2022年考研考博-考博英語-上海交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號1

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-上海交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Howmanythingscanyouseeinthenightsky?Alot!OnaclearnightyoumightseetheMoon,someplanets,andthousandsofsparklingstars,

Youcanseeevenmorewithatelescope.Youmightseestarswherebeforeyouonlysawdarkspace.Youmightseethatmanystarslooklargerthanothers.Youmightseethatsomestarsthatlookwhitearereallyredorblue.Withbiggerandbiggertelescopesyoucanseemoreandmoreobjectsinthesky.Andyoucanseethoseobjectsinmoreandmoredetails.

Butscientistsbelievetherearesomethingsintheskythatwewillneversee.Wewon'tseethemwiththebiggesttelescopeintheworld,ontheclearestnightoftheyear.That'sbecausethey'reinvisible.They'rethemysteriousdeadstarscalledblackholes.

Youmightfindithardtoimaginethatstarsdie.Afterall,ourSunisastar.Yearafteryearweseeitupintheskyburningbrightly,givingusheatandlight.TheSuncertainlydoesn'tseemtobegettingoldorweak.Butstarsdoburnoutanddieafterbillionsofyears.

Asastar'sgasesburn,theygiveofflightandheat.Butwhenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie.

Asthestarcools,theouterlayersofthestarpullintowardthecenter.Thestarsquashesintoasmallerandsmallerball.Ifthestarwasverysmall,thestarendsupasacold,darkballcalledablackdwarf.Ifthestarwasverybig,itkeepssquashinginwarduntilit'spackedtogethertighterthananythingintheuniverse.

ImagineiftheEarthwerecrusheduntilitwasthesizeofatinymarble.That'showtightlythisdeadstar,ablackholeispackeD.Whatpullsthestarintowarditscenterwithsuchpower?It'sthesameforcethatpullsyoudownwhenyoujump—theforcecalledgravity.Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes.That'swhyyouseenothingbutblackness.

Sothenexttimeyoustareupatthenightsky,remember：there'smoreintheskythanmeetstheeyes!Scatteredinthesilentdarknessareblackholes—thegreatmysteryofspace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatcausesastartodie?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?

3.WhathappensAFTERastardies?

4.Whycan'tyouseelightwhenyoulookatablackhole?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?

問題1選項

A.Asitsgasesrunout,itcoolsdown.

B.Itcollideswithotherstars.

C.Itcanonlyliveforaboutamillionyears.

D.Asitgetshotterandhotter,itexplodes.

問題2選項

A.Blackholesaredeadstars.

B.Blackholeshavegravity.

C.Blackholesareinvisible.

D.Thereisnothingasmysteriousasablackhole.

問題3選項

A.Itbecomesinvisible.

B.ItfallstoEarth.

C.Itburnsupallofitsgases.

D.Itbecomesbrighterandeasiertosee.

問題4選項

A.Becausemostblackholesaresofaraway.

B.Becausethegravityofablackholeissostrongthatitsucksthelightinward.

C.Becauseasthestar'sgasesburn,itstopsgivingoffheatandlight.

D.Becauseasastarcools,itsouterlayerspullintowarditscenter.

問題5選項

A.ThefutureofourSunbillionsofyearsfromnow.

B.ThedifferencebetweenourSunandadeadstar.

C.Themysteryofblackholesintheuniverse.

D.Thesparklinganddyingstarsinthesky.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)笫五段的第二句"whenthegasrunsout,thestarstopsburningandbeginstodie."當(dāng)氣體耗盡時,恒星停止燃燒并開始死亡。選項A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項A,B,C均是對黑洞正確的描述;選項D描述太絕對,所以不正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)六七段的內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)恒星死亡后,重力使其向內(nèi)擠壓,最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不見的,所以選項A正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)策二段的倒數(shù)二三句"Ablackholeissotightlypackedthatitsgravitysucksineverything—evenlight.Thelightfromblackholecannevercomebacktoyoureyes."黑洞是如此的緊湊以至于它的重力吸收一切——甚至光。黑洞發(fā)出的光永遠(yuǎn)不會回到你的眼睛里。選項B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,本文主要是講黑洞的形成與影響,所以選項C正確。

2.單選題

Theyignoredhim,despitehisrepeated（）thathewasnotonthesceneofmurderthatevening.

