2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號64

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Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.

Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.

Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】【參考譯文】

幾乎每一種媒體，包括電視、報紙和雜志，都把許多焦點放在名人的私生活上。公眾似乎對這類新聞一直感興趣。然而，我認(rèn)為媒體有責(zé)任以公正的觀點報道時事，并尊重公眾人物的生活。因此，我認(rèn)為媒體確實過分關(guān)注名人的私生活。

因為有些人對公眾人物的生活很著迷，所以有些媒體就專門報道這個話題。他們可以通過購買針對歌迷發(fā)行的雜志和觀看電視節(jié)目的娛樂新聞來滿足自己的好奇心。一般媒體應(yīng)該提供所有類型的信息，因為人們的興趣各不相同。此外，老是糾纏于名人的私生活會讓人們比平時更關(guān)注這些事情。也許最重要的是，媒體應(yīng)該尊重每個人的隱私，包括公眾人物的隱私。他們可能選擇了出現(xiàn)在公眾的視線中，但那并不表示大眾有權(quán)知道他們的一切。此外，許多關(guān)于名人的故事都是不真實的；它們只是用來增加雜志和其他媒體銷量的八卦報道。那些不實的報道不僅對名人不公平，還會誤導(dǎo)公眾。

基于所有這些理由，我認(rèn)為媒體應(yīng)該多關(guān)注公眾人物私生活以外的事情。通過這種方式，他們可以吸引更廣泛的受眾，并鼓勵人們培養(yǎng)其他興趣。在我看來，目前的媒體過于關(guān)注公眾人物以及他們的私生活。

2.單選題

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavorasan（）toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

問題1選項

A.option

B.alternative

C.supplement

D.addition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項option“選項；選擇權(quán)；買賣的特權(quán)”；B選項alternative“替換物，替代品”；C選項supplement“增補，補充”；D選項addition“添加；加法；增加物”。句意：在銷售放緩在這一年早些時候開始出現(xiàn)后，流動房屋作為日益昂貴的傳統(tǒng)房屋的一種替代物而一直受到青睞。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

3.單選題

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

問題1選項

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對的”；B選項maximum“最多的；最大極限的”；C選項constrained“拘泥的；被強迫的；不舒服的”；D選項serene“平靜的；晴朗的”。句意：在這場暴風(fēng)來臨之前，我們?nèi)釒Ш┒燃賱俚氐亩燃偈欠浅Ｆ届o的。結(jié)合此處語義，D選項正確。

4.單選題

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞同義辨析。A選項complicated“難懂的，復(fù)雜的”；B選項inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合邏輯的”；C選項fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D選項blatant“喧囂的；公然的；炫耀的；俗麗的”。句意：新手作家時常擁有的一個錯誤想法是句子結(jié)構(gòu)反映想法，即結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜，那么想法也就越復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意判斷出A選項正確。

5.單選題

Arecentofhomebuyingpatterns（）showsthatmanypeopleunder30inAmericaarestillrenting.

問題1選項

A.status

B.bonus

C.chorus

D.census

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項status“地位；狀態(tài)”；B選項bonus“獎金；紅利；額外津貼”；C選項chorus“合唱隊；齊聲”；D選項census“人口普查；普查”。句意：針對住宅購買模式的一項最近普查顯示，在美國很多30歲以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D選項正確。

6.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（）thelittlerainthatfellyesterday.

問題1選項

A.absorbed

B.drained

C.digested

D.soaked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項absorb“吸收；使……全神貫注”；B選項drain“耗盡；使流出”；C選項digest“消化；融會貫通”；D選項soak“使浸泡，使浸漬”。句意：在許多個星期無雨后，地面很快地吸收了昨天下的小雨。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

7.單選題

Absorbedinherwork,shewastotally（）hersurroundings.

問題1選項

A.liablefor

B.obliviousof

C.competitivewith

D.ingeniousat

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項liablefor“對……有責(zé)任”；B選項obliviousof“未覺察”；C選項competitivewith“可與……競爭”；D選項ingeniousat“善于”。句意：她沉迷于自己的工作中，完全沒有覺察到周圍的事物。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

8.單選題

TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits（）companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.

