2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號47

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題During adolescence, the development of, political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more e

2、ncompassing, though perhaps tacit, set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage a

3、bstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles.The child rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. By knowledge, I mean more than the

4、 dreary facts, such as the composition of county government that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade civics course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. These are facets of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescents absorption, often unwi

5、ttingly, of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of, understanding, for example, what the state can “appropriately” demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the “proper” relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions

6、, such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts much of the native that characterized the younger adolescents grasp of politics stems not from. When highly gifted students in any domain talk about an

7、 ignorance of facts, but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done.Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over

8、 the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political - socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. Just

9、 as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information.Like magpies, childre

10、ns minds pick up bits and pieces of datA.If you encourage them, they will drop these at your feet-republicans and Democrats, the tripartite division of the federal system, perhaps even the capital of Massachusetts. But until the adolescent has grasped the integumentary function that concepts and pri

11、nciples provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.86. The authors primary purpose in the passage is to（ ）.2.According to the author, which of the following contributes to the development of political ideology during adolescence?3.The author uses the term common ground of understanding

12、(ParA.2) to refer to（ ）.4.The passage suggests that, during early adolescence, a child would find which of the following most difficult to understand?5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about schools?問題1選項A.clarif

13、y the kinds of understanding an adolescent must have in order to develop a political ideology.B.dispute the theory that a political ideology can be acquired during adolescenceC.explain why adolescents are generally uninterested in political argumentD.suggest various means of encouraging adolescents

14、to develop personal political ideologies問題2選項A.Conscious recognition by the adolescent of his or her own naiveteB.Thorough comprehension of the concept of ordinationC.Evaluation by the adolescent of the general principles encompassing his or her specific political ideas.D.Intuitive understanding of

15、relationships among various components of society問題3選項A.familiar legislation regarding political activityB.the experiences that all adolescents shareC.a societys general sense of its own political activityD.a societys willingness to resolve political tensions問題4選項A.A book chronicling the ways in whi

16、ch the presidential inauguration ceremony has changed over the years.B.An essay in which an incident in British history is used to explain the system of monarchic successionC.A summary of the respective responsibilities of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.D.A debate in

17、 which the participants argue, respectively, that the federal government should or should not support private schools.問題5選項A.They should present political information according to carefully planned and schematic arrangementsB.They themselves constitute part of a general sociopolitical system that ad

18、olescents are learning to understand.C.If they to introduce poetical subject matter in the primary grades, students would understand current political realities at an earlier ageD.They are ineffectual to the degree that they disregard adolescents political naivete【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.主

19、旨大意題。題干大意詢問作者想要通過本文表達什么。讀完原文可知，文章討論的主要是青少年階段政治觀念的形成，從不同的方面論述了政治觀念形成所必需的幾種認知技能。作者先后對political ideology和political knowledge進行了界定。第三段中提及許多研究過分依賴后者（政治知識）的獲得，指出這是不正確的做法， A項翻譯為“必須要澄清理解青少年的方式，以便提出一種政治上的觀念”。該選項符合題意，正確。2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第二段第四句 “These are facets of knowledge, but they are less critical than t

20、he adolescents absorption, often unwittingly, of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding.”，中文翻譯為：這些都是知識的方面，但它們比青少年吸收（通常是無意間吸收） 許多關(guān)于政治制度的潛移默化的想法要重要得多，這些假設構(gòu)成了理解共識?！癴or example, what the state can “appropriately” demand o

21、f its citizens, and vice versa，or the “proper” relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions, such as the schools and churches.” 中文翻譯為：例如，國家可以“適當?shù)亍币蠊袷裁?，反之亦然，或?政府與附屬社會機構(gòu)如學校和教會的“適當”關(guān)系?！币约?“Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as o

22、f objective facts much of the native that characterized the younger adolescents grasp of politics stems not from.”，中文翻譯為：因此，政治知識是對社會假設和關(guān)系的認識，也是對客觀事實的認識。因此， 綜合得知，D項正確。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵短語“common ground of understanding”可以定位到原文第二段后這一短語后的舉例 “for example, what the state can “appropriately” demand of its ci

