivals is a different matter altogether.第9頁Text 10 We cannot afford to be left untouched by thefestive spirit of the West, which does

10、nt meanwe follow the West blindly. Not everything abouttheir culture may be good, but decadence is notthe sole preserve of the West. No culture in theworld is free of decadence and that includesChinese culture.第10頁Text 11 So the problem is not Western culture, orwhat we generally associate with it.

11、The problemis those who are blinded by everything Western.We have to find out why more and moreChinese, especially the youngsters, feel at onewith Western festivals as much as they do withthe Chinese ones. But thankfully our festivalshave lost none of their charm. And here iswhere the alarm bells so

12、unded by scholars andstudents come in.第11頁Text 12 I can understand the zeal of these people.They want to conserve our culture, and thatdefinitely doesnt make them what we generallyrefer to as conservatives. They have a point.But they, or for that matter anybody else, cannotsave any society from the

13、influence of a worldgetting smaller by the day.第12頁Text 13 So instead of trying to shut our eyes andears to Western festivals, we should acceptthe goodness they offer and practise what theystand for. And lets not forget that Jesus was notborn in the West but the East (the Middle East, tobe precise),

14、 and he preached love for mankindand help for the poor.第13頁Text 不論是中國節(jié)日還是西方節(jié)日，節(jié)日是我們放松時候 1 每年這個時候，整個世界好像都陷入了一個迷狂 人們狂熱地進行著歲末慶賀活動。我說是歲末。 2 問題就出在這兒。為何我們中國人要把12月24日到31 日這一周作為歲末來慶賀，而我們自己歲末（按照陰歷） 最少還有一個月才到呢？第14頁Text 3 我們這么做，顯然是因為圣誕節(jié)和元旦已經(jīng)成了全球性 節(jié)日，并不是因為它們（尤其是圣誕節(jié)）在本質(zhì)上和精神 上主要代表了西方文化，而是因為在這幾天里我們能好好放 松一下。 4 不過，圣

15、誕節(jié)對于東方文化，尤其是中國文化影響與 日俱增，對此，一些學(xué)者和學(xué)生們表示擔(dān)憂。從某種程度上 講，他們憂慮是有道理。確實，與幾十年前相比，現(xiàn)在 中國人花在圣誕節(jié)上時間和精力似乎要多很多。第15頁Text 5 不論是好是壞，世界在過去二十多年間所經(jīng)歷改變可 能比過去兩百年間所經(jīng)歷還要多。為了讓彼此間聯(lián)絡(luò)得更 緊密，營造出一個真正地球村，我們消耗了更多資源， 燒掉了更多能源，造成了更多污染，滅殺了更多動植 物。過去，我們一直把電視看作是連接全世界終極伎倆， 直到我們了解了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，才發(fā)覺事實并非如此。第16頁Text 6 全部這些改變都讓我們用另外一個眼光來對待外面世 界以及我們自己家園。在這個全球

16、市場中，得到任何東西 都是要付出代價。假如我們想擁有西方世界那著名眩目 而舒適生活，我們也必須接收西方文化中一些異常事 物。當(dāng)然，這并不是說節(jié)日對于西方人來說有著不一樣意 義。第17頁Text 7 不論是在中國大陸，還是在高度發(fā)達(dá)西方國家，抑或 是世界上最貧窮社會，節(jié)日承載著相同意義。世界各地 人們和家人、朋友一起慶賀節(jié)日。節(jié)日基本概念是一樣 ，就是大家分享一頓盛宴或是一餐便飯（在西方或是我們 國家里，人們會小酌幾杯）。第18頁Text 8 我們慶賀節(jié)日，是為了釋放情感，放松身心，是為了從 當(dāng)代生活爾虞我詐中擺脫出來，得到片刻安寧。顯然， 這和我們祖先從日常俗事中尋求解脫是一回事兒。第19頁T

17、ext 9 世界上多數(shù)國家在日常生活中采取格列高利歷，中國也 是如此。所以這個歷法中節(jié)日和特殊事件注定會影響到我 們。而我們，和許多南亞、東南亞、中東，或許還有一些美 國土著居民一樣，依據(jù)陰從來過節(jié)，而這又完全是另外一回 事兒了。第20頁Text 10 對于西方節(jié)日氣氛無動于衷，這我們做不到，但這也 并不意味著我們要盲目跟風(fēng)。西方文化不全都是好，但同 時，頹廢東西也不是西方文化所獨有。世界上沒有一個 文化能免于頹廢，中國文化也不例外。第21頁Text 11 所以，問題并不在于西方文化，也不在于那些我們通常 和西方文化聯(lián)絡(luò)在一起東西。問題出在那些唯西方馬首是 瞻人身上。為何越來越多中國人，尤其是