問題1選項

A.subsidiary

B.ultimate

C.inferior

D.precedented

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項subsidiary“附屬的；輔助的”；B選項ultimate“最終的；極限的；根本的”；C選項inferior“差的；自卑的；下等的”；D選項precedented“有先例的”。句意：這家石油公司的總部在倫敦，而它的附屬公司卻位于世界的不同地方。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項正確。

9.單選題

Thegirl’s（）conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

問題1選項

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項moot“無實際意義的；未決議的”；B選項prestigious“有名望的；享有聲望的”；C選項abject“卑鄙的；不幸的；可憐的；（境況）凄慘的”；D選項meretricious“俗氣的；華麗而庸俗的”。句意：這位女孩可憐的狀況是因她不能為校友返校節(jié)而找到一件完美的禮服。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

10.單選題

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

問題1選項

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項abortion“流產(chǎn)，墮胎，（計劃等）失敗”；B選項absorption“吸收；全神貫注，專心致志”；C選項abolition“廢除；廢止”；D選項abomination“厭惡；憎恨；令人厭惡的事物”。句意：他們?yōu)閺氐讖U除奴隸制度工作了如此長的時間，以至于將自己的青春奉獻給了這個理想。結(jié)合句意，C選項正確。

11.單選題

She（）toeveryonethatalthoughherfatherwasinjailshewasanupstandingcitizen.

問題1選項

A.venerated

B.veered

C.denounced

D.avowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項venerate“崇敬，尊敬”；B選項veer“使轉(zhuǎn)向；使順風(fēng)”；C選項denounce“譴責(zé)；告發(fā)”；D選項avow“承認(rèn)；公開宣稱；坦率承認(rèn)”。句意：她向所有人公開宣稱，盡管她的父親坐牢，但是她卻是一位正直的市民。根據(jù)句意，選項D正確。

12.單選題

Accordingtothenewspapercritic,theperformancesatthetalentcontestlastnight（）fromacceptabletoexcellent.

問題1選項

A.varied

B.receded

C.averaged

D.declined

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項vary“變化；變異”；B選項recede“后退；減弱”；C選項average“平均為”；D選項decline“下降；衰落；謝絕”。句意：這份報紙的評論家稱，昨晚才藝大賽上的表演在從可接受的到極好的范圍變化著。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

13.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

問題1選項

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regime“政權(quán)；政體；社會制度；管理體制”；B選項prestige“威望；聲望；聲譽”；C選項superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)勢”；D選項legislature“立法機關(guān)；立法機構(gòu)”。句意：在一個給予那些有進取心且相當(dāng)有競爭力的人很多聲譽的社會里，大衛(wèi)傾向于認(rèn)為自己無用且不被該社會所需要。根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

14.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.

問題1選項

A.proportion

B.proposition

C.proposal

D.proponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto“與……比較起來”。句意：同他的收入相比較，他在度假和奢侈品上的花費太高了。結(jié)合此處語義，A選項正確。

15.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

問題1選項

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

問題2選項

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

問題3選項

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

問題4選項

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

問題5選項

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責(zé)。因此C選項“批評一種現(xiàn)代的環(huán)境哲學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責(zé)。對應(yīng)D選項“不公平地被恢復(fù)主義者批評”。因此D項符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻譯為：對二元論的不滿有一段時間顯著地出現(xiàn)在環(huán)保主義者對主流工業(yè)社會的不滿上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出現(xiàn)，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來支持這種譴責(zé)。可知答案為A項“討論一個次要的問題來充當(dāng)對一個重要問題進行更詳細(xì)檢查的前奏”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻譯為：如果我們可以將生物圈看成是一個單獨的生物體且將人類等同于大腦（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我們應(yīng)該有一個更符合恢復(fù)主義者觀點的模式。因此A項“Turner和Jordan對恢復(fù)主義者計劃的描述相比社區(qū)參與模式，更接近有機體模式”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻譯為：然而，有關(guān)恢復(fù)主義者觀點的關(guān)鍵問題是恢復(fù)計劃本身忠實于恢復(fù)的基本原則（即自然和人類在根本上是統(tǒng)一的，而不是分開的）的程度。因此可知答案為B“他們的計劃與他們的原則不一致”。

16.單選題

Eighteenisthe（）votingageinourcountry.