23、tizens, and vice versa, or the “proper” relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions, such as the schools and churches.”，中文翻譯為：例如，國家可以“適當?shù)亍币蠊袷裁?，反之亦然，或者政府與附屬社會機構(gòu)如學校和教會的“適當” 關(guān)系。以及后文的意思可知，“理解共識”指的就是社會對諸如國家和公民之間 相互的正當需求、政府與社會機構(gòu)之間的正常關(guān)系等在理解上的一種認識。因此，最佳答案為C項。4.推理判斷題。原文第一段談及政治意識形態(tài)在青春期之初是模糊

24、或缺失的。由題干可以定位到原文第三段中“Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the informati

25、on.”，中文翻譯為：如小孩子在不掌握排序原則的情況下可以數(shù)數(shù)一樣， 青少年在頭腦中可能有許多隨機的政治信息，而沒有安全地理解那些能給信息帶 來秩序和意義的概念。以及原文第四段中 “But until the adolescent has grasped the integumentary function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.”中文翻譯為：但在青少年掌握了概念和原則所提供的整體功能之前，數(shù)據(jù)仍然是零碎的、隨機的、無序的?！笨梢缘贸?D項（中文含

26、義：一場辯論，參與者分別認為聯(lián)邦政府應該支持私立學校，或不應該支持私立學校）是青少年比較難理解的。5.推理判斷題。首先，根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第二段第四句，將學校和教會作為組成政治體系的一個例子；然后，在該段第五、六句指出，青少年幼稚的政治知識源自對這一政治體系的不完全理解。由此可以推知，作者認為學校本身就是社會政治體系中的組成部分，學生從中可以學會理解這一體系，因此，B項正確。2.單選題By adapting to your mental condition, you can（ ）more in less time.問題1選項A.complementB.implementC.complime

27、ntD.accomplish【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A: complement “補足”；B: implement “實施”；C: ;compliment “恭維”；D: accomplish “完成”。句意：通過調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時間里完成更多任務。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。3.單選題If I take this medicine twice a day it should（ ）my cold.問題1選項A.heatB.cureC.treatD.recover【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A: heat “使溫暖，使發(fā)熱” ；B: cure “治療，治愈”；C:

28、 treat “對待；治療”；D: recover “恢復；重新獲得”。句意：假如這種藥我一天吃兩次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。結(jié)合此處語境，和感冒相關(guān)，故B為正確答案。4.單選題Though he is a competent engineer, it does no（ ）that he will make a successful factory director.問題1選項A.concludeB.followC.deduceD.doom【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: conclude “結(jié)束；終止” ；B: follow “跟隨，接著”；C: deduce “推論，推斷”；D: d

29、oom “命運；厄運”。句意：雖然他是一名稱職的工程師，但是，并不能推斷他將成為一名成功的廠長。結(jié)合語境，故選C選項。5.單選題（ ）the advances of science the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.問題1選項A.As forB.ExceptC.BesidesD.Despite【答案】D【解析】考查介詞。A: as for “至于” ；B: except “除之外”；C: besides “除之外（還有）”；D: despite “盡管”。句意：盡管科學不斷發(fā)展，老年的疼痛無疑總是伴隨著我們。結(jié)

30、合此處語境，D為正確答案。6.單選題Murovyovka Nature Park, a private nature reserve, is the result of the vision and determination of one man, Sergei Smirenski. The Moscow University Professor has gained the support of international funds as well as local officials, businessmen and Collective farms.Thanks to his eff

31、orts, the agricultural project is also under way to create an experimental farm to teach local farmers how to farm without the traditionally heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Two Wisconsin farmers, Don and Ellen Padley, spent last summer preparing land in Tanbovka district, where the

32、 park is located，and they will return this summer to plant it.Specialists from the University of Utah also came to study the local cattle industry, looking to develop possibilities for beef exports to Japan.Separately, 10 New Jersey school teachers will spend the summer in the district running summe

33、r camps for the local children that will stress field trips and lectures on the nature around them.These programs, particularly the agricultural project, are getting some support from the United States, including funding from the MacArthur Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and the US Agency

34、 for International Development. The Trust for Mutual Understanding and the Weedier Foundation are also supporting the International Crane Foundations work in creating the park.The World Bank is funding a small project to study the possibilities for ecotourism in theAinu basin region. Delta Dream Vac

35、ations, a Delta Airlines subsidiary, is looking into flights to Khabarovsk and Vladivostok for ecology tours, with some of the money going to support the zapovedniks (totally wild preserves used only for scientific research) in the region.But this money has also generated a jealous attempt by the lo

