2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號58

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問題1選項

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項C正確。

2.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項configuration“配置；結(jié)構(gòu)；外形”；B選項constitution“憲法；體制；構(gòu)造；結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項condemnation“譴責；定罪；非難的理由”；D選項contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今《科學》雜志上有一篇論文認為，巖石中的有機化合物大多數(shù)來自地球本身的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是火星上的細菌。結(jié)合句意，B選項正確。

3.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項modify“修改，修飾；更改”；B選項duplicate“復(fù)制；模仿”；C選項accelerate“加速；促進；增加”；D選項stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激勵”。句意：最近，許多有關(guān)少年兒童模仿先前在電視上所看到的暴力行為的案件被報道。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項正確。

4.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項exact“準確的，精密的；精確的”；C選項acute“敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；D選項vivid“生動的；鮮明的”。句意：盡管大多數(shù)鳥類只有微不足道的嗅覺，但是它們卻有敏銳的視覺。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

5.單選題

Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatly（1）livingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthat（2）recentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthem（3）bothinternalandforeigninvestment.Itmaytakeadecadeformanydevelopingcountriestoimprovetransportation,powersupplies,andother（4）.Yetasingle（5）fiberwitha（6）oflessthanhalfa/an（7）cancarrymoreinformationthanalargecablemadeofcopperwires.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumofmoney（8）theirtelecommunicationsnetworkstoallowthemtocompete,（9）thetransferofinformation,withdevelopedcountries.Howfastthesenationsshouldpushaheadisamatterofdebate.

Chinaismakingoneoftheboldestleaps（10）carefullyweighingcostsandchoosing（11）technologies.Overthenextdecade,itplanstopoursome$100billionintotelecommunicationsequipment.（12）China’sbackwardnessisanadvantage,becausetheexpansionoccurs（13）newtechnologiesarebecomingcheaperthancopperwiresystems.Bytheendof1995,eachofChina’s（14）capitalsexceptforTibetwillhavedigital（15）andotherlatestwirelesstransmissionsystem.Thismeansthatmajorcitiesaregettingthebasic（16）tobecomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway,allowingpeopleto（17）ontothemostadvancedservicesavailable.

Telecommunicationsisalsoakey（18）Shanghai’sambitionofbecomingatopfinancialcenter.Toofferpeakperformanceinprovidingtheelectronicdataandpaperlesstrading,Shanghaiplanstobeaselectronicallyadvanced（19）theCityofNewYork.

Someexpertsfear（20）thatsomedevelopingcountriesaretryingtodo（21）toosoon.Vietnam,（22）particular,（23）beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype,isdeterminedtocontributemoremoneytothemostexpensive,newesttechnologiestokeep（24）withanyoneinAsia.

Thailandisalsoturningtowireless,asawaytoallowThaistomakebetteruseofallthetimetheyspend（25）intraffic.Mobilephoneshavebecomethe（26）amongbusinesspeople,whocanremainincontactdespitethetrafficjams.

Forcountriesthathavelaggedbehindforsolong,thetemptationtomoveaheadinonejumpishardto（27）.And（28）themistakesthey’llmake,they’llpersist—（29）onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans（30）theinformationsuperhighway.