問題1選項

A.minimal

B.minimum

C.minute

D.miniature

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項minimal“極小的；極少的”；B選項minimum“最小的；最低的”；C選項minute“微小的，詳細(xì)的”；D選項miniature“微型的，小規(guī)模的”。句意：18歲在我們的國家是最小的投票年齡。結(jié)合句意可知B選項正確。

17.單選題

Theschoolmaster（）thegirl’sbraveryinhisopeningspeech.

問題1選項

A.applauded

B.enhanced

C.elevated

D.clapped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項applaud“贊同；稱贊”；B選項enhance“提高；加強；增加”；C選項elevate“提高；舉起；抬高”；D選項clap“拍手；鼓掌；輕輕拍打某人”。句意：校長在開幕致辭上稱贊了這個女孩的勇敢行為。因此A選項正確。

18.單選題

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘IwishI（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

問題1選項

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

問題2選項

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

問題3選項

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

問題4選項

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

問題5選項

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

問題6選項

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

問題7選項

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

問題8選項

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

問題9選項

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

問題10選項

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

問題11選項

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

問題12選項

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

問題13選項

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

問題14選項

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

問題15選項

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

問題16選項

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

問題17選項

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

問題18選項

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

問題19選項

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

問題20選項

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

問題21選項

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問題22選項

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

問題23選項

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

問題24選項

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

問題25選項

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

問題26選項

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

問題27選項

A.originate

B.derive

C.benefit

D.result

問題28選項

A.passedup

B.turnedup

C.madeup

D.takenup

問題29選項

A.even

B.never

C.still

D.ever

問題30選項

A.spend

B.hadspent

C.spent

D.wouldspend

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:B

第21題:D

第22題:A

第23題:B

第24題:A

第25題:C

第26題:D

第27題:C

第28題:A

第29題:D

第30題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。選項后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”，中文翻譯為：我們都有罪惡的快樂。下文又說“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”，中文翻譯為：我們?nèi)粘５臎Q定通常是由一種根深蒂固的感覺所支配的……可知選項處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故A項最符合。

2.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的“near-termregrets近期遺憾”“l(fā)ong-termregrets長期遺憾”以及“overthelongterm長期來看”可知A選項“從長遠(yuǎn)看”正確。

3.【試題解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項deliberately“故意地；謹(jǐn)慎地”；B選項impulsively“沖動地；有推動力地”；C選項consciously“自覺地；有意識地”；D選項compulsively“強制地，強迫地”。聯(lián)系上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻譯為：如果我們重視工作而不是休閑、選擇必需品而不是奢侈品，推斷出空格處選B。

4.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項grow“使生長；種植；擴展”；B選項increase“增加”；C選項feed“喂養(yǎng)”；D選項arouse“引起”。根據(jù)語境和句意，后面搭配strongregrets，譯為“強烈的遺憾”可知D選項正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”，中文大意為：面對于沒有在休息時間工作、學(xué)習(xí)或存錢的遺憾則隨著時間的推移而減少。因此判斷出空格處表示減少的意思，A選項正確。

6.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項anticipate“預(yù)料，期望”；B選項realize“實現(xiàn)；認(rèn)識到；了解”；C選項abandon“遺棄；放棄”；D選項recall“召回；回想起，記起；取消”。聯(lián)系下文“anticipatedregret”意為：預(yù)料遺憾，可知A選項正確。

7.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項investigate“調(diào)查；研究”；B選項explore“探索；探測；探險”；C選項examine“檢查；審查”；D選項involve“包含；牽涉；使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”，中文翻譯為：我們的研究，可知A選項正確。

8.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。regretoversth.“對……感到遺憾（或后悔）”，故C選項正確。

9.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知D選項正確。

10.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項similar“類似的”；B選項different“不同的；個別的，與眾不同的”；C選項alike“相似的；相同的”；D選項related“有關(guān)系的”。結(jié)合下文betweenworkandpleasure“在工作和娛樂之間”可知該空格處應(yīng)表示類似的模式。因此可知A選項正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻譯為：商人看待在工作和娛樂之間過去的選擇。判斷出正確答案為A“如何”。

