高二英語 Unit 18 grammar課件 大綱人教

1、 Grammar The Attributive Clause The restrictive & non-restrictive attributive clauses The attributive clause & the appositive clause The attributive clause & the emphasis structure1. He is a famous scientist.2. whos that girl in red?3. Ive read all the books that you lent me.4. I have lost my pen, w

2、hich I like very much.Pay special attention to the underlined parts. Is there anything in common between them?The attributive clause (the adjective clause) the restrictive attributive clause the non-restrictive attributive clause noun/pronoun + the attributive clausethe antecedent (person/thing) the

3、 relative pronouns/adverbs + clauseThe use of the relative pronounsForm 1:the relative pronouns referring to function in the clausewhowhomthat which whose person(s) subject/object person(s)object person(s)/thing(s)subject/objectthing(s)subject/object person(s)/thing(s) (of whom/which)attributiveThe

4、use of the relative adverbsthe relative adverbsreferring tofunction in the clausewhen (=at/in/on which) where (=in/at which)why (=for which) timeadverbial of timeplace adverbial of placereasonadverbial of reasonPractice: complete the sentences with suitable relatives.1. I know the reason _ he came l

5、ate.2. Do you know the woman, _son went to college last year?3. The house _ color is red is johns.4. This is the best film _ Ive ever seen.5. Thats the town _ he worked in 1987.6. I have 2 brothers, _ are both soldiers.7. Next week, _ youll spend in your hometown ,is coming.8. Ive tried 2 pairs of s

6、hoes, neither of _fits me well.whywhosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhichNotice:Pay more attention to the agreement between the verb and the antecedent in person and number in the attributive clause, and then complete the sentences:Those who _ to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (wa

7、nt)2. He who _ the great wall is not a true man. (not reach)3. She is the only one of the girls who _ been to Beijing. (have)4. He is one of the boys who _ seen the film. (have)wantdoesnt reachhashave When a relative pronoun is used as a subject in the clause, the verb must agree with the antecedent

8、 in person and number.(2) When the antecedent is the structure “one of +n. (pl.), the verb in the clause must be plural, agrees with the plural form. However, if there is “the or “the only very before “one, the verb in the clause must be singular, agrees with the word “one.Conclusion 1:Practice: Com

9、plete the following sentences with suitable relatives:The time _ I went to Tokyo is in 1982.2. Ill never forget the time _ I spent at college.3. The shop _ I bought the book in is big.4. The shop _ I bought the book is big.Conclusion 2: when the antecedent is a noun for time or place “when or “where

10、 is not always used to introduce the clause. It depends on the function of the relative word in the clause.when/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhere/in whichThe Difference Between “that and “which.Complete the following sentences with “that or “which.This is the 2nd article _ I have written in English.2. I

11、t is the best film _ he has ever seen.3. This is the very book _ I want to read.4. All _ they told me surprised me.5. They talked about the teachers and schools _ they had visited.thatthatthatthatthat6. Who is the comrade _ was there?7. There is a bed in the room _is still vacant.8. Our village is n

12、o longer the place _ it used to be.He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned at least a year.10. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.11. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through _ he could see what was going on inside the hou

13、se.thatthatthatwhich whichwhichConclusion 3: When the antecedent refers to thing(s), “that is often used in the following cases:(1) After ordinal number and superlatives(2) After the following words: all, only, little, few, much, very, none, last, just, any(thing), every(thing), some(thing), no(thin

14、g).(3) After two or more antecedents, referring to both person(s) and thing(s).(4) After interrogative pronouns “which or “who.(5) When the relative pronoun is used as a predictive in the clause.(6) When the main clause begins with “there be .In the following cases, “which is always used. After prep

15、ositions to introduce a non-restrictive attributive clause. The whole main sentence is the “antecedent of the relative clause, and there is always a comma.Tell me the reason _ you were late for class.2. Who is the girl _ is speaking there ?3. This is Mr. Smith, _ has something interesting to tell yo

16、u.4. The computer _ CPU doesnt work has to be repaired.whythatwhowhoseFill in the blanks with suitable relatives to complete the following sentences.5. This kind of computer, _ is well-known , is out of date.6. This is just the place _ Ive been longing to visit for years.7. His mother is an engineer

17、, _ makes him very proud.8. The old man has 4 sons, three of _ are doctors.whichthatwhichwhom一、從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意義的名詞。而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或整個主句。如：We are looking into the question

18、whether he is worth trusting.我們正在調(diào)查的是他是否值得信賴的問題同位語從句 Word came that he had gone abroad. 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出國了。同位語從句The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Appositive Clause The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面。定語從句，名詞the doctor作先行詞Our team has won the game, which makes u

19、s very happy.(定語從句，which代表前面提到的整個句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他媽媽盡最大努力幫他學(xué)習(xí)。 定語從句，代詞all作先行詞二、從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別 定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇；而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如：The news that our team has won the game is true.我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明news的內(nèi)容。The news (that) he

20、 told me yesterday is true.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。 (定語從句，that 從句作定語修飾news)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我許諾如果誰讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有。(同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們快樂的許諾。定語從句，that從句作定語修飾promise。三、從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成份上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如h

21、ow, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：That question whether we need it has not been considered.我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。同位語從句I have no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，在從句中一般作主語或賓語指物時還可以用which代替，并且作賓語時常常省略。That在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用which來代替。 The order that we (should

22、) send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組的命令昨天已收到了。同位語從句，是對order的具體解釋，that雖不作成份，但不能省略The order (that) we received yesterday was that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組。定語從句，是名詞order的修飾語，that在從句中作received的賓語，可以

23、省略從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether2. Luckily, wed brought a road map without_ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which3. There is a new problem involved in the populari

24、ty of private cars _road conditions need . A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improvingBDA5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as6. The fact came up _ specific spee

25、ch sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A. what B. which C. that D. whose7. A decision was made _ those who wanted to get a job in the factory would not be allowed to stay. A. what B. when C. which D. thatBCD8. The question came up at the meeting _ we had enough money for our res

26、earch.that B. what C. which D. whether9. The reason _ he is late is _ there was a breakdown on the railway.A. why; why B. why; thatC. because; that D. that; becauseDB強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的句式構(gòu)造為：“It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who從句。在強(qiáng)調(diào)時間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語時，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語和賓語時，如果主語和賓語指代人，那么可用who和whom來代替that, 但是從句中的

27、人稱和數(shù)要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語和賓語保持一致。這些都容易與定語從句混淆。The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Emphasis Structure定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法：假設(shè)將句中的“It is/was和“that/who去掉，而句子不缺成分，構(gòu)造完整，說明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；假設(shè)句子構(gòu)造不完整，那么說明原句為定語從句。 1. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.(1995高考卷) A. while B. which C. that D. since2.

28、_ was his kindness that everyone praised him. A. It B. What C. So D. SuchCA3. It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. (2000高考卷) A. one B. that C. what D. it4. It was _ he came to Macao _ he knew what kind of place it was. A. that; when B. until; that C. not

29、 until; when D. not until; that5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. ItBDD6. It was not until we came back from outside _ out of his bed. A. did he get B. when he got C. that he got D. then he got7. When was it _ you met him in the li

30、brary? A. where B. that C. in which D. which8. It was near the place _ there is a bomb _ we found the dead man. A. where; where B. where; that C. that; where D. that; thatCBBThank you for your attention!9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。2022/10/132022/10/13Thursday, October 13, 202210、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。2022/10/132022/10/1320

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