問題1選項

A.boast

B.bloom

C.boom

D.boost

問題2選項

A.until

B.are

C.for

D.by

問題3選項

A.decrease

B.inform

C.promote

D.promulgate

問題4選項

A.means

B.utensils

C.utilities

D.structures

問題5選項

A.optical

B.slender

C.synthetic

D.moral

問題6選項

A.length

B.diameter

C.weight

D.volume

問題7選項

A.millimeter

B.centimeter

C.yard

D.inch

問題8選項

A.for

B.in

C.on

D.at

問題9選項

A.with

B.for

C.inrespectof

D.regardof

問題10選項

A.forward

B.by

C.ahead

D.for

問題11選項

A.for

B.at

C.by

D.between

問題12選項

A.Inaway

B.Inmemory

C.Inprospect

D.Meantime

問題13選項

A.since

B.like

C.justlike

D.justas

問題14選項

A.remote

B.renowned

C.provincial

D.affluent

問題15選項

A.transfer

B.switches

C.high-capacity

D.license

問題16選項

A.aspect

B.perspective

C.phase

D.infrastructure

問題17選項

A.access

B.log

C.grasp

D.take

問題18選項

A.with

B.to

C.point

D.question

問題19選項

A.more

B.than

C.like

D.as

問題20選項

A.however

B.instead

C.consequently

D.therefore

問題21選項

A.muchmore

B.toomany

C.toomuch

D.much

問題22選項

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.with

問題23選項

A.since

B.therefore

C.while

D.however

問題24選項

A.pace

B.step

C.rate

D.gait

問題25選項

A.fixed

B.stuck

C.retained

D.bound

問題26選項

A.model

B.passion

C.wrath

D.rage

問題27選項

A.resist

B.stop

C.recover

D.catch

問題28選項

A.nowthat

B.inspite

C.despiteof

D.despite

問題29選項

A.when

B.while

C.sothat

D.bythen

問題30選項

A.on

B.with

C.for

D.by

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:A

第21題:C

第22題:A

第23題:C

第24題:A

第25題:B

第26題:D

第27題:A

第28題:D

第29題:C

第30題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項boast“自吹自擂說；以有……而自豪”；B選項bloom“使開花；使茂盛”；C選項boom“使興旺；發(fā)出隆隆聲”；D選項boost“促進；增加；提高”。選項后“l(fā)ivingstandards”中文翻譯為：生活水平。故D項最符合。

2.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。由untilrecently“直到最近”可知A選項正確。

3.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項decrease“減少，減小”；B選項inform“通知；告訴”；C選項promote“促進；提升；推銷”；D選項promulgate“公布；傳播；發(fā)表”。聯(lián)系上文“acquiringup-to-datetelecommunications”中文翻譯為：獲取最新的通訊，可知C選項正確。

4.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項means“手段；方法”；B選項utensils“餐具；炊具”；C選項utilities“公用設(shè)施”；D選項structures“結(jié)構(gòu)；［建］構(gòu)筑物”。根據(jù)語境和句意，以及上文transportation，powersupplies，譯為“交通、電力供應(yīng)”可知C選項正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文fiber，中文大意為：纖維，因此判斷選A，與后文構(gòu)成opticalfiber“光纖”。

6.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項length“長度”；B選項diameter“直徑”；C選項weight“重量”；D選項volume“體積”。聯(lián)系上文“opticalfiber”意為：光纖，可知表示的為光纖的直徑，B選項正確。

7.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項millimeter“毫米”；B選項centimeter“厘米”；C選項yard“碼；院子”；D選項inch“英寸”。由前文“光纖的直徑”，可知A最合適。

8.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文telecommunicationsnetworks“通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)”可知選B。

9.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inrespectof“在……方面”，可知C選項正確。

10.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項forward“向前地”；B選項by“通過”；C選項ahead“向前地；領(lǐng)先地”；D選項for“為了；因為”。結(jié)合下文carefullyweighingcosts“仔細地權(quán)衡成本”可知該空格處應(yīng)表示通過。因此可知B選項正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文“choosing選擇”與“technologies技術(shù)”。判斷出正確答案為D“在……之間”。

12.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inaway“在某種程度上”，故答案為A。

13.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項since“自……以來；自……”；B選項like“像；如同”；C選項justlike“就像，正如”；D選項justas“正當……時”。結(jié)合上文theexpansionoccurs“這個擴張發(fā)生”，故選D。

14.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項remote“遙遠的；偏僻的；疏遠的”；B選項renowned“著名的；有聲望的”；C選項provincial“省的”；D選項affluent“富裕的；豐富的；流暢的”。根據(jù)下文“capitals”中文翻譯為：省會，以及“exceptforTibet”中文翻譯為：除了西藏以外?？芍颂帉?yīng)C項“省的”。

15.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。digitalswitch“數(shù)字交換機”，結(jié)合上下文判斷應(yīng)選B。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項aspect“方面；方向”；B選項perspective“觀點；遠景；透視圖”；C選項phase“時期”；D選項infrastructure“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；公共建設(shè)”。結(jié)合下文becomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway“變成信息高速公路的主要部分”，可知最佳答案為D。

17.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。logon“登錄”。答案為B。

18.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。bekeyto“是……的關(guān)鍵”。答案為B。

19.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。as…as…“同……一樣；像……一樣”，答案為D。

20.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項however“然而”；B選項instead“代替；反而；相反”；C選項consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”；D選項therefore“因此；所以”。結(jié)合上文Someexpertsfear“一些專家擔心”可以判斷出最符合的答案是選項A，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

21.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項muchmore“更加；多得多”；B選項toomany“太多（修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式）”；C選項toomuch“太多（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）”；D選項much“許多，大量”。聯(lián)系下文toosoon“太快”可知正確選項為C。

22.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inparticular“尤其，特別”?？芍狝選項為最佳答案。

23.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項since“自……以來；自……以后”；B選項therefore“因此；所以”；C選項while“雖然”；D選項however“然而；可是”。結(jié)合此處后文“beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype”，中文翻譯為：極其不發(fā)達且缺少充足的任何種類的電話。可知最佳答案為C。

24.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。keeppacewith“保持；同步”，故答案選A。

25.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項fix“使固定；修理”；B選項stick“阻止”；C選項retain“保持”；D選項bind“綁；約束；裝訂；包扎”。結(jié)合上下文可知答案為B。

26.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項model“模型；模范；樣式”；B選項passion“激情；熱情”；C選項wrath“憤怒；激怒”；D選項rage“狂怒；風行一時的事物”。由上下文Mobilephones“移動電話”與businesspeople“商人”可知此處答案為D。

27.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項resist“抵抗；忍耐，忍住”；B選項stop“停止；堵塞”；C選項recover“恢復(fù)；彌補；重新獲得”；D選項catch“趕上；抓??；感染；了解”。結(jié)合上文“thetemptation”中文翻譯為：誘惑，可知A為最佳答案。

28.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項nowthat“既然”；B選項inspite“一般與of來構(gòu)成inspiteof盡管”；C選項despiteof“不管；不顧；盡管（其后一般跟短語，而不跟完整的句子）”；D選項despite“盡管，不管（其后跟完整的句子）”。聯(lián)系下文“themistakesthey’llmake”中文翻譯為：他們將會犯的錯誤，可知此處是個完整的句子，故選D。

29.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項when“當……時”；B選項while“雖然；然而；當……的時候”；C選項sothat“以便”；D選項bythen“到那時”。聯(lián)系下文“onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans”中文翻譯為：將來有一天，他們能與美國人和西歐人一起漫游，判斷出C為最佳答案。

30.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“theinformationsuperhighway”中文翻譯為：信息高速公路，可知答案為A。

6.單選題

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

問題1選項

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

問題2選項

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

問題3選項

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

問題4選項

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

問題5選項

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻譯為：而這里的唯一差異是，經(jīng)濟博弈會獎勵贏家金錢，而進化博弈卻獎勵勝者生存和繁殖的機會。因此答案為C選項：一種應(yīng)用在經(jīng)濟和進化上的方法論。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻譯為：一種游戲，即囚犯的進退兩難，尤其在這兩門學科上被證明能增長見聞的。知B項“被用來去發(fā)現(xiàn)一個更簡單的方式來解釋博弈論”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻譯為：因此，每個人將推斷，失信是正確的選擇，這導(dǎo)致他們中每個人被判3年監(jiān)禁。因此，C選項“6年”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻譯為：通過公開錦標賽發(fā)現(xiàn)，似乎沒有打敗針鋒相對的策略。故D選項“人們不愿意去合作”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻譯為：就是說，即使另外一個人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了兩次，那么就不會進行合作?？梢缘弥狣項“當?shù)谝淮魏献魇『?，還有另外一次機會”最為符合。

7.單選題

Thenewspaper（）thedetailsoftheaccidentinashorttime.

問題1選項

A.disclosed

B.exhibited

C.exposed

D.discovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項disclose“公開；披露”；B選項exhibit“展覽；顯示；提出（證據(jù)等）”；C選項expose“揭露（多指揭露丑聞，壞人壞事或各種陰謀）；使曝光；顯示”；D選項discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”。句意：這份報紙不久就披露了這起事故的細節(jié)。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項正確。

8.單選題

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

問題1選項

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項contemporary“當代的；同時代的”；B選項comely“清秀的，標致的”；C選項disinterested“無私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉潔的”；D選項notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比賽結(jié)果上必須是公正的，否則他可能試圖去做出有利于一支球隊的裁定。結(jié)合句意，故C選項正確。

9.單選題

Helookedpale,tiredanddepressed,foralthoughhehadbeenworkingforfifteen（）daysontheproject,hisbosswasstillfarfrombeingsatisfiedwiththeresult.

問題1選項

A.consecutive

B.continuous

C.consequent

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項consecutive“連貫的；連續(xù)不斷的（中間沒有停頓的）”；B選項continuous“持續(xù)的；繼續(xù)的（中間是可以間斷的）”；C選項consequent“隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的”；D選項controversial“有爭議的；有爭論的”。句意：他臉色蒼白、疲倦且沮喪，因為盡管他在這個項目上連續(xù)不斷地工作了15天，但是他的老板對結(jié)果仍很不滿意。根據(jù)句意可知A選項正確。

10.單選題

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（長壽）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流產(chǎn)）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Womendidnotlivelongerthanmenuntil17thcentury.

B.Thelongevitygapbetweenwomenandmenhasbeengrowingsince17thcentury.

C.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canlivetobeabout73.

D.Allwomenlivelongerthanmen.

問題2選項

A.Men’slifespanremainsalmostunchanged.

B.Researchershavefoundthecauseoftheagegap.

C.Themoreadvancedasociety,thegreatertheagegap.

D.Theagegapwasnoticedonlyrecently.

問題3選項

A.diseasesandroadaccidents

B.industrializationandworkstrains

C.theirimmunitytoheartdiseaseandrefusalofalcohol

D.theirenduranceofworkstrainsandreluctanceforadventure

問題4選項

A.Thegreatnumberofmalesmokerscontributestotheagegap.

B.Thegrowingnumberofsmokingwomenwillnarrowtheagegap.

C.Femaleworkersaremorelikelytosmokethanmaleworkers.

D.Smokingdoesnotseemtoaffectwomen’slongevity.

問題5選項

A.Men’shealthismorecloselyrelatedtotheiremotions.

B.Thoughmoreliabletoillnesses,womenstilllivelonger.

C.Menshowworsesymptomsthanwomenwhentheyfallill.

D.Quiteanumberofmendiesoonaftertheirretirement.

問題6選項

A.margin

B.side

C.advantage

D.quality

問題7選項

A.Onlyforhumanbeings,femaleslivelongerthanmales.

B.Womenlivelongerthanmenbecauseofgenes.

C.Femalesaredifferentfrommalessincethebeginningoflife.

D.BothBandC

問題8選項

A.Thegreaterlongevityofwomenremainsamystery.

B.Thatwomenarehealthierthanmenwellexplainstheirlongevity.

C.Peoplearelivinglongerasaresultofindustrialization.

D.Womenarelessemotionallyaffectedbydifficultiesinlife.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】判斷推理題。A：直到17世紀，女性才比男性長壽。B：女性和男性的壽命差距自17世紀以來一直在擴大。由“Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthen—thegapisgrowing.（例如，這在17世紀就有描述。然而，當時的差異比現(xiàn)在小，現(xiàn)在的差距在增長）”可知A項以及B項錯誤。C：一個2003年出生在美國的男嬰能夠活到73歲。由“AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73（一個于2003年出生在美國的男嬰預(yù)期能夠活到73歲）”可知C項正確。D：所有女性都比男性活得長。此項并未被提及。因此本題選C。

2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。文章第一段講女性更長壽，男女壽命存在差異，而且差距正在增加。第二段講了一些造成差距大的可能因素。A：男性的壽命幾乎保持不變。此項并未被前兩段提及。B：研究者已經(jīng)找到年齡差距的原因。此項不符合前兩段所述，前兩段只是提出了可能因素。C：社會越先進，壽命差距越大。此項可由前兩段推斷而出。D：壽命差距只是在最近才被注意。此項錯誤。因為第一段指出：Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.（17世紀就有所描述了）。因此C項正確。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第二段中提到的影響男女壽命差異的兩個因素是：女性工作壓力比男性小，也沒有男性那么愛冒險。因此，D項“她們承受的工作壓力和不愿意冒險”正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段指出：Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.（曾經(jīng)有人指出，職業(yè)女性吸煙的可能性更大，隨著越來越多的婦女進入職場，年齡差距將開始縮小，因為吸煙與較早死亡有關(guān)。然而現(xiàn)在，我們看到越來越多的女性吸煙，她們的壽命也越來越長，盡管她們的肺癌發(fā)病率在急劇攀升）。由此推測，D項“吸煙似乎不會影響婦女的壽命”正確。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出：Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.（男女壽命差這個問題令人費解的一點是：女性似乎并沒有男性健康。也就是，她們更容易得病。但是當一位男士生病了，往往更嚴重）。因此讓研究人員費解的一點是B項“盡管女性更容易得病，但她們?nèi)匀换畹酶L”。

6.【試題解析】詞義題?！癳dge”所在句為：Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（幾乎所有雌性的哺乳動物都擁有這個……，因為她們普遍活得更長）。由此推測，“edge”表示“優(yōu)勢”的意思。

7.【試題解析】判斷推理題。A：只有人類的女性比男性命長。由“Afterall，thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（畢竟，這種現(xiàn)象并不是人類所獨有的。幾乎所有雌性哺乳動物都擁有這個優(yōu)勢，因為她們普遍活得更久）”可知A項錯誤。B：女性比男性活得久，是由于基因方面的原因。由“Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.（也許我們正在尋找的答案只是問題的表面。也許答案在于更深層次生物遺傳的原因）”可知B項錯誤。C：從生命一開始，男性和女性就存在差別。由“Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.（就人類而言，出生后死亡的男嬰比女嬰多）”可知C項正確。

8.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章提出：人們的壽命普遍比以前長；但女性比男性活得久一些。并且分析了造成這種差異的可能因素。最后指出，也許男女壽命差異可能在于更深層次的生物遺傳原因。因此A項“女性更長壽仍然是個迷”比較符合文章主旨大意。

11.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（）thelittlerainthatfellyesterday.

問題1選項

A.absorbed

B.drained

C.digested

D.soaked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項absorb“吸收；使……全神貫注”；B選項drain“耗盡；使流出”；C選項digest“消化；融會貫通”；D選項soak“使浸泡，使浸漬”。句意：在許多個星期無雨后，地面很快地吸收了昨天下的小雨。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

12.單選題

Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問題1選項

A.theexceptionof

B.aviewto

C.thepurposeof

D.referenceto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“關(guān)于；根據(jù)”。句意：鑒于最近在以上地址所進行的修理工作，他們正在給經(jīng)理寫信。結(jié)合句意，故D選項正確。

13.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa（）tothepublicoutcry.

問題1選項

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項conception“懷孕；概念；設(shè)想”；B選項consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；C選項contempt“輕視，蔑視；恥辱”；D選項concession“讓步；承認；退位”。句意：當?shù)卣疁p少汽油稅來當作對公眾強烈抗議的讓步。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

14.單選題

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

問題1選項

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項abortion“流產(chǎn)，墮胎，（計劃等）失敗”；B選項absorption“吸收；全神貫注，專心致志”；C選項abolition“廢除；廢止”；D選項abomination“厭惡；憎恨；令人厭惡的事物”。句意：他們?yōu)閺氐讖U除奴隸制度工作了如此長的時間，以至于將自己的青春奉獻給了這個理想。結(jié)合句意，C選項正確。

15.單選題

Onhowtheworldhaschangedoverthelast50years,notallofithasbeengood.Asyouarelookingfororganicfoodinformation,youhaveobviouslybecomeawarethatabetteralternativeexistsandyouaretakingacriticallookatthesourceandproductionpracticesofthecompaniesproducingtheworld’sfoodsupplies.

Thepurposeoforganicfoodinformationistogiveyouanunderstandingofwhatisgoingintoyourfood.Youwillseethattherearemanybenefitstoorganicfoodthatyoudidn’tknowbefore.Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticides（殺蟲劑）tocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.Theseartificialfertilizersleavesomethingpoisonousinandonthefruitandvegetablesweconsumewhichinturnisabsorbedandstoredbyourbodies.

Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.Ifyouareeatingnon-organicproduceyouwillhavetoeatmorefruitinordertomakeupforthisdeficiency.Butthenthedangerouscyclecontinuessinceyouwillbeeatingmorechemicalsthatareworseforyourhealththantheyaregoodforyou.

Anotheraspectoforganicfoodinformationistheproductionofmeatandpoultry（家食）.Mostonlyconsiderproducewhenitcomestoorganicfoodinformationdisregardingtheantibioticsandhormonesthataregiventobothcattleandpoultrythatarebeingforcefed.Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.Thereisnowaythatananimalthatisn’tkeptinhealthyconditionscanproducehealthyfoodforhumanstoeat.

Youhavenothingtolosebytryingorganicproduct,notonlywillitbehealthyforyoubutyouwillalsobeabletoeatproduceandmeatthewaytheyaresupposedtobe.Youwilllikelybesoimpressedwiththetasteoforganicfruitthatyouwillneverreturntothemass-producedfruitagain.Whilecostandavailabilitycanbeabigissueforsome,youcandoabitofresearchonlineandfindalocalstorethatstocksorganicproduceforareasonableprice.

1.ItisstatedinParagraph1thatorganicfood（）.

2.Farmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticidesto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,organicfood（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeatandpoultry?

6.Inthelastparagraph,peopleareadvisedto（）.

7.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

8.Whatwillbeprobablyaddressedifthereisanotherparagraphafterthelast?

問題1選項

A.isconsideredasabetterchoice

B.ismostlysuppliedbyworld-famouscompanies

C.hasbecomepopularoverthelast50years

D.reflectsthechangeofproductionpractices

問題2選項

A.satisfypeople’scriticaldemand

B.developbetterfarmingtechnology

C.getahighercropyield

D.keeppeopleinbetterhealth

問題3選項

A.FruitsnowadaysdonotcontainVitaminC

B.FruitsnowadayscontainmoreVitaminCthanbefore

C.FruitsnowadayscontainlessVitaminCthanbefore

D.FruitsnowadayscontainVitaminCasmuchasbefore

問題4選項

A.hasgonedowninquality

B.hasmorenutrients

C.canreplacemass-producedfood

D.lacksVitaminC

問題5選項

A.Organicmeatandpoultryishardlyavailable

B.Agreatamountofmeatisconsumedeveryyear

C.Mercilesskillingoftheanimalslowerstheirquality

D.Theymaycontainantibioticsandgrowthhormones

問題6選項

A.eattraditionalproduceandmeat

B.returntomass-producedfruits

C.dothecostandavailabilityresearch

D.tryor