2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-上海交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)69

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-上海交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。courtesy"禮貌的",demonstrate"舉行示威游行（或集會(huì)）;說(shuō)明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其來(lái)的念頭;剌激,推動(dòng)力"。句意：當(dāng)她得知自己打破了世界紀(jì)錄時(shí)，情不自禁地在領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)上落淚了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Watchingnewsprogramatnighthasbecomean（）partofthelivesofmostpeopleinbigcities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.automotive

B.instructive

C.unconventional

D.integral

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。automotive自動(dòng)的；instructive有教育意義的；unconventional不按照慣例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。句意：晚上看新聞節(jié)目已經(jīng)成為大多數(shù)城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Therearelawstospecifytheperson（s）whowillobtainadeadperson's（）ifnowillexists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heritage

B.fame

C.estate

D.prestige

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。heritage遺產(chǎn);fame名聲;estate房地產(chǎn),財(cái)產(chǎn);prestige威望。句意：法律規(guī)定,如果沒有遺囑,誰(shuí)將獲得死者的遺產(chǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Ican't（）myeagerwhenIhearofpeoplebeingcrueltoanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrain

B.alleviate

C.deteriorate

D.relieve

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。restrain"抑制,控制";alleviate"減輕,緩和";deteriorate"惡化,變壞";relieve"解除,減輕"。這里指不能控制自己的情緒,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

Doyouknowthefactthatbroadbeancontain（）thatmustbedestroyedbycookingthemathightemperaturebeforeeatingthem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flake

B.aroma

C.ether

D.toxin

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。flake"小薄片，火花";aroma"芳香,香味";ether"乙醚";toxin"毒素"。句意：你知道嗎？蠶豆含有毒素，吃之前必須用高溫烹煮。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

ThejokesBilltoldinanefforttocheerusupdidn'tquite（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeoff

B.takeoff

C.gooff

D.getthrough

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeoff成功,奏效;takeoff脫下,離開;gooff變質(zhì);getthrough通過(guò)。句意：比爾為了使我們高興而講的笑話沒有完全奏效。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Totakerevengeofthedefeatlastyear,eachplayerwasmakinghis（）towinthematch.Eventheirfanswerecheeringforthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setback

B.endeavor

C.remnant

D.distinction

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。setback挫敗，退步；endeavor努力，嘗試；remnant剩余；distinction區(qū)別，差別。句意：為了彌補(bǔ)去年的失敗，每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員都在努力贏得比賽。甚至他們的球迷也在為他們歡呼。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Withacandleinhand,hecarefully（）theflightofnarrowstairstohisbedroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asserted

B.ascertained

C.assembled

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。assert斷言，堅(jiān)持，維護(hù)；ascertain查明，確定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿著蠟燭，小心翼翼地登上狹窄的樓梯，來(lái)到自己的臥室。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thedoctorinformedhispatientthatthedrugwasvery（）andcanhaveunpleasantside-effects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.potent

B.efficient

C.intricate

D.fragile

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。potent"（藥等）有效力的,有說(shuō)服力的";efficient"有能力的,效率高的",一般指辦事效率;intricate"錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的";fragile"易碎的,脆弱的"。句意：醫(yī)生告訴他的病人這種藥的藥效很強(qiáng)，而且可能有副作用。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Whenhelefthighschool,he（）togotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangetajobstraightaway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.opted

B.forwent

C.indulged

D.excelled

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。opt選擇，opttodosth.指選擇做某事；forwent摒棄，放棄；indulge沉溺，放縱，后面一般接介詞in；excelled超過(guò)，一般與at或in搭配。句意：高中畢業(yè)后，他選擇上大學(xué)攻讀學(xué)位，而不是直接找工作。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。vitality生機(jī)，活力；jurisdiction司法權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；hierarchy層次，層級(jí)，等級(jí)制度；bureaucracy官僚主義。句意：和大多數(shù)等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的美國(guó)公司一樣，工人和經(jīng)理們也有嚴(yán)格定義的職責(zé)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Theyignoredhim,despitehisrepeated（）thathewasnotonthesceneofmurderthatevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assumptions

B.suppositions

C.affirmations

D.confirmations

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。assumption"假定,設(shè)想";supposition"猜測(cè),推測(cè)";affirmation"斷言,認(rèn)定";confirmation"證實(shí),確認(rèn)"。句意：盡管他一再申明那天晚上他不在謀殺現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，他們對(duì)他還是置之不理。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Hehadaquarrelwithhiswifeandjust（）her.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becameof

B.gotholdof

C.walkedouton

D.passedover

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。becameof"使遭遇……;……降臨于;發(fā)生……情況";gotholdof"抓住;握住,占有";walkedouton"丟在一邊";passedover"越過(guò);忽略;寬恕;回避"。句意：他和妻子吵了一架,然后把她丟在一邊。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Canyouexplainthis（）oftenyearsinyourjobhistorywhichyouhavenotaccountedfor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.gap

C.split

D.paring

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。interruption"中斷,干擾";gap"缺口,差距,間隔";split"劈裂,裂縫;paring"削皮"。選項(xiàng)中只有g(shù)ap可以表示時(shí)間的間隔。句意：你能解釋一下在你的工作經(jīng)歷中你沒有解釋的十年空白期嗎?選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Thecolorandsmellofwaterintheserivers（）itselfhowseriousthepollutionisbutmanypeoplearestillignoringhefact.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illustrates

B.demonstrates

C.manifests

D.exemplifies

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析題。manifestoneself"顯現(xiàn),顯露";illustrate"說(shuō)明,闡明";demonstrate"舉行示威游行（或集會(huì)）;說(shuō)明";exemplify"例示，舉例證明"。句意：這些河水的顏色和氣味表明了污染的嚴(yán)重性，但是許多人仍然忽視了這個(gè)事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

16.單選題

Ourprogramisdifferent（）itstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekastheyincorporatetheinternetintotheirenterprisesystems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nowthat

B.inthat

C.incase

D.regardlessof

【答案】B

【解析】nowthat"既然";inthat"由于";incase"萬(wàn)一,假使";regardlessof"不管,不顧"。句意：我們的項(xiàng)目不同,它強(qiáng)調(diào)了商業(yè)和工業(yè)在將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)融入企業(yè)系統(tǒng)時(shí)所尋求的技術(shù)技能。前后為因果關(guān)系。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.單選題

People'sviewonqualityeducation（）fromindividualtoindividual.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.changes

B.varies

C.alters

D.transforms

【答案】B

【解析】changefrom...to…."由……改變?yōu)椤?;varyfrom...to…."從……到……不同";alterfrom...to..."由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?;transformfrom...to…"由……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?。句意：人們對(duì)素質(zhì)教育的看法因人而異。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery（）.Ilearnedalotfromher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建沒性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初級(jí)的"。句意：她批評(píng)了我的寫作，但批評(píng)的方式很有建設(shè)性。我從她身上學(xué)到了很多。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Arithmeticistheonefundamentalscience,（）allotherphysicalsciences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undermining

B.undertaking

C.underscoring

D.underlying

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。undermine破壞，毀壞；undertake承擔(dān)，從事；underscore強(qiáng)調(diào)；underlie成為…的基礎(chǔ)，位于…之下。句意：算術(shù)是一門基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，是所有其他物理科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.單選題

Sheboughtahousenearthesealastyearsoshecouldtakea（）alongthebeachwhenevershewantedto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stroll

B.stride

C.stretch

D.strand

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。stroll"散步,漫步";stride"大步";stretch"延伸,延續(xù)";strand"（線、繩、發(fā)的）股;縷"。句意：她去年在海邊買了一所房子，這樣她就可以隨時(shí)在海灘上散步了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

Whenmostpeoplethinkaboutchangingtheirbodyshape,theyusuallyfocusonjustlosingweight.BooksandmagazinesaboutdietingareamongthemostpopularintheworlD.Dietingisanimportantpartofstayingfitandhealthy,butlosingweightbymeansofdietingtakestime;losingweighttoofastcancausegreathealthproblems.Dietingmeanschangingone'seatinghabitstoahealthierpattern,butmanywomenmistaketheconceptofdietingandthinkthatthelessoneeats,thebetter.Asaresult,theylosehealthaswellasweight.

Aerobicexerciseisamoderateintensityworkoutthat,overacertainperiodoftime,willimprovethebody'suseofoxygen.Nowadaysaerobicexercisehasbecomeaverytrendyworkoutamongyouths.Notonlyisperformingaerobicexerciseinteresting,butitisalsoverybeneficialforhealth.Therearedifferenttypesofaerobicslikejogging,swimming,kickboxing,fitnesswalking,inlineskating,bicycling,etC.Aerobicsstrengthenstheheartandlungs.Itisalsoespeciallypopularwithwomen.

Butneitherofthesetwomethods,dietingandaerobics,canhelpshapethebody.Todothisyouneedtobuildmuscle.So,ifafirmerandshapelierbodyisyourgoal,60percentofyourexerciseroutineshouldinvolvestrengtheningmoves,andonly30percentshouldbeaerobicexercises.

Foraproperbody-shapingroutine,youshouldplanthreestrength-trainingsessionsaweekwithweights.Useweightswhichareasheavyaspossiblewhilestillallowingyoutodo8to12repsofeachexercise.Doonetothreeexercisesforeachmusclegroups-forexample,chestandbiceps,orback,shouldersandtriceps.

Youshouldcombinethiswithfast-pacedaerobicsactivities,likeswimming,cycling,walking,running,orin-lineskating,planthreetofourworkoutsaweek,15to20minuteseach,increasingthepaceeachweek.

Asyoubuildmuscle,youmayfindthatyougainweightinspiteofallofyourcalorie-burningexercise.Don'tworry.It'sprobablymuscle,whichisdenserthanfat.Andmuscleisalsoacalorie-burningtissue.Withmoremuscle,youcanburnmorecalories,evenwhenyouarenotexercising.

Whenyouaretryingtobuildmuscle,youneedtwotothreeservingofproteinaday,butthemainpartofyourdietshouldbecarbohydrates.Andinordertogettheenergyyouneedforahigh-intensityworkout,youshouldeatsomething,especiallycarbohydrates,anhourorsobeforeyourworkout.

Whileweighttrainingwillfirmandshapeyourbody,ithasotherbenefitstoo.Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutdieting?

2."Workouts"includeallthefollowingexcept（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthesuggestionsgiveninthepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.What'stheultimatepurposeofstrength-trainingwithweights?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Dietingisaboutchangingone'seatinghabits.

B.Dietingdoesnotnecessarilymeaneatinglessthanoneusedto.

C.Dietingdoesnotnecessarilymeanlosingweight.

D.Losingweightisboundtocausegreathealthproblems.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bicycling

B.dieting

C.weighttraining

D.aerobicexercise

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Exerciseshouldbedoneforeachmajorgroupofmuscles.

B.Whenyoudoweight-training,theweightsyouuseshouldbeasheavyaspossible.

C.Goonaproperdietformuscle-building.

D.Muscle-buildingexerciseshouldbecombinedwithaerobicactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Muscle-buildingexerciseresultsinweight-gaining,butthatisnotaproblemtoworryabout.

B.Musclehelpsonekeepfit.

C.Improvedmusclestrengthcanleadtoahigherqualityoflife.

D.Weight-traininghelpsshapeupyoubody.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toincreasethepaceofyouraerobicexercise.

B.Toburnmorecaloriesandloseweight.

C.Tobuildmuscleandloseweight.