18、中國年輕 人，對于西方節(jié)日和中國節(jié)日一樣怡然自得，我們應(yīng)該找出 其中原因。好在我們自己節(jié)日并沒有失去它們風(fēng)采。 而正是在這一刻，我們學(xué)者和學(xué)生們敲響了警鐘。第22頁Text 12 我能夠了解這些人熱情。他們想保護我們文化，就 這點而言，他們絕對不是我們通常所說保守派。他們觀 點有一定道理。不過在這件事情上，他們和其它人一樣， 無法使任何社會免受日益變小世界影響。第23頁Text 13 所以，我們不應(yīng)該對西方節(jié)日視而不見、充耳不聞， 相反，我們應(yīng)該取其精華，去實踐這些節(jié)日所提倡德行。 我們不要忘了，耶穌誕生于東方（確切地說，是中東），而 不是在西方，我們也應(yīng)該記住他要我們熱愛全人類，扶貧助 弱。

19、第24頁Words & Phrasestrancelunarcalendaressentiallyorientaljustifyundergofestiveuntouchedindigenousmundaneskulduggeryventhumblepreachgoodnessconservezealcharmrideranomalyfeastyoungsterdecadenceblindly第25頁Words & Phrasesfor good or badat one withshut ones eyes and ears to第26頁Words & PhrasesGregorian ca

20、lendar 格列高利歷；公歷；陽歷Jesus 耶穌 第27頁trance n. C (usu sing) a state caused by hypnosis in which someone can move and speak but is not conscious in a normal way 催眠狀態(tài)put someone in/into a trancebe in a trance e.g. 1. The psychiatrist put her into a deep hypnotic trance. 那位精神科醫(yī)生使她進入了深度催眠狀態(tài)。2. The old man was

21、 in a trance, thinking of his past life. 這位老人回想著自己過去生活，神情恍惚。Words & Phrases第28頁lunar a. relating to the moon 月亮；陰歷e.g.1. The Spring Festival is the lunar New Year. 春節(jié)即陰/農(nóng)歷新年。2. On the moon, the lunar explorers ran a considerable risk of being hit. 在月球上，登月探險者們冒著被撞擊極大危險。Cf. solar n. relating to the su

22、n, or coming from the sun 太陽，和太陽相關(guān)；公/陽歷e.g. solar systemWords & Phrases太陽系第29頁calendar n. a system for measuring the length of a year and dividing it into periods such as weeks and months 日歷；歷書e.g.1. lunar calendar 陰歷2. solar calendar 陽歷3. Our calendar is open; we have nothing on for this weekend. 我

23、們?nèi)粘瘫硎强?；這個周末我們沒有什么計劃。Words & Phrases第30頁essentially ad. used for emphasizing what is the most important aspect of sth. or fact about sth. 本質(zhì)上；根本上e.g. 1. She is an essentially selfish person. 她本質(zhì)上是個自私自利人。2. Essentially, they are amateurs. 他們本質(zhì)上是業(yè)余興趣者。Words & Phrases第31頁oriental a. from or connected wi

24、th eastern Asia, especially China and Japan 東方；東亞（尤指中國和日本）Translate the following into English:1. 他專門研究東方史。 He specializes in oriental history.2. 北京是一座含有悠久歷史和燦爛文化東方名城。 Beijing is a famous oriental city with profound history and splendid culture. Cf: occidental Words & Phrases第32頁justify vt. show tha

25、t there is a good reason for something, especially something that other people think is wrong 證實正當(dāng)；為辯護；辨明e.g.1. Nothing can justify your cheating on an exam. 任何事情都不能成為你考試作弊理由。2. How can you justify your rude behaviour? 你怎樣解釋你粗魯行為呢? Word family: justification n.Words & Phrases第33頁undergo vt. (underwe

26、nt, undergone)1) experience a process of change 經(jīng)歷（改變過程）e.g. The bridge has undergone a series of modifications and will be re-opened in two weeks. 經(jīng)過了一系列改造，這座橋?qū)⒂趦尚瞧诤笾匦麻_通。2) experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary 經(jīng)受；承受（尤指不愉快但 又必須承受事情）e.g. The problem-free person