36、cal wildlife service to block the Murovyovka project.They said, Give us their money, and well do it better, Smirenski says. They went to the local court to get a court order to halt the contract. Although they were successful at that level, the Atom regional government, with encouragement from Mosco

37、w, has already moved to reverse the decision as illegal.I dont pay attention to this negative side. Smirenski says characteristic optimistic fashion. I decided we should continue to create.Beyond Murovyovka, there are even vaster grasslands and wetlands in the Amur basin that are vital nesting areas

38、 for rare birds such as the eastern white stork, and the red-crowned, white-napped; and hooded cranes. A complex of 100,000 hectares, for example, lies largely unprotected in Zhuravalini literally a place for cranes downstream from MurovyovkA.Creation of a national park, along for tourist use, has b

39、een proposed for this area.A key part of the conservation strategy is to gain the support of regional governments by getting them to see that such internationally backed nature projects can lead to business and other ties, particularly to countries like Japan and ChinA.For example, the cranes that n

40、est in Russia have been tracked by satellite to wintering grounds in Izumi, on Japans southern Kyushu IslanD.This linkage has proved useful bringing regional officials from both countries together.Last summer, 100 Japanese school children from the Tama region outside of Tokyo came to Khabarovsk on t

41、he Amen to experience the kind of untouched nature that has disappeared from Japan. As part of the exchange, the Mayor of Tama donated 26 secondhand fire trucks to his counterpart.After this the mayor of Khabarovsk said, Now I will listen to you, about your birds and all your problems. Recounts Smir

42、enski. Now the officials understand what cranes mean to them.1.A probable goal of the agricultural project is to（ ）.2.Summer camps in the area will（ ）.3.Projects connected with the development of the nature park are（ ）.4.The zapovedniks appear（ ）.5.The passage implies that projects like Murovyovka（

43、）.問題1選項A.reduce pollution in reserve farmlandsB.induce United Nations cooperationC.learn how local farms are operatedD.import new breeds of farm animals問題2選項A.be designed for foreign visitorsB.be educationalC.attract scientists and ecologistsD.house field laborers and their families Normal 0 7.8 磅 0

44、 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE問題3選項A.self sustainingB.narrow in scope and visionC.attracting world-wideattentionD.amassing scientific data問題4選項A.eager to support the Nature ParkB.opposed to outside fundingC.envious of the Parks successD.to have legal jurisdiction of the area問題5選項A.face insu

45、rmountable financial problemsB.take too much from local residentsC.increase the need for fire enginesD.can promote international cooperation【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:C第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞agricultural project定位到原文第二段“Thanks to his efforts, the agricultural project is also under way to create an expe

46、rimental farm to teach local farmers how to farm without the traditionally heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.”，中文翻譯：由于他的努力，農(nóng)業(yè)項目也在進行中，是為了建立一個試驗性農(nóng)場，教當?shù)剞r(nóng)民在不使用大量殺蟲劑和化肥這一傳統(tǒng)方法的情況下如何耕作。綜合考慮，選項A符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞summer camps定位到原文 “Separately, 10 New Jersey school teachers will spend the sum

47、mer in the district running summer camps for the local children that will stress field trips and lectures on the nature around them.”，中文翻譯：另外，10名新澤西學校的教師將在該地區(qū)為當?shù)貎和e辦夏令營，這些夏令營將強調(diào)實地考察和關(guān)于周圍大自然的講座。因此最佳答案為B選項。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文 “These programs, particularly the agricultural project, are getting some su

48、pport from.”，中文翻譯：“這些項目，特別是農(nóng)業(yè)項目，正得到多方支持，如”可以推斷出答案選擇C。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞zapovedniks定位到原文 “with some of the money going to support the zapovedniks (totally wild preserves used only for scientific research) in the region.”中文翻譯為：部分資金將用于支持該地區(qū)的zapovedniks(僅用于科學研究的野生保護區(qū))。以及文章中“But this money has also generate

49、d a jealous attempt by the local wildlife service to block the Murovyovka project.”，中文翻譯為：這筆錢也引起了當?shù)匾吧鷦游餀C構(gòu)的嫉妒，以阻止穆羅維約夫項目。可知，C項符合題目描述。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文“A key part of the conservation strategy is to gain the support of regional governments by getting them to see that such internationally backed nature

