細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件

1、Chapter 11 The extracellular matrix and interactions with cells Chapter 11 The extracellular mFigure19-31The connective tissue underlying an epithelial cell sheet.It consists largely of extracellular matrix that is secreted by the fibroblasts. Figure19-31The connective tiFigure19-32Scanning electron

2、 micrograph of fibroblasts in connective tissue.The tissue is from the cornea of a rat. The extracellular matrix surroun-ding the fibroblasts is composed largely of collagen fibrils. The glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans, which normally form a hydrated gel filling the interstices

3、of the fibrous network, have been removed by enzyme and acid treatment. (T. Nishida et al. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 29:1887-1890) Figure19-32Scanning electron細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件一 Glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan (一) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖一 Glycosaminoglycan and proteo細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課

4、件糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖（二）Proteoglycan (PG)A proteoglycan consists of a core protein molecule to which chains of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are covalently attached. A small and a large proteoglycan found in the ECM糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖（二）Proteoglycan (PG)A proteogl細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖polymorphism polymorphism 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件蛋白聚糖蛋白聚糖Functio

5、ns:糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖Functions:糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖Glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan and disease 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化：硫酸乙酰肝素和硫酸軟骨素下降，硫酸皮膚素升高糖氨聚糖糖氨聚糖Glycosaminoglycan and proteogl二 Collagen and elastin (一) collagen Most abundant animal protein (30% total)Hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline (25% of AA), glycine (30%)Collagens can

6、fold and cross-link into fibrils and networks20 different collagen genes over 7 chromosomes二 Collagen and elastin (一) colAll collagen molecules are trimers consisting of three polypeptide chains, called chains. All collagen molecules are triType I collagen in skin and bone; type II collagen in carti

7、lage; type IV collagen in basement membranes. Type I collagen in skin and boskinvesselscartilagebasement membranesType I collagen type II collagentype III collagentype IV collagenskinvesselscartilagebasement m細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件Interactions of fibrous collagens with non fibrous fibril-associated collagens.In te

8、ndonsIn cartilageInteractions of fibrous collag細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件Collagen Type IV forms the meshwork of basement membranes (basal lamina).Collagen Type IV forms the mes細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件糙面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)合成前鏈加工成膠原分子裝配成膠原原纖維聚集成膠原纖維前膠原分子膠 原 纖 維 的形 成 過 程包裝在分泌泡中分泌至細(xì)胞表面糙面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)合成前鏈加工成膠原分子裝配成膠原原纖維聚集成膠原Structures of the collagen 在膠原纖維內(nèi)部,原膠原蛋白分

9、子呈1/4交替平行排列,形成周期性橫紋。 Structures of the collagen 在膠細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件Function of collagen:Function of collagen:細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件Collagen disease Scurvy (壞血病)： Vitamin C deficiency 橙子等新鮮水果富含維生素C，維生素C是脯氨酰羥化酶的輔助因子，若維生素C缺乏，則前鏈羥基化不足、提前降解，導(dǎo)致含有膠原的皮膚、血管等脆性增大，出現(xiàn)出血等癥狀。James Lind 利用檸檬、柑橘（汁）有效預(yù)防并治療壞血病Collagen disease S

10、curvy (壞血病)：2. Osteogenesis imperfecta (成骨發(fā)育不全) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (愛-唐綜合征)3. Immunological collagen disease 2. Osteogenesis imperfecta (成骨可高度拉伸的皮膚“彈性皮膚人”James Morris異?？衫斓钠つw是一種遺傳綜合征的表現(xiàn)，由于V型膠原蛋白組裝或交聯(lián)中的缺陷所致?？筛叨壤斓钠つw“彈性皮膚人”(二) elastin (二) elastin 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件三 noncollagen adhesive protein (一