27、often cannot undergo the setback. 一帆風(fēng)順人，往往經(jīng)受不住挫折。 Words & Phrases第34頁rider n. 1) an addition to an official document or new law 附加 文件；附加條款e.g. We should like to add a rider to the previous remarks. 我們想在原有意見后面再加上一條。2) someone who rides on an animal such as a horse, or on a vehicle such as a bicycle o

28、r motorcycle 騎馬 人；騎自行車人e.g. He is a gentle horse that never cast his rider. 馴良馬絕不會把騎手甩倒。Words & Phrases第35頁anomaly n. (fml) sth. unusual, unexpected, or different from what normally happens 異常現(xiàn)象；反常事物e.g. 1. A bird that cannot fly is an anomaly. 鳥不能飛是異?，F(xiàn)象。2. In those days a woman professor was still

29、an anomaly. 當(dāng)初，女教授依然是一個反?，F(xiàn)象。3. Can you explain the apparent anomaly that those who produced the wealth were the poorest. 你能解釋制造財富者是最貧窮顯著不正常現(xiàn)象嗎？Words & Phrases第36頁feast n. a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate sth. （通常為慶賀某事而舉行）盛會，筵席e.g.1. Villagers used to hold a great feast

30、 at harvest time. 村民過去經(jīng)常在收獲季節(jié)舉行盛大宴會。2. Knowledge is a feast for the mind. 知識是心靈盛宴。3. They had a midnight feast in their tent. 他們在帳篷里舉行了一次午夜宴會。Words & Phrases第37頁humble a. 1) simple and with only basic equipment or features 低 劣；簡陋2) not proud and not thinking that you are better than other people 謙遜；

31、謙虛3) from a low social class 卑微；低下Words & Phrases第38頁 Figure out the meanings of “humble” in the following sentences. Match its usage with the meaning 1低劣；簡陋 2謙虛or 3卑微. Then translate the sentences into Chinese:1. He flew high though he was of humble origin. ( ) 他雖出生低微,卻胸懷大志。2. Too humble is half pr

32、oud. ( ) 過分謙虛差不多就是驕傲。3. She merely eats a humble meal outside when she is too busy. ( ) 當(dāng)她忙得不可開交時，也只僅僅在外面吃一頓便餐。Words & Phrases213第39頁vent vt. express your feelings of anger very strongly 發(fā)泄（憤恨）e.g. 1. There is no need to vent your anger on me. 你沒有必要拿我來出氣。2. Children give vent to their anger in vario

33、us ways. 小孩用各種方式表示憤恨。3. He gave vent to his anger by kicking the chair. 他猛踢椅子，以此泄怒。 Words & Phrases第40頁skulduggery n. U secret activities that are intended to trick or cheat people 陰謀；坑騙；詐騙e.g. 1. Statistics skulduggery has various reasons such as the statistics system, statistics mechanism, statist

34、ics law, statistics method and so on. 統(tǒng)計作假有統(tǒng)計制度、統(tǒng)計機制、統(tǒng)計法律、統(tǒng)計方法等多方面原因。 2. He is working in a firm that investigates commercial skulduggery. 他在一家調(diào)查商業(yè)詐騙企業(yè)任職。Words & Phrases第41頁mundane a. ordinary and not interesting or exciting, especially because of happening too regularly 普通；平凡；平淡無奇e.g. 1. Even the m

35、ost mundane things can become objects of beauty in French eyes. 即使是最平凡事物，在法國人眼中也是漂亮。2. A grasp of mundane affairs is genuine knowledge, understanding of worldly wisdom is true learning. 掌握平凡事物是真正學(xué)問，明白世俗智慧是真正本事。（世事洞明皆學(xué)問,人情練達(dá)即文章。） Words & Phrases第42頁indigenous a. 1) indigenous people lived in a place

36、for a very long time before other people came to live there（人）本 地，當(dāng)?shù)豦.g. Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America. 印第安人是美洲土著居民。2) indigenous plants and animals belong to a region because they developed there （動植物）原產(chǎn)，土 生土長e.g. Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia. 袋鼠為澳大利亞當(dāng)?shù)貏游?。Words & Phras