50、 projects can lead to business and other ties, particularly to countries like Japan and China.”，中文翻譯為：保護戰(zhàn)略的一個關(guān)鍵點是通過讓地方政府認識到這種國際支持的自然項目能夠建立商業(yè)和其他聯(lián)系，特別是與日本和中國這樣的國家建立聯(lián)系，從而獲得 區(qū)域政府的支持?？芍?。D選項正確。7.單選題At first, the（ ）of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible but with painstaking efforts and at

51、 great expense, it became a reality.問題1選項A.transactionB.transmissionC.transformationD.transition【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A選項 transaction “辦理，處理；業(yè)務，交易”；B選項 transmission “播送，發(fā)射，傳送”；C選項 transformation “變化，轉(zhuǎn)化”；D選項 transition “轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：起初，遠距離傳輸彩色圖片似乎是不可能的，但隨著人們的艱苦努力和花費的巨大的代價，它終于變成了現(xiàn)實。結(jié)合句意，表示傳輸彩色圖片，故B選項正確。8.單選

52、題It was with great delight that I read in your February（ ）the letter to the editor written by Prof. Johnson.問題1選項A.issueB.printingC.magazineD.copy【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: issue “（報刊或雜志）期刊” ；B: printing “印刷;印刷術(shù)”；C: magazine “雜志”；D: copy “一份；復制品”。句意：非常高興拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載有關(guān)約翰遜教授致編輯的信。結(jié)合此處語義，A為正確答案。9.單選題Her pr

53、ofessional ethics is now being questioned since she often（ ）her reports to suit the people she is speaking to.問題1選項A.disfiguresB.deformsC.misshapesD.distorts【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A: disfigures “丑化”；B: deforms “使變形”；C: misshapes “變成畸形”；D: distorts “扭曲”。句意：她專業(yè)的倫理學現(xiàn)在正被質(zhì)疑，因為她經(jīng)常扭曲她的報告來迎合她交談的人。根據(jù)句意，D符合題意。10.單選題

54、Her face was a fair（ ）to her disposition.問題1選項A.markB.indicationC.prefaceD.index.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: mark “斑點；記號；成績”；B: indication “指示；象征”；C: preface “序言，引語”；D: index “索引； 數(shù)指數(shù)；指示；標志”。 句意：她的臉是顯示她氣質(zhì)的一個很好的指標。根據(jù)語境和句意，D選項正確。11.單選題The dilemma I was caught in several years ago bears a close（ ）to the one y

55、ou are involved in today, so perhaps I can give you some advice.問題1選項A.likenessB.resemblanceC.analogyD.familiarity【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: likeness “相像；相似物；樣子”；B: resemblance “相似性”；C: analogy“類比，類似”；D: familiarity “熟悉，精通”。句意：幾年之前我經(jīng)歷的困境和你現(xiàn)在所處的困境是極其相似的，所以也許我能給你一些建議。結(jié)合此處語境，談及到兩者具有相似性，因此B為正確答案。12.單選題In this

56、 factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully（ ）.問題1選項A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A: admitted “承認” ；B: acknowledged “鳴謝；承認”；C: absorbed “吸收”；D: considered “考慮”。句意：在這家工廠里，建議往往要等上幾個月才能完全被采納。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。13.單選題（ ）of this change is the appe

57、arance of the two books under review.問題1選項A.IndicativeB.SuggestiveC.SymptomaticD.Expressive【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A: Indicative “象征的；指示的；表明的”；B: Suggestive “提示的；暗示的”；C: Symptomatic “有癥狀的；癥候的”；D: Expressive “表示的，有表現(xiàn)力的”。 句意：審查中的這兩本書的出現(xiàn)反映了這個變化。be indicative of “指示的；象征的；暗示的”,本句為表語前置，完全倒裝。因此A最合適。14.單選題All vi

58、sitors are requested to（ ）with the regulations.問題1選項A.abideB.complyC.consentD.conform【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A: abide with “與同住”；B: comply (with) “遵守”；C: consent “同意”；D: conform (to) “遵守”。句意：所有的游客都被要求遵守規(guī)則。根據(jù)句意以及固定搭配，選項B為正確答案。15.填空題Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable

59、 word.From the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first arose（1）water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge（2）mans ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365（3）. calendar in response（4）the Niles annual flooding. The Babylonians,

60、 who were among （5）most famous law-makers（6）antiquity, devised edicts regulating water usage. Water inspired the Chinese （7）build a 1,000 mile canal, a complex system（8）, after nearly 2,500 years, （9）still partly in use and still commands the awe of engineers. But the ancients never found complete s