D.Toshapeyourbodyandmakeyourlifemoreenjoyable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句"Dietingmeanschanging...oneeats,thebetter."可知選項(xiàng)A和B均正確；根據(jù)第一段第三句的上半句"Dietingisanimportantpartofstayingfitandhealthy,..."可知選項(xiàng)C正確；根據(jù)第一段第三句的下半句"losingweighttoofastcancausegreathealthproblems."減肥過(guò)快會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的健康問題。選項(xiàng)D缺少toofast這個(gè)條件,所以不正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Butneitherofthesetwomethods,dietingandaerobics,canhelpshapethebody."可知dieting和workout是并列關(guān)系,并非包含關(guān)系。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句"Useweightswhichareasheavyaspossiblewhilestillallowingyoutodo8to12repsofeachexercise."盡可能使用重的杠鈴,同時(shí)還能做8到12次的鍛煉。而不是選項(xiàng)B中所說(shuō)的越重越好,所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)末段的最后一句"Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife.".健康狀況的改善才能提髙生活質(zhì)量,而不是增加肌肉力量,選項(xiàng)C本末倒置,所以錯(cuò)誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)末段的最后一句"Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife."體能訓(xùn)練的最終目的是改善健康狀況,從而提髙生活質(zhì)量。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

22.單選題

Thetroopswereina（）position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eminent

B.brutal

C.vulnerable

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal殘忍的;vulnerable易受攻擊的;adequate充足的。句意：部隊(duì)處于易受攻擊的位置,完全暴露了。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

23.單選題

（）frompower,hehadtogobacktohishometownandtoilinhislittlefarm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Relinquished

B.Tumbled

C.Displaced

D.Retrieved

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。Relinquished放棄；Tumbled倒塌，猛跌；Displaced取代；Retrieved重新取回，挽救。句意：失去權(quán)力后，他不得不回到家鄉(xiāng)，在他的小農(nóng)場(chǎng)里勞作。relinquishpower指被迫交出權(quán)力。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

24.單選題

Noonereallyknowswhocomposedthispieceofmusic,butithadbeen（）toBach.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.associated

B.identified

C.attributed

D.considered

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。associate通常與with搭配,意為"交往,結(jié)合";identifyto"認(rèn)出,識(shí)別";attributeto"歸屬,把……歸于",consider不與to搭配。句意：沒人知道是誰(shuí)譜寫了這首曲子,但它是巴赫的作品。選項(xiàng)C正確。

25.單選題

EducationalServiceInC.operates70institutesintheUnitedStatesandtheyconcentrateonprovidingcareer-focuseddegreeprogramsto（）28000students.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerably

B.approximately

C.preferably

D.ideally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?非常";approximately"大約,近似地";preferably"更好地";ideally"理想地"。句意：美國(guó)教育服務(wù)公司運(yùn)營(yíng)著70家學(xué)院,主要為大約2.8萬(wàn)名學(xué)生提供以職業(yè)為中心的學(xué)位課程?？蘸鬄閿?shù)字,只有approximately后可接數(shù)字。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

26.單選題

Thevalueoftheindustrial（）droppedfromabout70billiondollarstoslightlymorethan31billion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outcome

B.outlook

C.output

D.outset

【答案】C

【解析】常用搭配。industrialoutput指"工業(yè)產(chǎn)量",為常用搭配。句意：工業(yè)產(chǎn)值從700億美元下降到310多億美元。選項(xiàng)C正確。

27.單選題

ThecourtruledthatJohnwas（）inhittingthemaninself-defensepunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justified

B.accused

C.approved

D.admitted

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。justified證明...正當(dāng)；accused指責(zé)，控告；approved認(rèn)可；admitted承認(rèn)。句意：法院裁決John被證明打人是正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)而受到懲罰。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

28.單選題

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。fellshortof達(dá)不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是詞組。句意：他很聰明,但達(dá)不到管理職位的要求。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

29.單選題

Itis（）thatmakesthefemalehorsetobenddownandlickitsnewbornfoal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse

B.inspiration

C.incentive

D.instinct

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。impulse"推動(dòng),沖動(dòng)";inspiration"靈感,啟發(fā)";incentive"動(dòng)機(jī),刺激";instinct"本能,直覺"。句意：母馬彎下腰去舔它剛出生的小馬駒,這是一種本能。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