11、) Fibronectin (纖連蛋白，F(xiàn)N)(二) Laminin（層粘連蛋白）三 noncollagen adhesive protein(一) Fibronectin (纖連蛋白，F(xiàn)N)(一) Fibronectin (纖連蛋白，F(xiàn)N)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞結(jié)合位點(diǎn)，能與細(xì)胞表面受體結(jié)合細(xì)胞結(jié)合位點(diǎn)，能與細(xì)胞表面受體結(jié)合細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件Functions: Functions: FN and Disease FN and Disease (二) Laminin(二) Laminin細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件Functions: Functions: LN and DiseaseLN and

12、Disease（lamina basal）由細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)特化而成的薄層網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀結(jié)構(gòu)，由層黏連蛋白、型膠原等細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)成分組成。位于大多數(shù)上皮細(xì)胞層和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞層的下面，也可包繞在肌細(xì)胞、脂肪細(xì)胞等的周圍，使細(xì)胞與結(jié)締組織隔開?；つz原纖維上皮細(xì)胞基膜四 Basement membrane （lamina basal）由細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)特化而成的薄層網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀不同組織中基膜的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能有所不同將相鄰細(xì)胞聯(lián)系在一起形成完整的組織（平滑肌細(xì)胞周圍）調(diào)節(jié)吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入血液（小腸上皮下）起分子濾膜作用，阻止大分子通過，只讓某些小分子從血液進(jìn)入原尿（腎小球基底膜）。肌肉上皮細(xì)胞腎小球不同組織中基膜的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能有所不同將

13、相鄰細(xì)胞聯(lián)系在一起形成完細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件 巢蛋白 巢蛋白基膜成分:滲濾素膠原層粘連蛋白nidogen整合素基膜的分子結(jié)構(gòu)模型基膜成分:滲濾素膠原層粘連蛋白nidogen整合素基膜的分細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件Basal lamina FunctionBasal lamina FunctionInteractions between ECM and cells Interactions between ECM and c細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件外胚層細(xì)胞內(nèi)胚層細(xì)胞前羊膜腔凋亡細(xì)胞基 膜上皮細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞一旦脫離了細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)就會(huì)發(fā)生凋亡 胚胎發(fā)育過程中的“失巢凋亡”促進(jìn)管腔形成外胚層細(xì)胞內(nèi)胚層細(xì)胞前羊膜腔凋亡細(xì)胞基 膜上

14、皮細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)課件細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)由細(xì)胞分泌的多種大分子組成的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，充滿著細(xì)胞之間的大小間隙，為細(xì)胞提供一種有組織的外環(huán)境。本章小結(jié)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的主要成分為膠原、彈性蛋白、纖黏連蛋白、層黏連蛋白、糖胺聚糖和蛋白聚糖。基膜由細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)特化而成的薄層網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)與細(xì)胞的相互關(guān)系細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)由細(xì)胞分泌的多種大分子組成的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，充滿著細(xì)思考題名詞：細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)Extracellular Matrix (ECM)問答1.細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)都包括哪些成分？各種成分的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是什么？起何作用？2.膠原纖維分子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是什么？其裝配過程都經(jīng)過哪些步驟？3.纖連蛋白與層粘

15、連蛋白分子有哪些結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)？如何發(fā)揮作用？4.基膜（basal lamina）的結(jié)構(gòu)是如何組織的？基本作用是什么？思考題名詞：細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)Extracellular MatriChemical componentsmodel第四章 細(xì)胞膜與物質(zhì)的穿膜運(yùn)輸Chemical componentsmodel第四章 Small molecule transportLarge molecule and particle transportpassiveactive（載體介導(dǎo)運(yùn)輸）Simple diffusion自由擴(kuò)散Ion channels 離子通道Carrier protein mediated facilitated diffusion載體介導(dǎo)的易化擴(kuò)散Ion pump 離子泵Cotransport 協(xié)同運(yùn)輸symport antiportexcytosisendocytosisphagocytosispinocytosisReceptor mediated endocytosisCel