問題1選項

A.assumptions

B.suppositions

C.affirmations

D.confirmations

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。assumption"假定,設(shè)想";supposition"猜測,推測";affirmation"斷言,認(rèn)定";confirmation"證實,確認(rèn)"。句意：盡管他一再申明那天晚上他不在謀殺現(xiàn)場，他們對他還是置之不理。選項C符合句意。

3.單選題

Arithmeticistheonefundamentalscience,（）allotherphysicalsciences.

問題1選項

A.undermining

B.undertaking

C.underscoring

D.underlying

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。undermine破壞，毀壞；undertake承擔(dān)，從事；underscore強(qiáng)調(diào)；underlie成為…的基礎(chǔ)，位于…之下。句意：算術(shù)是一門基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，是所有其他物理科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。選項D符合句意。

4.案例題

Feelingstressedoutlately?Hasthedoctorsaidhecannotfindanythingwrongwithyou?Perhapshesentyoutoahospital,butallthe（1）equipmentthereshowthatthereisnothingwrong.

Thenconsiderthis,youmightbeina（2）ofsub-health.Sub-health,alsocalledthethirdstate,is（3）asaborderlineslatebetweenhealthanddisease.AccordingtoaninvestigationbytheNationalHealthOrganization,over45percentofsubhealthypeoplearemiddle-agedorelderly.Thepercentageisevenhigheramongpeoplewhoworkinmanagement（4）aswellasstudentsaroundexam-time.Thismaybeduetotheirheightened（5）tostress.

Symptomsincludea（6）ofenergy,depression,slowreactions,insomnia,agitationand（7）memory.Othersymptomsincludeshortnessofbreath,sweatingandachinginthewaistandlegs.

Accordingtosomemedicalexperts,the（8）topreventingandrecoveringfromsub-healthistoformgoodlivinghabits.（9）workwithrest,exerciseregularly,andtakepartin（10）airactivitieswillallhelp.

Asformeals,peopleare（11）toeatlesssaltandsugar.Theyshouldalsoeatmorefreshvegetables,fruitsandfishbecausetheyarerichinnutritious（12）,suchasvitamins,whichare（13）tothebody.

Nutritionexpertspointoutthatitisnotgoodtoeattoomuchatonemealbecauseitmaycause（14）changesinthedigestivetract.Theyalsosaythata（15）dietisveryhelpfulinavoidingsub-health.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

position

define

forgetful

fancy

key

balance

importance

unhealthy

lack

subject

open

plenty

exposure

alternate

element

state

require

poor

advise

indispensable

【答案】1.fancy

2.state

3.defined

4.position

5.exposure

6.lack

7.poor

8.key

9.alternate

10.open

11.advised

12.elements

13.indispensable

14.unhealthy

15.balanced

【解析】1.根據(jù)句意可知，這里需要填入一個形容詞來修飾醫(yī)院的設(shè)備，據(jù)常識推斷，醫(yī)院的設(shè)備都是很昂貴的，fancy有昂貴的意思。

2.這里為固定搭配，astateof指處于某種狀態(tài)，原文指處于亞健康的狀態(tài)。

3.根據(jù)原文可知這里是對亞健康的定義，...被定義為用被動語態(tài)，所以這里應(yīng)填入defined。

4.inmanagementposition指在管理崗位上。原文句意：在管理崗位上人員和應(yīng)試的學(xué)生中，這一比例甚至更高。

5.exposureto指暴露，顯露。原文句意：這可能是由于他們更多地暴露于壓力的環(huán)境之下。

6.本句是講亞健康的癥狀，根據(jù)后面的描述可知這里指缺乏活力。alackof為固定搭配。

7.本題與上一題相同，都是亞健康的狀態(tài)，poormemory為常見搭配，指記性差，健忘。

8.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指預(yù)防和恢復(fù)亞健康的關(guān)鍵，thekeyto為固定搭配。

9.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指工作和休息交替進(jìn)行。alternate符合原文。

10.根據(jù)原文可以推測，這里指戶外運(yùn)動。openair指露天的，戶外的。

11.advisesB.todosth.建議某人做某事的被動表達(dá)為sB.beadvisedtodosth.，所以這里應(yīng)填入被動形式。

12.根據(jù)句意可知，這里指水果蔬菜和魚含有豐富的營養(yǎng)元素，比如維他命。元素為可數(shù)名詞，所以要加s.

13.根據(jù)句意可知，維他命是人體必不可少的元素之一。indispensable相對于required要更恰當(dāng)。

14.根據(jù)常識可推斷，吃太多是不好的，因為它會導(dǎo)致消化道產(chǎn)生不健康的變化。所以這里應(yīng)填入unhealthy.

15.根據(jù)下文的helpful可推測，這里指健康的飲食。abalanceddiet為常見用法，意為均衡飲食。

5.單選題

Somepeoplewanttomakeasmuchmoneyastheycanbecausetheybelievethatmoneycanbringthemfameand（）.

問題1選項

A.directory

B.morality

C.prestige

D.monopoly

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。directory"名錄,目錄";morality"道德;品行";prestige"威望;聲譽(yù)";monopoly"壟斷權(quán)。句意：有些人想盡可能多的賺錢，因為他們相信錢可以給他們帶來名聲和威望。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

EducationalServiceInC.operates70institutesintheUnitedStatesandtheyconcentrateonprovidingcareer-focuseddegreeprogramsto（）28000students.

問題1選項

A.considerably

B.approximately

C.preferably

D.ideally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?非常";approximately"大約,近似地";preferably"更好地";ideally"理想地"。句意：美國教育服務(wù)公司運(yùn)營著70家學(xué)院,主要為大約2.8萬名學(xué)生提供以職業(yè)為中心的學(xué)位課程。空后為數(shù)字,只有approximately后可接數(shù)字。所以選項B正確。

7.單選題

Therelationshipbetweentechnologyanddevelopmentiscomplicate.Attimesthenegativefeaturesoftechnologyseemto______thepositiveones.

問題1選項

A.withdraw

B.discharge

C.maximize

D.outweigh

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。withdraw"取回;（使）撤退";discharge"解雇,卸下";maximize"使最大化";outweigh"勝過,超過"。句意：技術(shù)與發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系很復(fù)雜。有時，技術(shù)的負(fù)面特征似乎超過正面特征。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

TheChineselanguagediffers（）fromtheEnglishlanguagebecauseoftheirdifferentwritingsystemandpronunciation.

問題1選項

A.considerably

B.consistently

C.confidently

D.continually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?十分地";consistently"一貫地,始終如一地";confidently"自信地,確信地";continually"不斷地,連續(xù)地"。句意：由于書寫體系和發(fā)音的不同,漢語和英語有很大的不同。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Nowthattheexcitementofcelebratinghashadachanceto（）,it'stimetoturntheOlympicidealintoreality.

問題1選項

A.cutoff

B.carryaway

C.turnoff

D.wearoff

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。cutoff"切斷,中斷";carryaway"運(yùn)走;失去自制力";turnof"關(guān)閉";wearoff"逐漸減少,逐漸消失"。句意:既然慶祝的激情已經(jīng)開始逐漸消失,那么是時候把奧林匹克理想變成現(xiàn)實了。

10.單選題

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3000000'sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevisionandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhoistospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor.HedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthemHestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofagesicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthegrowthonship-liftingoffences,somestores,infactaredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemisthatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinantherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999999passengersmuchsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassagelaw-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

問題2選項

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforthegoods

問題3選項

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

問題4選項

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessional.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesfromstealingarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

問題5選項

A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofproblemforthestores"

B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattakefromtheshops"

C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所謂的"由偷竊造成的損失",誠實的公眾因此而付出了更高的代價。結(jié)合上文可知"shrinkage"指店內(nèi)行竊案件,所以選項D更準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行竊者可分為三大類:專業(yè)扒手、蓄意的業(yè)余扒手和控制不了盜竊沖動的扒手。所以第三類人就是無法抵擋誘惑的人,選項C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知：那些禁受不住誘惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵紀(jì)守法的好公民,他們很少是家境貧困的。他們偷東西不是因為付不起錢,而是心不在焉拿走東西忘記付錢了。所以選項A表述錯誤,他們并不貧窮;選項C也表述錯誤;選項D在文中沒有提及;所以只有選項B符合原文句意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知選項A錯誤,而選項D正確;根據(jù)第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知選項B正確;根據(jù)四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."這類盜賊并不貧窮,那么言下之意就是人們認(rèn)為盜賊應(yīng)該是貧窮的。所以選項C也正確。只有選項A表述錯誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."這是由于一小部分人的做法給大多數(shù)無辜的人帶來了懲罰和不便的又一個例子。也就是第一段所說的：公眾因此而付出了更高的代價。所以選項C正確。

11.單選題

Tosomepeople,thegreatestpleasureoflifeistospendtheirtimeathomewatchingTVand（）theirpets.