30.單選題

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。modify"修改,更改;修飾";alter"改變,更改";regulate"控制,管理,調(diào)節(jié)";revise"修訂,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范圍較廣,指任何的改變,revise通常指修訂課本,制度的管理和規(guī)定經(jīng)常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些習(xí)俗,這些習(xí)俗規(guī)定了某些社會(huì)階層中人們的穿衣時(shí)尚。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

31.單選題

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand（）bythesamefederallaws.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.abide

C.sustain

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。abideby指"遵守...";conform"遵守,符合",一般與to和with搭配;sustain"承受;維持";comply"遵從，服從"，一般與with搭配。句意：加利福尼亞人和新英格蘭人說(shuō)同一種語(yǔ)言,并且遵守同樣的聯(lián)邦法律。選項(xiàng)B正確。

32.單選題

TheMayacivilizationreacheditsperiodofgreatestdevelopmentaboutA.D.250andcontinuedto（）forhundredsofyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrive

B.flourish

C.prevail

D.popularize

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。thrive繁榮,興旺,主要指生長(zhǎng)得健壯;flourish繁榮,興旺,指健康地成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展或處于發(fā)展的高峰;prevail盛行,戰(zhàn)勝;popularize普及,推廣。句意：瑪雅文明大約在公元250年達(dá)到了其最偉大的發(fā)展時(shí)期,并持續(xù)繁榮了數(shù)百年。所以選項(xiàng)B更合適。

33.單選題

She（）andloweredherheadwhenshecouldn'tanswerthequestioninthepresenceofherclassmates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuted

B.defied

C.contradicted

D.disputed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。refute反駁,駁斥;defy挑釁,不服從,公然反抗,還有使落空的意思;contradicted反駁,矛盾;disputed爭(zhēng)論,激烈辯論。句意：當(dāng)她不能在同學(xué)面前回答問題時(shí),她感到很落空并低下了頭。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

34.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedSlatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf'sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanqualityoftechnologyis;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecamecompletelydisorderedandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmentofsupplementandreplacessomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit（）.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause（）.

4.Byusingthephrase"thehumanqualityoftechnology"(line7,ParA.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology（）.

5.Thepassageisbasedontheauthor's（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.isutilizedbyman

C.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.keeninsightintothenatureoftechnology

B.prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheIndustrialRevolution

C.cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputers

D.exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnology

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.”除非人們用矛去捕獲獵物或用機(jī)器人去生產(chǎn)機(jī)器零件，否則二者都只不過(guò)是硬梆梆的物體而已。也就是說(shuō)只有為人類所用的時(shí)候，它們才具有科技含量，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theChallengerandChernobyl”定位到第二段第五句：挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到技術(shù)的人為特征是多么重要。下文繼續(xù)提到，計(jì)劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然變得完全混亂，而且沒有現(xiàn)成的人手來(lái)糾正它們。因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)是人類創(chuàng)造的，容易出問題。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.”它之所以是革命性的，主要原因是它帶來(lái)了巨大的社會(huì)變革。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段所舉的例子可知，作者意在說(shuō)明技術(shù)的人為性特征，即技術(shù)同人性一樣，存在弱點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.本題可用排除法。作者在文中并沒有對(duì)工業(yè)革命進(jìn)行批判，所以選項(xiàng)B不正確；大腦不會(huì)被電腦所取代，選項(xiàng)C也表述錯(cuò)誤；雖然科技有負(fù)面影響，但作者沒有進(jìn)行夸大的描述，所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。B,C,D三項(xiàng)均可排除，選項(xiàng)A正確，作者對(duì)技術(shù)的本質(zhì)有著敏銳的洞察。

35.單選題

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。第一段的最后一句為本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”這句話的潛在意思就是說(shuō):現(xiàn)在多才多藝的人越來(lái)越少。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.語(yǔ)義題。原文中的分號(hào),以及as說(shuō)明,前后是同類事物的比較。根據(jù)下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以選項(xiàng)A正確。原文句意：有些科學(xué)家在他自己的研究領(lǐng)域之外和白癡一樣。