37、es第43頁untouched a. not affected, changed, or damaged in any way 未受影響；未被改變；原樣 e.g. 1. The miser was untouched by the poor mans story. 那個吝嗇鬼對那窮人敘述無動于衷。2. The manager left the welfare of the staff untouched in his report. 經(jīng)理在匯報中沒有提及過職員福利問題。3. Prague was relatively untouched by the war. 布拉格相對說來受戰(zhàn)爭影響不大。W

38、ord family: touch v.Words & Phrases第44頁festive a. bright and colourful in a way that makes you think of a celebration 節(jié)日；節(jié)日般e.g. 1. They like to go there to soak in the festive atmosphere. 他們喜歡到那兒感染節(jié)日氣氛。2. It was Christmas and everyone was in festive mood. 當(dāng)初是圣誕節(jié)，每個人都沉醉在節(jié)日歡樂中。Words & Phrases第45頁Word

39、 family:festival n. a day or period when there is a public holiday, often to celebrate a religious event 節(jié)日Translate the following into English: 中國四個主要傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日是：春節(jié)、清明節(jié)、端午節(jié)和中秋節(jié)。 The four important traditional festivals in China are the Spring Festival, Tomb Sweeping Day, the Dragon-boat Festival and the

40、Mid-autumn Festival. Words & Phrases第46頁blindly ad. 1) if you obey or support someone blindly, you do it without thinking for yourself whether what you are doing is right 盲目地；未加思索地e.g. Instead of giving in to her child blindly, a good mother manages to make her child clear about right and wrong. 一個好

41、母親不是一味地遷就自己孩子，而是設(shè)法讓孩子明白是非曲直。 Words & Phrases第47頁2) without noticing what is around you, for example because you are excited or upset 胡亂地；不注意周圍地 e.g. Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind, and therefore winged Cupid fires his arrow blindly. 愛情不是用眼睛，而是專心靈來看，所以長翅膀愛神丘比特胡亂地射出他箭。Word family: bli

42、nd a.Words & Phrases第48頁decadence n. U behaviour that is considered immoral because it concentrates too much on pleasure 墮落；頹廢e.g. 1. That city seems to be the hothouse of decadence. 該城市似乎是墮落溫床。 2. The decadence of morals is bad for a nation. 道德滑坡對國家是不利。3. The juvenile nature of his decadence reveal

43、s itself. 他那種幼稚性質(zhì)頹廢表現(xiàn)了出來。Words & Phrases第49頁youngster n. a child, or a young person 兒童；年輕人e.g. 1. The youngster resented being treated as a coward. 那位年輕人對于他人把他看做是懦夫感到很憤慨。2. These youngsters here have not even learn how to peel a potato. 這里這些年輕人，連給土豆削皮都不會（最簡單事情都不會做）。 Words & Phrases第50頁charm1) n. U a

44、 personal quality that attracts people to you and makes them like you 魅力；魔力e.g.1. He is a man of personal charm and great cultivation. 他現(xiàn)有個人魅力又極有教養(yǎng)。 2. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. (CET4-06) 這并不排除那些相貌平平，甚至丑陋人，因

45、為往往許多那樣人是極具個人魅力。Words & Phrases第51頁2) v. give someone pleasure or enjoyment 使高興；使 陶醉；吸引e.g. a story that has charmed generations of children 一個吸引了一代又一代兒童故事Word family:charming a. very attractive and pleasant 迷人，有魅力，有吸引力e.g. May and October are charming months to sail on the Mediterranean Sea. 5月和10月

46、是乘船游覽地中海好時光。Words & Phrases第52頁zeal n. U (fml) great energy, effort, and enthusiasm 熱忱；熱心；熱情e.g. 1. He shows great zeal for knowledge. 他表現(xiàn)出強烈求知熱情。2. She had a true zeal for journalism. 她對新聞工作懷有真正熱情。3. Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse. 無知狂熱如同脫韁野馬。Words & Phrases第53頁conserve vt. 1) prevent la

47、nd, water, or other natural resources from being damaged or destroyed 保護（水、土等自然資 源）2) use very little of something such as electricity or water so that it is not wasted 節(jié)約使用（電或水） Figure out the meanings of “conserve” in the following sentences. Match its usage with the meaning 1 or 2. Then translate

48、 the sentences into Chinese:Words & Phrases第54頁1. 保護（水、土等自然資源）2. 節(jié)約使用（電或水）1. Officials are urging people to conserve electrical power and stay indoors. ( ) 官員要求民眾節(jié)約用電，并呆在室內(nèi)。2. New laws to conserve wild life in the area have been published. ( ) 為保護該地域野生動物而頒布了新法律。3. Only in the 20th century have peopl

49、e become conscious of the fragility of nature and thus started to conserve resources. ( ) 直到20世紀(jì)人們才意識到大自然脆弱，因而開始保護自然資源。Words & Phrases121第55頁goodness n. U the quality of being morally good 美德；善良；仁慈e.g. 1. What is truth, goodness, beauty? 什么是真、善、美？2. Beauty will fade, but not goodness. 美貌會凋謝，但美德不會。 3

50、. In spite of the bad things hes done I still believe in his essential goodness. 盡管他做了壞事，我依然相信他本性是善良。Words & Phrases第56頁preach v. 1) talk about a religious subject at a religious meeting, especially in church （尤指在教堂里）布道；講道e.g. Missionaries go around the world to preach the Word. 傳教士走遍世界各地宣揚福音。 Words

51、 & Phrases第57頁2) express a strong opinion and try to persuade other people to accept it 灌輸；極力勸導(dǎo)e.g.1. Practise what you preach. 躬行己說，身體力行。 2. It is not the authors business to preach, but to give a real, historical picture of life. 作者責(zé)任不在于說教，而在于展現(xiàn)一幅真實含有歷史 意義生活畫面。 Words & Phrases第58頁for good or bad:

52、不論怎樣；不論好歹 e.g.1. For good or bad, he is your boss. 不論怎樣，他是你老板。2. For good or bad, the fact is that an increasing number of parents around us are sending their kids to various art classes. 不論好歹，事實是我們周圍越來越多家長送孩子參加各種藝術(shù)班。Words & Phrases第59頁at one with1) happy and relaxed in your environment 在中怡然自得e.g. Y

53、ou should be at one with your classmates at school. 在學(xué)校里，你要和同學(xué)們和睦相處。2) in agreement with someone 與一致e.g. 1. We, the Opposition, are at one with the government on this issue. 我們反對黨在這個問題上與政府意見是一致。2. If you vote for Mr. Bush , you have to be at one with (him on) his war policy. 假如你投布什先生票，你就是贊同他戰(zhàn)爭政策。 Wo

54、rds & Phrases第60頁shut ones eyes and ears to: refuse to see or hear or think about 拒不理會；拒不聽某事Translate the following into English:1. 一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對這些事實不聞不問。 Some leaders shut their eyes and ears to the facts. 2. 我們不能再對這些孩子遭遇充耳不聞了。 We can no longer shut our eyes and ears to whats happening to these children. W

55、ords & Phrases第61頁Gregorian calendar 格列高利歷；公歷；陽歷 The Gregorian calendar, or solar calendar, is based on the movement of the earth around the sun, which lasts 365 or 366 days. Often called the Western calendar, this is the most commonly used calendar in the world. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XI

56、II in 1582. Pope Gregory XIII gave his name to the Gregorian calendarWords & PhrasesPope Gregory XIII第62頁Cf. The lunar calendar is based on the movement of the moon around the earth, which lasts 29 or 30 days. In order to catch up with the solar calendar, extra months are added whenever necessary.Wo

57、rds & Phrases第63頁Jesus 耶穌（基督教創(chuàng)始人） Jesus is the man on whose ideas Christianity is based. Christians believe he was the son of God. He is often simply called Jesus or Christ.Words & Phrases第64頁 as the end of the year when ours (according to the lunar calendar) is at least a month away? The lunar cale

58、ndar is based on the movement of the moon around the earth, which lasts 29 or 30 days. In order to catch up with the solar calendar, extra months are added whenever necessary. Language Points 而我們自己歲末（按照陰歷）最少還有一個月 才到呢？翻譯：第65頁 Their fears may be justified to a certain extent. The word justified means

59、having an acceptable explanation or reason. The writer then gives the explanation in the following sentence.Language Points 從某種程度上講，他們憂慮是有道理。翻譯：第66頁 For good or bad, the world has possibly undergone more changes The writer does not want to get into the question of whether what has happened has been

60、good or bad. The point is to agree that there has been change and it has consequences.Language Points 不論是好是壞，世界可能所經(jīng)歷改變翻譯：第67頁 Television, we thought, was the last uniting factor till we got a feel for the Internet. The expression get a feel for something means to be accustomed to something or to hav