問題1選項

A.stroking

B.desiring

C.modeling

D.flattering

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。stroke"輕撫,撫摸";desire"希望,渴望";model"做模特;制作模型";flatter"奉承;諂媚"。句意：對某些人來說，生活中最大的樂趣是花時間在家里看電視和撫摸他們的寵物。選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

The（）beautyofthemountainhasmadeitaworld-famousresort.Everyyearnumeroustouristsfromhomeandabroadcometovisitit.

問題1選項

A.perpetual

B.perplexed

C.preserved

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。perpetual"永久的,不斷的";perplexed"困感的,不知所措的";preserved"保存完好的";perished"消亡的,毀壞的"。句意：保存完好的山區(qū)風(fēng)景使得它成為世界聞名的旅游勝地。每年都有許多來自國內(nèi)外的游客來參觀。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedSlatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf'sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanqualityoftechnologyis;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecamecompletelydisorderedandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmentofsupplementandreplacessomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit（）.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause（）.

4.Byusingthephrase"thehumanqualityoftechnology"(line7,ParA.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology（）.

5.Thepassageisbasedontheauthor's（）.

問題1選項

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.isutilizedbyman

C.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

問題2選項

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

問題3選項

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

問題4選項

A.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

問題5選項

A.keeninsightintothenatureoftechnology

B.prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheIndustrialRevolution

C.cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputers

D.exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnology

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.”除非人們用矛去捕獲獵物或用機(jī)器人去生產(chǎn)機(jī)器零件，否則二者都只不過是硬梆梆的物體而已。也就是說只有為人類所用的時候，它們才具有科技含量，所以選項B正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theChallengerandChernobyl”定位到第二段第五句：挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故使人們認(rèn)識到技術(shù)的人為特征是多么重要。下文繼續(xù)提到，計劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然變得完全混亂，而且沒有現(xiàn)成的人手來糾正它們。因為技術(shù)是人類創(chuàng)造的，容易出問題。所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.”它之所以是革命性的，主要原因是它帶來了巨大的社會變革。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段所舉的例子可知，作者意在說明技術(shù)的人為性特征，即技術(shù)同人性一樣，存在弱點(diǎn)。選項B正確。

5.本題可用排除法。作者在文中并沒有對工業(yè)革命進(jìn)行批判，所以選項B不正確；大腦不會被電腦所取代，選項C也表述錯誤；雖然科技有負(fù)面影響，但作者沒有進(jìn)行夸大的描述，所以選項D錯誤。B,C,D三項均可排除，選項A正確，作者對技術(shù)的本質(zhì)有著敏銳的洞察。

14.單選題

Despitedecadesofscientificresearch,nooneyetknowshowmuchdamagehumanactivityisdoingtotheenvironment.Humansarethoughttoberesponsibleforawholehostofenvironmentalproblems,rangingfromglobalwarmingtoozonedepiction.Whatisnotindoubt,however,isthedevastatingeffecthumansarehavingontheanimalandplantlifeoftheplanet.

Currently,anestimated50,000speciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Ifthiscarrieson,theimpactonalllivingcreaturesislikelytobeprofound,saysDrNickMiddleton,ageographeratOxfordUniversity."Allspeciesdependinsomewayoneachothertosurvive.Andthedangeristhat,ifyouremoveonespeciesfromthisverycomplexwebofinterrelationships,youhaveverylittleideaabouttheknock-oneffectsontheecosystem.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholecascadeofotherextinctions."

Complicatingmattersisthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion―which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissionspreservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.

Thelatestideais"sustainablemanagement",whichisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.

Forinstance,insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstpoaching,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.InZimbabwe,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsport.Thismoneyisthengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,localswillbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofpoachingthem―orallowingother；topoachthem-becauseoftheeconomicbenefitinvolved.

Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.Withcorruptionendemicinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversareskepticalthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Otherswonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingpoachers.

Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingareasofgreat-bio-diversitysuchastheworld'stropicalforests.Intheory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants―allowloggingcompaniestocutdownacertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.

Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Butbecausealmostalltropicalforestsarelocatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedrevenuefromlogging,therearcfewregulationstodothis.Moreover,unrestrictedloggingissomuchmoreprofitablethatwoodpricesfrommanagedforestswouldcostuptofivetimesmore―anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"green",areunlikelytopay.

Forthesereasons,sustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsisunlikelytobecomewidespreadinthenearfuture.Thisisdishearteningnews.It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.Inonestudyofafive-square-kilometerareaofrainforestinPeru,forinstance,scientistscounted1,300speciesofbutterflyand600speciesofbirD.IntheentirecontinentalUnitedStates,only400speciesofbutterflyand700speciesofbirdhavebeenrecorded.

ScientistProfessorNormanMyersseesthissituationasagigantic"experimentwe'reconductingwithourplanet"."Wedon'tknowwhattheoutcomewillbe.Ifwemakeamessofit,wecan'tmovetoanotherplanet."It'sacaseofoneplanet,oneexperiment."

1.Whatdamagedoweknowforsureishumanactivitydoingtotheenvironment?

2.Whatisaneffectivewaytopreservebiodiversity?

3.WhatisNOTtrueabouttheideaofsustainablemanagement?

4.Whatfactor(s)mightaffectthepracticalityofsustainablemanagement?

5.Whyissustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsunlikelytobeusedinthenearfuture?

問題1選項

A.Globalwarming.

B.Ozonedepletion.

C.Speciesextinction.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題2選項

A.Reductionoftheimpactofspeciesextinctiononothers.

B.Sustainablemanagementoftheworlds'tropicalforests.

C.Encouragementofpoliticalwilltoreducegasemission.

D.Noneoftheabove.Noeffectivewayhasbeenfoundyet.

問題3選項

A.Itbansanyformofpoachingandloggingtoprotectplantsandanimals.

B.Itallowshumanstocutplantsandkillanimalsforeconomicbenefits.

C.Itensuresthesurvivalofeachspeciesbyleavingenoughindividualsalive.

D.Itencourageshumanstoprotectspeciesfromextinctionforeconomicgain.

問題4選項

A.Whetherthereiscorruptioninthegovernment.

B.Whethertherearecorrespondingregulations.

C.Whetherproducedgoodshaveattractiveprices.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題5選項

A.BecausetropicalforestscontainamajorityofanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.

B.BecausewehavetowaituntiltheexperimentinPeruandtheU.S.isfinished.

C.Becausewehavenoideaaboutilseffect,andifitfails,ourplanetwillbedestroyed.

D.Becausebesidestropica!forests,otherareassuchastheU.S.alsohavebiodiversity

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的二三句可知，選項A，B，C三項都是人類活動對環(huán)境所產(chǎn)生的影響，所以選項D正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“preservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.”保護(hù)生物多樣性仍然是一個棘手的問題。也就是說目前還沒有找到有效的方法。所以選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段對“可持續(xù)管理”的描述可知，人類能夠為了自己的利益而使用任何物種的動物或植物，前提是該物種中有足夠的個體存活下來，以確保其繼續(xù)存在。再根據(jù)第五段的第一句：它為當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣癖Ｗo(hù)動植物提供了一個很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)理由，而不是依靠基本上無效的反偷獵法。所以選項A不正確。

4.根據(jù)第六段的一二句（對應(yīng)選項A）以及第八段的內(nèi)容（對應(yīng)選項B和C）可知，A，B，C三項均是影響“可持續(xù)管理”的因素，所以選項D正確。

5.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.”據(jù)估計，這些森林包含了地球上所有動植物物種的50%到90%。所以選項A符合原文。

15.單選題

Idon'tsaythattopersuadeyou,butmerelyto（）myconscience.

問題1選項

A.revolve

B.relieve

C.retrieve

D.revive

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)；循環(huán)；relieve解除，減輕；retrieve恢復(fù)，取回；revive復(fù)活，復(fù)興。四個選項中只有relieve更符合句意。句意：我說這個不是為了勸你，只是為了讓我的良心好受些。所以本題選B。

16.單選題

AlthoughWashingtonisthemostimportantcityintheUnitedStates,itcannot（）likeNewYorkandChicagoinsizeandpopulation.

問題1選項

A.matchwith

B.abideby

C.conformto

D.competewith

【答案】D

【解析】matchwith"與……相匹配";abideby"遵守,履行";conformto"遵守,依照";competewith"與……競爭"。根據(jù)句意：雖然華盛頓是美國最重要的城市,但在面積和人口上無法與紐約和芝加哥相比。選項D符合句意。

17.單選題

TheForeignMinistryholdsweeklypressconferencesto（）reporters（）thelatestdevelopmentindiplomacy.

問題1選項

A.confer...upon

B.burden...with

C.fill...inon

D.adjust...to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。fillsB.inon為固定搭配,意為"詳細(xì)告訴某人"。句意：外交部每周舉行新聞發(fā)布會,詳細(xì)向記者介紹外交的最新發(fā)展。選項C符合句意。

18.單選題

ThefirstfewmonthsoftheyearIhaddreadedtheringingofthetelep