3.全文主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講多才多藝的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并沒有說(shuō)如何成為一個(gè)多才多藝的人，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科學(xué)們不得不把大部分的生命投入到一個(gè)非常有限的研究領(lǐng)域，以便與他們的同行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”這里采用雙重否定強(qiáng)調(diào)這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要付出相當(dāng)大的代價(jià)。所以選項(xiàng)B與原文不符。

36.單選題

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byvirtueof

B.bymeansof

C.atsightof

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞義辨析。byvirtueof"由于,憑借";bymeansof"用,依靠";atsightof"一看見";bywayof"經(jīng)由,當(dāng)作"。句意：塑料袋可用來(lái)裝各種食品,因?yàn)樗鍧崱⒛陀糜謨r(jià)廉。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

37.單選題

Thoughthisbookwaswrittenmorethan50yearsago,ithasarelativelycontemporaryappeal,andits（）plottingwillamusemysterylovers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intricate

B.disparate

C.compassionate

D.passionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。intricate錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的；disparate不同的，迥異的，不相干的；compassionate慈悲的，富有同情心的；passionate熱情的，充滿激情的。句意：雖然這本書是50多年前寫的，但它具有相對(duì)現(xiàn)代的吸引力，其錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的情節(jié)會(huì)讓神秘愛好者感到有趣。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

38.單選題

Thedoctorwasina（）astowhethertotellthepatientthetruthoralie.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prudence

B.dilemma

C.secrecy

D.psychology

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。prudence謹(jǐn)慎；dilemma困境，進(jìn)退兩難；secrecy保密；psychology心理學(xué)。句意：醫(yī)生陷入進(jìn)退兩難的困境，不知該告訴病人真相還是謊言。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

39.單選題

Bigcitestodayareconfrontedwithveryseriousproblems.Transportisa（1）difficulty:someplannersbelievein（2）transportsystem;othersbelieveinmakingitpossibleforcitizenstomove（3）inprivatecars.Thereareseveralwaysof（4）apublictransportsystem.Sometimesitisbuiltundertheground,sometimesitisonthe（5）,andsometimesitisevenabovegroundlevel,（6）inpartsofNewYorkandmorecrimeandTokyoforexample.Inmostcases,ofcourse,itisa（7）ofsomeoralloftheseelements.

The（8）ofthecitycentershasalsobeenaprobleminthelast30years.Theheartsofmanycitieshavebecomepoorerandpoorer,（9）moreandmorecrimeandviolence,（10

）thepeoplewhocanaffordtohavemovedouttothe（11）.Thisistheoppositeofthesituation100yearsago,（12）wealthypeoplelivedinthecenter,andthepoorlived（13

）theoutskirtsofthecity.

Ecologicalproblemsalso（14）,asfactoriesandcarspollutetheair,treearecutdowntomake（15

）forurbanclearways,andcrowdedconditionscausegarbageto（16

）inthestreets.

Inordertosolvetheseproblems,someplannersbelieveweshouldlimitthesizeofourcities,perhapsbyrestrictingpopulation,orperhapsbyoffering（17）jobsintheprovinces.Othersbelievethatcitiescannotbelimitedinsizeandthattheproblemsmustbesolvedina（18）ofways—bycreatinggreenareas,building（19

）housesforeverybody,stoppingfactorypollution,（20

）motortransport,andsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.minor

B.major

C.little

D.small

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mass

B.mess

C.massy

D.messy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.outside

B.through

C.across

D.about

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.settingup

B.makingup

C.takingup

D.buildingup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.field

B.earth

C.surface

D.soil

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.as

C.same

D.similar

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.imitation

C.separation

D.combination

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.decline

C.reduction

D.release

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.being

C.with

D.against

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.though

C.because

D.even

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.suburbs

B.downtowns

C.countrysides

D.rural

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.what

C.when

D.why

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.by

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.arise

B.rise

C.arouse

D.raise

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.place

B.path

C.road

D.way

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.compose

B.present

C.accumulate

D.dispose

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.attractive

C.competitive

D.secure

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.variable

C.variety

D.varying

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.decent

B.fundamental

C.delicate

D.eternal

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.