12.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。對應(yīng)下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻譯為：然而，過去盡職的那些人經(jīng)歷日益增強的……判斷出最符合語境句意的選項為C“越來越少的”。

13.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。missouton“錯過機會”，故選B。

14.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻譯為：一種過度的遠(yuǎn)見，可知此處對應(yīng)D項“遭受”。

15.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。聯(lián)系下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻譯為：他們專注于……做事負(fù)責(zé)且他們將放縱看成是浪費的、不負(fù)責(zé)的甚至不道德的。結(jié)合“yieldingtotemptation”“屈服于誘惑”判斷應(yīng)選A“而不是”。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項require“需要；要求”；B選項inquire“詢問；查究；問明”；C選項acquire“獲得；學(xué)到；捕獲”；D選項enquire“詢問；調(diào)查；問候”。結(jié)合下文necessities“必需品”，可知最佳答案為C。

17.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻譯為：這些消費者恰恰避開他們極其喜愛的這些產(chǎn)品和經(jīng)歷，可以判斷出選項處應(yīng)表示“結(jié)果”。答案為C。

18.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。advocatedoingsth.“提倡做某事”，并且此處為主動語態(tài)。答案為D。

19.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項regret“后悔；惋惜；哀悼”；B選項appreciate“感激；領(lǐng)會”；C選項decline“謝絕；婉拒”；D選項value“評價；重視”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“但是市場營銷者能幫助消費者做出適當(dāng)放縱的選擇”和下文overthelongterm“從長期來看”可以推測出答案為B。

20.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項inpublic“公開地，當(dāng)眾”；B選項inadvance“預(yù)先，提前”；C選項ingeneral“總之”；D選項indetail“詳細(xì)地”。結(jié)合下文Aftertheshoppingtrip“在購物之旅后”可以判斷出最符合的答案是選項B。

21.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項chance“機會，際遇；運氣”；B選項opportunity“時機，機會”；C選項capability“才能，能力；性能，容量”；D選項possibility“可能性；可能發(fā)生的事物”。聯(lián)系下文可知正確選項為D。

22.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”?？芍狝選項為最佳答案。

23.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項attract“吸引”；B選項cause“引起；使遭受；給……帶來”；C選項render“致使；提出”；D選項create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作”。結(jié)合后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻譯為：最大的遺憾，可知最佳答案為B。

24.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上文“Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻譯為：在這個購物之旅后，我們檢查了這些消費者實際購買的東西，可以判斷選項A“如我們所料”正確。

25.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“傾向于做某事”，結(jié)合上下文可知答案為C。

26.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項unless“除非，如果不”；B選項although“盡管；雖然”；C選項when“當(dāng)……時”；D選項whereas“然而”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此處應(yīng)該表示“然而”，故答案為D。

27.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文“Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”，中文翻譯為：消費者也可以從這些提示中受益，可知C為最佳答案。

28.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。聯(lián)系上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”，中文翻譯為：放棄這個放縱的選擇，和下文“afamilyvacation”，中文翻譯為：一個家庭度假，可知此處應(yīng)為forgo的近義詞，故選A。

29.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項even“甚至，連，即使；更加”；B選項never“從未；決不”；C選項still“仍然；靜止地”；D選項ever“永遠(yuǎn)；曾經(jīng)；究竟”。聯(lián)系上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻譯為：沒有人在彌留之際，判斷出D為最佳答案。

30.【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻譯為：沒有人在彌留之際，以及空格前的wish可知此處為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，從句的謂語動詞用would/couldhavedone?？芍鸢笧锽。

19.單選題

Thecontestantshadtostaywithinthe（）oftheplayingfieldortheywouldbeeliminated.

問題1選項

A.symptomatic

B.corollary

C.pundit

D.parameter

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項symptomatic“有癥狀的；癥候的”；B選項corollary“推論；必然的結(jié)果”；C選項pundit“專家；博學(xué)者；梵文學(xué)者”；D選項parameter“參數(shù)；起限定作用的因素；界限”。句意：參賽者必須停留在比賽場地的界限內(nèi)，否則他們將被淘汰。結(jié)合此處語義，D選項正確。

20.單選題

DespiteDenmark’smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You’resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs..It’sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one’sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon’tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople―that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsof