初中代詞知識(shí)匯總概要

專題二代詞、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的主格、賓格，表格如下:數(shù)人消、格\\單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格IyouShe,he,itweyouthey賓格meyouher,him,itusyouthem人稱代詞的主格在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。Ilovemycountry.Sheisagoodstudent.人稱代詞的賓格在句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Idon'tknowher.Hismotheriswaitingforhimoutside.一Whoisit?—It'sme.3.人稱代詞的語(yǔ)序幾個(gè)人稱代詞并列充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，他們的順序是：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式（二、三、一）you,heandI復(fù)數(shù)形式（一、二、三）we,youandthey、物主代詞.物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，表格如下:數(shù)人稱詞義單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一一二一一二我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs.形容詞性物主代詞在句中做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。Hisparentsarebothofficeworkers.MynameisJack.名詞性物主代詞常用來(lái)避免前面已提及的名詞，相當(dāng)于 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。-Thisismydictionary.Whereisyours?—It'sovertheonthebed.Myideaisquitedifferentfromhers..名詞性物主代詞可用在 of后面作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于"of名詞所有格”，表示帶有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。Heisafriendofmine.（我的一個(gè)朋友）、反身代詞.反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式表格如下:數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第人稱myself我自己ourselves我們自己第二人稱Yourself你自己yourselves你們自己第三人稱himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves <「他們自己她們自己|它們自己.反身代詞的用法Thelittleboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.（作賓語(yǔ)）Ihopeyoucanenjoyyourselvesattheparty.（作賓語(yǔ)）Thechildrenmademodelplanesthemsekes.（作同位語(yǔ)）Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.（作賓語(yǔ)）.反身代詞的常用詞組teachoneself自學(xué)learnbyoneself自學(xué)enjoyoneself 過(guò)得愉快，玩得高興helponeselfto隨便吃 cometooneself蘇醒hurtoneself受傷byoneself親自四、指示代詞.指示代詞表格如下：?jiǎn)螖?shù)thisthat復(fù)數(shù)thatthose.指示代詞的用法this/these①近指。Thisismypen.Thesearemybooks.②指下文要提到的事。Pleaserememberthis:Nopains,nogains.that/those①遠(yuǎn)指。That'sherbike.②.指前面剛剛提到過(guò)的事、Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhedidn 'tgotoschool..打電話時(shí)用this介紹自己，that詢問(wèn)對(duì)方。ThisisMikespeaking.我是麥克。Who'sthat?你是誰(shuí)？五、疑問(wèn)代詞的用法。疑問(wèn)代詞主要用法例句who作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)在口語(yǔ)中不能放在介詞后）Whowantstogowithme?Whoareyoutalking?whomwho的賓格形式，作賓語(yǔ)Whomareyoutalking?/Towhomareyoutalking?whosewho的所有格形式，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)Whosebookisthis?what/whowhat詢問(wèn)杲人的職業(yè)一What'syourfather?-Heisaworker.who詢問(wèn)杲人的身份、姓名-Whoistheboyunderthetree?一HeisLiMing.what/whichwhat指不定數(shù)目中的哪一個(gè)，那一些；什么”，沒(méi)有一定范圍的限定-Whoistheboyunderthetree?一HeisLiMing.which哪一個(gè)"，指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物Whatwouldyoulike?常考點(diǎn)清單二、普通不定代詞及復(fù)合不定代詞.初中階段常用普通不定代詞表格如下:some,anyfew,littlenone,many,mucheither,neitherone,each,everyboth,allother.普通不定代詞的用法some與anySome與any均表示.些"，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞， 也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句。但在疑問(wèn)句中，若要表示說(shuō)話人希望得到肯定的回答或表示請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用 some。Therearen'tanystudentsintheclassroom.-Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?-Yes,please.many與muchMany修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞so,too,as,how連用。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度 so,too,as,how連用。Therearetoomanymistakesinyourexercises.Henevereatssomuchbreakfast.Hehasgottoomuchworktodo.either與neitherEither指兩個(gè)之中其中一個(gè)，neither指兩個(gè)人或物中一個(gè)也不。常構(gòu)成固定搭配either/neitherof+名(代)詞的復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(第三人稱單數(shù))；當(dāng)either…。廠?和neither…nor,??連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.Neitherofthebooksisgood.EitheryouorIamgoingtoAmerica.both與allboth表示兩者都“，常與and連用；all指土者或三者以上都BothsheandIarestudents.

Bothplansaregood.Allofusshouldgothere.Theyallagreetostayhere.each與everyeach和every都表示每一個(gè)"之意，each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況，修飾名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外，each可用來(lái)指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物，而every只可指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物。Therearetreesoneachsideoftheroad.Eachstudentpassedtheexam.EachofuswearsayellowT-shirt.（二）復(fù)合不定代詞somebody某人anybody任何人nobody沒(méi)有人everybody每個(gè)人someoneanyonenooneeveryone某人任何人沒(méi)有人每人somethinganythingnothingeverything某事任何事沒(méi)啟東西每件事Doyouhaveanythingspecialtotellmetoday?你今天有什么特別的事告訴我嗎？Listentome,boysandgirls.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.同學(xué)們，聽(tīng)我說(shuō)，我有一些事情要告訴你們。一Isthereanythinginthecup? 杯子里有東西嗎？一No,thereisnothing.沒(méi)有，什么也沒(méi)有。一、/注息：.當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞如 everybody,nobody,anyone等時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞 they;當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞如 everything,anything,nothing,something等時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞 it.Everybodyishere,aren'大they在這，是嗎?Everythingisready,isn 一切都般備好了，是嗎?.當(dāng)形容詞或else（另外）修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,everything,everyone等時(shí)，形容詞或else必須放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面。XiaoMing,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.小明，我有重要的事情要告訴你。Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufindanyoneelse?我們還需要——個(gè)助手。 你能再給我們找一個(gè)嗎？.everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人；everyone既可指人也可指物， 還可以和of短語(yǔ)連用。Iwouldlikeeveryonetobehappy.我希望人人者B幸福Everyone/everyonelikesMary. 大家者B喜歡瑪麗。Ihavekepteveryoneofherletters. 我把她的每一封信都保存了下來(lái)。Shetookmybottlesofwhiskyandemptiedeveryonedownthesink.我把我的威士忌酒一瓶一瓶全倒進(jìn)水池子里去了。二、代詞it的用法s..指代前面提到過(guò)的事物。s.Thisisnotmybook.ItisJim.用來(lái)代替指示代詞this或that一What'sthis?—It'sapencil..指嬰兒或不明身份的人。Someoneisknockingatthedoor,pleasegoandseewhoitis..指時(shí)間或季節(jié)。一What'sthetimenow?—It'steno'clock..表天氣。一What'stheweatherliketoday?—It'ssunny..表距離Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?.用作形式主語(yǔ)，常用于下列句型中：⑴Itis+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.Itisimportantforustoworkhard.It'stimetoloo/that…It'timetogetup/forlunch/thatwegohome.Itseemsthat ??看起來(lái)好像 It'soneurntodo輪到某人做 It'sydurntosing.It's+adj.+IthOtJ.作形式賓語(yǔ)Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?.弓I導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who/whom+其它成分”。Itisourhopethatourcitybecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.三、it,one,that作代詞時(shí)的區(qū)別it特指上下文提到的同一對(duì)象，是同一事物。Thebookismine.It'sveryinteresting是我的，它很有趣。one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個(gè)，同類而不同一。一Whohasapen?誰(shuí)有鋼筆？-Ihaveone.我有一支。that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter. 冬天北京的天氣比廣州的天氣冷。易混點(diǎn)清單否定few（幾乎沒(méi)有）little （幾乎沒(méi)有）Wouldyoupleasebuysomesaltforme,Tony?Thereislittleleft.托尼，可以給我買(mǎi)些鹽嗎？已經(jīng)快沒(méi)有了。Hehassolittlemoneythathecan'taffordthe確的錢(qián)太少了，買(mǎi)不起這本書(shū)。三、other;theother;others;theothers;another不定代詞意義用法說(shuō)明other另外的只做定語(yǔ)，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等時(shí)，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用theother兩者中另一個(gè)常與連用，構(gòu)成“one…,theother…,作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示其余的全部”others泛指別的人或物是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成some,others…theothers特指其余的人或物是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指其余的人或物another任何一個(gè)，另,個(gè)指三者或二者以上中的任何一個(gè)，用作形容詞或代詞代詞中考練習(xí)一where'sMrsLitakingPollyandMickey? She'stakingacrossthestreet.A.themB.usC.youD.it2.Believeyourself. You'rebetterthanyou'rethebest.Wishyousuccess!A.anyoneelseB.someoneelseC.elseanyone3.Readingcanincreaseyourwords.Whenyouread,youwillfindwordsrepeatsandbuildupyourvocabularyquickly.A.ourselvesB.itselfC.themselves4.lookatthephoto.ThegirlbesideisNancy.A.IB.myC.meD.mine5.Itriedseveraljacketson,butofthemlookedgood.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither6. Areyou fromAmerica? No,noneofus.A.bothB.allC.anyD.mine.I’mgoingskating.Wouldyouliketogowith ?A.meB.IC.myD.mine.I’mhungry.Iwant toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing. istoodifficultifyouputyoureffortintoit.A.AnythingB.SomethingC.NothingD.Everything.HisnameisJamesbuthecalls Jim.A.hisB.himselfC.himD./. Thestoryissoamazing!It ’sthemostinterestingstoryI’veeverread. ButI’mafraiditwon’tbelikedby .A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody.Julieenjoyslisteningtomusicverymuch.Sheoftensaystomethat ismoreinterestingthanmusic.A.nothingB.somethingC.everything.Therearemanytallbuildingson sidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.allC.bothtspeaktome.---IsawTonyattheparty.Buthedidntspeaktome evening. Maybehedidn’tseeyou.A.allB.everyC.eitherD.another.Ihavegotmanycollectingsofsnowglobes.youmaytake oneifyoulike.A.eitherB.oneC.itD.none. Whoissinginginthenextroom? mustbeMarieA.ItB.SheC.ThisD.There.ThemachinesmadeinChinaarecheaperthan madeinJapan.A.onesB.thatC.thoseD.it. IsthenovelJourneytothewest book? No,it’sHelen’s.Ileft athome.A.your,myB.yours,mineC.you,itD.your,mine. Whydoyoulikethemusicthatsoundsnotsoexciting? Themusicreminds ofmyboyhood.A.mineB.meC.myD.myself. Yourwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy ? Inshanghai.Doyouwanttohave likethis?A.it,oneB.it,itC.one,itD.one,one代詞中考練習(xí)二.---Didyouenjoy attheparty,Jimmy?---Yes,Mum.Ienioyed verymuch.A.yours,ourselvesB.yourselves,myselfC.yourself,myselfD.yourselves,ourselves.--- doesyourcousinlooklike?---He’stallandthin.A.WhatB.whereC.WhoD.which.JohnandDickyaretoobusytohelpus.Let ’sdoitA.herselfB.himselfC.themselvesD.ourselves.Therearemanytreeson sideoftheriver.A.bothB.eitherC.all.Therepearsinmybasketaresmallerthan inJim.A.itB.thatC.onesD.those. Is readyforthejourney? No.Wehaven’tgotacamera.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything.---Isthere intoday’snewspaper? Yes.ShenzhouVIwillbesentupintospaceinthenearfuture.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.AllA.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.AllA.nothingnewB.newnothingC.anythingnewD.newanything. Who’syourEnglishteacher? MissGao.Sheteach Englishverywell.A.ourB.usC.oursD.we. WhohelpedyouwithyourEnglish? !Ilearneditallbymyself.A.NobodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.Everybody.---Doyouliketalkingwithyourfriendsonthetelephoneormobilephone?--- .IenjoyusingQQ.A.EitherB.NeitherC.NoneD.Both.---John,someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning? Oh,whowas ?A.heB.sheC.itD.that. WhataboutthisT—Shirt? Idon’tlikethecolor.Pleaseshowme one.A.otherB.theothe