動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

動(dòng)詞不定式的用法概念：動(dòng)詞不定式由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。這里的to是不定式標(biāo)志，沒有詞義。不定式具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的某些語法功能，又有動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的特點(diǎn)及作用?？梢宰鲋髡Z、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語。-、作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：

It+be+名詞+todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?It+be+形容詞+b+todoItisdifficultforustofinishforswritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如：important,comfortable,thelast,thebest,notenougheasy,difficult,hard,possible,impossible,necessary,better;important,comfortable,thelast,thebest,notenoughthefirst,thenext,toomuch,toolittle,④It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless（欠考慮的；不考慮的）,brave,considerate（考慮周至1J的），selfish（自私的 ）等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于 Sbis＋形容詞＋ todo句式，如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.⑤Itseems（appears）+形容詞+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：1）其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型不定式作為句子主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用Itis…to的句型對(duì)應(yīng)性：Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。二、作賓語以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語afford（付得起），agree（同意），aim（力求做到）,appear（顯得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt（試圖），care（想要），choose（決定），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊）,consent（準(zhǔn)許），decide（決定），demand（要求），determine（決心），endeavor（竭力），expect:（期待），fail（未履行），help（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），hope（希望），learn（學(xué)會(huì)），manage（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動(dòng)提出），plan（計(jì)戈U）,prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），promise（答應(yīng)），prove（證明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺得好像），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會(huì)），threaten（威脅），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓），want（想要），wish（希望）舉例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+不定式decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell、 [4、J、, 4Pleaseshowushowtodothat.請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥herearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。3)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語 it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語＋動(dòng)詞＋ it＋補(bǔ)語＋todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.工作補(bǔ)語動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式 （todo）adviseallowbelievecausechallengecompel（強(qiáng)迫,使不得不）declareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduce（引誘,勸導(dǎo)）instruct（命令,指示）invitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposetelltrainurge（催促，鼓勵(lì)）例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠?。Webelievehimtobeguilty.我們相信他是有罪的。find的特殊用法：find后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例題:Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。lie:躺過去式lay,過去分詞lain,現(xiàn)在分詞lying;lie:說謊過去式lied,過去分詞lied,現(xiàn)在分詞lying;lay:安放過去式laid,過去分詞laid,現(xiàn)在分詞laying;to+be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。Acknowledge承認(rèn),供認(rèn),believe,consider,think, declare（聲稱），discover,fancy（設(shè)想），feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see（H解）,show,suppose,take（以為）,understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。tobe+形容詞Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean--Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.Itisbelievedthat???人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。有些動(dòng)詞需用as短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Marytookhimasherfather.瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。四、作表語不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定式說明主語的內(nèi)容。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.ThestorytoldbyMrWangisinteresting.④⑤句動(dòng)名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開 來。五、作狀語1）目的狀語To…onlyto（僅僅為了），inorderto,soasto,so（such）…asto如 以便……）Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我來僅僅是向你告別。2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.典型例題Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。Thewateristoocoldtodrink.（不用被動(dòng)）六、作定語.不定式作定語不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.Doyouhaveanythingtobetaken(totake)toyoursister?Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：(1)表示將來的動(dòng)作(例①)。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞(例④)。(3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍用主動(dòng)語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（例②）。（4）不定式作定語時(shí)， 一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例①toarrive=thatwillarrive。七．省to的動(dòng)詞不定式介紹情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除ought外，oughtto意思是"應(yīng)該"，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只有一種形式，后邊接動(dòng)詞不定式，to不能省略。oughtto沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形可以表示現(xiàn)在、將來或過去將來，由時(shí)間狀語或上下文決定。例如：Theyoughttocometomorrow.他們明天應(yīng)當(dāng)來）：使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make：感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略 to。注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。在使役動(dòng)詞中g(shù)et除外(getsb.todosth.)Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.表示個(gè)人意愿或傾向的wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell：ratherthan置于句首時(shí)。Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.Why…/whynot???：help可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb(to)dosth：but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè) to可以省去：通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去 tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。but作介詞，后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，前面謂語動(dòng)詞部分若含有do的形式時(shí)，but后的不定式要省去to，否則要帶 to。Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.11）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式短語由連詞and，but或or連接時(shí)，后一個(gè)或幾個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to常省略。但若表示對(duì)比、對(duì)照關(guān)系時(shí)，則不能省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,.nottomakeitmoredifficult.12）不定式做表語時(shí)，一般要帶 to，但若主語部分中含有do的各種形式時(shí)，符號(hào)to可省去。We'vemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddonowiswalkhome.典型例題 Iusuallygotherebytrain. Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D.whynot后面接不帶to的不定式，因此選 D。Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning答案：B.make后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to不可省略。13，在口語中 ,為避免重復(fù) ,常用"to"代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)甚至可以把 to省略.如:①-DidyougotovisittheGreatWall-No,Iwantedto,buttherewasn'tenoughtime.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式...nottodo...Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。典型例題Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut答案： B。tellsbtodosth的否定形式為tellsbnottodosth.Shepretended___mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen答案：A。pretend后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretendnottodosth.。Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案：A。warnsbtodosth.的否定形式為warnsbnottodosth.此處用的是否定詞never.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet，buthismothertoldhim .A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto答案：A。notto為nottodoit的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為bewarnednottodo。八、不定式的特殊句型不定式的特殊句型soasto表示目的；它的否定式是 soasnottodo。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。sokindasto---勞駕Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。"Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議"為什么不……？""干嗎不……？"例如：Whynottakeaholiday?干嗎不去度假 ?It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。for與of的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用 of，不通則用 for。如：Youarenice.（通順，所以應(yīng)用of）。Heishard. （人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。）4、不定式的特殊句型too…to…too???to太?…以至于…Heistooexcitedtospeak.他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。 CanIhelpyou?需要我?guī)兔? Well,I'mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。It'snevertoolatetomend.（諺語）改過不嫌晚。當(dāng)too前面有only,all,but時(shí)，意思是：非?！扔趘ery。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。[動(dòng)詞不定式的 "to"與介詞的"to"區(qū)別]to有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形；一為介詞 +名詞/動(dòng)名詞,to在下面的用法中是介詞，即to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admitto承認(rèn)，confessto承認(rèn)，beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于，beusedto習(xí)慣于，stickto堅(jiān)持，turnto開始，著手于，devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望，payattentionto注意，contributeto,objectto介詞but,except,besides+todo(do)在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無 do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to，帶to不帶do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.九、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別與聯(lián)系動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同3)在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：①hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí)，如：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.②當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.③begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.4.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，或帶不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Ourteachersdon'tpermitour/usswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdon'tpermitustoswiminthelake.部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Don'tforgettoposttheletterforme.HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同的有11組stoptodo/stopdoingforgettodo/forgetdoingremembertodo/rememberdoingregrettodo/regretdoingceasetodo長時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停止）/ceasedoing（短時(shí)間）trytodo（盡力）、trydoing（嘗試）goontodogoondoingafraidtodo不敢去做某事afraidofdoing一向害怕做某事，表示習(xí)慣interestedtodo對(duì)某事感興趣，想了解、interesteddoing對(duì)某種想法感興趣meantodo打算、、meandoing意味begin/starttodobegin/startdoing十，動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài) ,語態(tài)（1）時(shí)態(tài)①一般式:動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后 ,有時(shí)表示同時(shí)發(fā)生.如:Ihopetobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.（tobecome發(fā)生在hope之后）WeoftenhearDickplaythepianointhenextroom.（play和hear同時(shí)發(fā)生）②完成式:表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前 .如:I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Wearetooyoungtohaveseentheoldsociety.③進(jìn)行式:表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.如:TheteacherhappenedtobecorrectingourpaperswhenIcamein.Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.（2）語態(tài)如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者 ,不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式.如:It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主語 ）Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主語）Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作賓語）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired(不定式作定語 )Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.(不定式作狀語)在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中 ,修飾主語的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng).如:Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同如:Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)不定式完成進(jìn)行式與完成被動(dòng)式的用法一、不定式被動(dòng)式的用法不定式到底用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動(dòng)就用主動(dòng)形式，意思上為被動(dòng)就用被動(dòng)形式：Diditneedtobedonesosoon?這事需要這么快就做嗎?Shecan'tbeartobelaughedat.她受不了被人嘲笑。Therewasbusinesstobetakencareof.有生意要人管理。Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否正確，以后見分曉。Therewasalotofrubbishtobegotridof.有大量垃圾需要扔掉。二、不定式完成被動(dòng)式的用法不定式的完成被動(dòng)式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作：I’mpleasedtohavebeengiventhisopportunity.給了我這次機(jī)會(huì)我很高興。It’ssaidtohavebeenbuiltintheMingdynasty.據(jù)說它是明朝修建的。不定式完成式的三種用法＞表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作Heseemstohavecaughtacold.他似乎感冒了。Ihatetohavequarreledwithher.我后悔和她吵架了。Ibelieveittohavebeenamistake.我相信這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Youappeartohavetravelledquitealot.你似乎作過多次旅行。I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.對(duì)不起給了你這么多麻煩。It’ssaidtohavebeenbuiltintheMingdynasty.據(jù)說它是明朝修建的。:、表示在某個(gè)給定的時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作Ihopetohavefinishedtheworkbynow.我希望現(xiàn)在以前已完成這項(xiàng)工作。工表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法和愿望Ishouldliketohavecomeearlier.我本想早點(diǎn)來的。Weweretohavebeenmarriedlastyear.我們本來打算去年結(jié)婚的。十年高考非謂語動(dòng)詞考題匯編.Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.tonoteatB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating. inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.Losing B.HavinglostC.Lost D.Tolosewouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togo BhavinggoneC.going D.tohavegone4.TheOlympicGames, in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayed B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplaying D.tobefirstplaying.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries, itthemostpopularsportsintheworld.A.making B.makes C.made D.tomake.Robertissaid abroad,butIdonknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor, ”Smoirsrsytoy0u;willcalllater”A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier, itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake10.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsThemanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutThepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hanging C.hangs D.beinghungA thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.Given B.TOgive C.Giving D.HavinggivenAsIjoinedthebigcrowd,Igot frommyfriend.A.separatedB.spared C.lost D.missedsuchheavypollution,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.Tosleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.HavingsleptOnelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand them.A.correct B.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrectHavingatripabroadisgoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenItissaidinAustraliaTOC\o"1-5"\h\z19.thereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows .A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithitTheresearchissodesignedthatonce nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins B.beingbegunC.beginningD.begunThemotherdidn’tknow toblame

forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.who B.when C.how D.whatPricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buyingInordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestriving theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.making C.tohavemadeD.havingmadeQuiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisasterifamirrorwasdisasterifamirrorwasB.wasB.wasD.broken.A.wassureofstrikingsureofhavingstruckC.wassuretobestruckwassuretostrikeDon'tusewords,expressions,orphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedAcookwillimmediatelybefiredifheisfound___inthekitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smokes—Whydidyougobacktotheshop?—1leftmyfriend___there.A.waiting B.towait C.wait D.waitsThemanager,___hisfactory'sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A.knowing B.knownC.toknow D.beingknownTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake31. time,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.Havinggiven B.Togive C.Giving D.GivenItisbelievedthatifabookis ,itwillsurely thereader.A.interested ???interest B.interesting -beinterestedC.interested ???beinteresting D.interesting ???interestThediscoveryofnewevidenceledtoA.thethief???havingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking, accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedMr.Smith, ofthe speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring;boringLawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents .A.worriedB.toworryC.worrying D.worrySarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimeto beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochangeWhenfirst tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced"Wecan'tgooutinthisweather,"saidBob, outofthewindow.A.looking B.tolookC.looked D.havinglookedHelenhadtoshout abovethesoundofthemusic.makingherselfheartomakeherselfhearmakingherselfheard D.tomakeherselfheardReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.toform B.form C.forming D.havingformedItshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen atthemeetingbymyboss)A.questioning B.havingquestionedC.questioned D.tobequestionedAlicereturnedfromthemanager'soffice, methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.A.havingtoldB.tellsC.totell D.tellingMyadvisorencouraged asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.TohavewaitedLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany, as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknownHelookedaroundandcaughtaman hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting．Don’tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth.ArunBrunningCbeingrunDtorunThemaninsisted ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofind C.onfinding D.infindingAmanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe murderlastnight.A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admittedTheoldman, abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only thefilmstarshadleft.A．totellB．tobetoldC．tellingD．toldHavingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime theexam.A．passB．topassC．passedD．passing theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedYouweresillynot yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked w