高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Subjunctive)語(yǔ)法課件

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中)；二是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句虛擬語(yǔ)氣例句1.If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你)2.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來(lái)幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。 (與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)3.If it

2、were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來(lái)看你。 (與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在if非真實(shí)條件句中如果虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句中用 should + 動(dòng)詞原形的話，主句也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示 防備，以防萬(wàn)一等含義.If it should rain tomorrow, dont wait for me. 萬(wàn)一明天下雨，不要等我了.If Tom should bleed again, call me.萬(wàn)一Tom又流血了， 打電話給我.當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)當(dāng)做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整1)if you had

3、 followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now.2)If the doctor had come sooner last night, Tom would be alive now. 3)If he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would be fine now.(從句與過(guò)去相反，主句與現(xiàn)在相反)在if非真實(shí)條件句中 混合型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝的If虛擬句如果條件句為否定句，not 應(yīng)該放在主語(yǔ)后不能與were, had(助動(dòng)詞),和should連寫放在句首. If I were not bu

4、sy, I would go with you.= Were I not busy, I would go with you.含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有些句子中，沒(méi)有表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的詞，但是根據(jù)前后句意，要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station. Given more time, he could have done it better.I should have visited you y

5、esterday, but I was busy.The tree died, I should have watered it.Everything taken into consideration(=if everything had been taken into consideration), they would have raised their output quickly.With better equipment, we could have done it better.要是有好的設(shè)備，我們本可以做的更好。Without your help, I couldnt have

6、succeeded.要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我不可能成功的。But for the storm, we could have arrived earlier.要不是這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨，我們本可以早點(diǎn)到的。Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the

7、 desert.從句接should+動(dòng)原的虛擬 1) 動(dòng)詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, advice etc.引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,以(should) + v原的形式現(xiàn)。 We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first. The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.2) It is/

8、was suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required )that 后面的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也以 ( should )+ v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。E.g. Its ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin. Its requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at sc

9、hool.注意：以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也應(yīng)以(should) + v原. 的形式出現(xiàn)。 My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here.The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time 3)It is/was necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬,即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形I

10、t is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States. If only 要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his nam

11、e now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了.Would rather that現(xiàn)在/未來(lái)：過(guò)去：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I w

12、ould rather you came tomorrow.過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)Intend, hope, want, plan, mean 等的過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式不定式用完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣.He had hoped for a better job, but he didnt get it.I had meant to go on Sunday but have stayed on.I intended to have helped him, but I was very busy at that time.考點(diǎn)鏈接1.fired，your health ca

13、re and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006 湖北) A would you be B should you be C could you be D might you be 2.-Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York.-I agree. but the problem is _he has refused to.(2005,江蘇)A will not be sent; that B not be sent ; that C shou

14、ld not be sent; what D should not send; whatBB虛擬語(yǔ)氣Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have metMore ExercisesAD虛擬語(yǔ)氣3. If only I _ to my

15、parents! But I didnt. A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneBAB虛擬語(yǔ)氣6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得

16、飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. beenCA虛擬語(yǔ)氣8. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had9. I dont think it is the right time t

17、hat you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenDBC虛擬1.Jack fell off the ladder yesterday ,but fortunately he fell off on the soft grass. What a lucky dog! He_(本來(lái)可能傷害) himself

18、badly.2.What a pity! I missed the last concert of the year . Oh ,not at all. It was so terrible. in fact, I would rather_ (我沒(méi)去過(guò)) there .(be)3.The young man demanded that he_ (被送去工作)in the west of China .(send)I hadnt beencould have injured should be sent to work虛擬4.My parents insisted that children_(不被理睬)when they made noises for no rea