翻譯碩士視譯課件1

交替（即席、連續(xù)）傳譯(ConsecutiveInterpreting)

演講、祝詞、談判、參觀、采訪、宴會等。同聲傳譯(SimultaneousInterpreting)

會議傳譯（conferencesimultaneousinterpreting)）視譯(On-SightInterpreting)

咬耳傳譯(WhisperingInterpreting)

英語導(dǎo)游算口譯員嗎？

口譯的種類1

1、按操作形式：

a.交替口譯（alternatinginterpretation）

b.接續(xù)翻譯（consecutiveinterpretation）

c.同聲傳譯（simultaneousinterpretation）

d.耳語口譯（whisperinginterpretation）

e.視閱口譯（sightinterpretation）2、按傳譯方向：

a.單向口譯（one-wayinterpretation）

b.雙向口譯（two-wayinterpretation）3、按任務(wù)分類：

a.導(dǎo)游口譯（guideinterpretation）

b.禮儀口譯（ceremonyinterpretation）

c.宣傳口譯（informationinterpretation）

d.會議口譯（conferenceinterpretation）

e.談判口譯（negotiationinterpretation）21.Sighttranslation譯員拿到一份書面文字材料，把它口頭翻譯出來。2.Sightinterpretation譯員手頭有文字材料，還有聽覺信息輸入，這個(gè)過程是邊看，邊聽，邊說。譯員要跟上發(fā)言人語速。視譯種類3

1）視譯要求譯語產(chǎn)出與源語發(fā)布同步進(jìn)行，因此譯員在聽完一段講話后，無法按目的語表達(dá)習(xí)慣對源語詞序先作出較大調(diào)整，然后再給出譯文，他只能按源語講話的句子順序?qū)⑾嚷牭降暮涂吹降南茸g；此外由于時(shí)間的限制，譯員也無法對剛剛發(fā)布的譯語進(jìn)行過多的修正和補(bǔ)充，他必須盡量讓譯語的產(chǎn)出一次成型。

視譯練習(xí)與同聲傳譯的相似之處：4Japansurrenderedin1945afterAmericansdroppedtwoatombombs.日本人在1945年投降了。美國人投了兩顆原子彈后。日本人投降了，那是在1945年，在這之前，美國人投了兩顆原子彈。

ResistingtheTemptationofSeekingPerfection！Eg.5

2）由于時(shí)間限制，視譯與同傳譯員都必須做到眼、耳、口并用，以便在同一時(shí)間處理好雙耳分聽、信息預(yù)測、斷句、試譯以及譯語的重組、發(fā)布、修正與監(jiān)聽等多重任務(wù)；同時(shí)譯員還需靈活運(yùn)用推理、概括、解釋、挪位、添加、刪簡、重復(fù)等技巧，保證譯語的順利產(chǎn)出。

視譯練習(xí)與同聲傳譯的相似之處：63）通過視譯練習(xí)，學(xué)員學(xué)會在領(lǐng)受口譯任務(wù)之后認(rèn)真分析講稿，并通過有針對性的閱讀積累主題知識，掃除口譯過程中可能遇到的理解和術(shù)語障礙，并盡可能地事先準(zhǔn)備好發(fā)言稿的譯文（至少也應(yīng)打好譯文腹稿），以取得更好的傳譯效果。這一過程與同傳譯員的譯前準(zhǔn)備工作非常相似。

視譯練習(xí)與同聲傳譯的相似之處：7視譯也稱為：有稿同傳(SimultaneousInterpretingwithText)一般的同聲傳譯訓(xùn)練：注意力的分配訓(xùn)練

視譯

無稿同聲傳譯因此：81)不可回頭重說(backtrack)2)譯者的視覺距離(perceptualspan)不夠大，或訊息處理(messageprocessing)的能量不足，或是標(biāo)示記號不夠周全，都會造成必須重新安排訊息單位次序的窘境。3)若是遺漏重要的訊息，則可另外加一句補(bǔ)足意思。4)表達(dá)要流暢，簡潔，明白。要能掌握訊息的重點(diǎn)。5)出現(xiàn)this、that、these、those，往往需要加以說明，指的是什么：

視譯表達(dá)的注意事項(xiàng)：91）選一篇材料，進(jìn)行中英互翻。練習(xí)的材料:較為前沿的信息2）速度要均勻，不要停頓太久，3）初級階段：盡量使用順譯技巧高級階段：這一階段適用于能夠一目一行或幾行并同時(shí)能夠理解用另一種語言及該語言的最熟練的一種結(jié)構(gòu)將材料翻譯出來。視譯練習(xí)方法：10實(shí)戰(zhàn)篇

第一原則:依序順譯1.Therewillcomeadaywhenpeopletheworldoverwillliveahappylifeunderthesunofsocialism.112.

On

theaverage,malestudentsscorehigheronteststhatmeasuremathematicalreasoning,mechanicalability,andproblemsolvingskills.3.EugeneRostowwasdirectoroftheUSArmsControlandDisarmamentAgencyuntil1983whenhewasfiredafterrepeatedclasheswiththeWhiteHouseovertheconductofstrategicweaponstalkswiththeSovietsinGeneva.121筆譯譯文打破了英語原句語序，而視譯譯文基本保持原文語序2筆譯譯文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，而視譯疑問結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，較口語化3筆譯譯文與視譯譯文傳達(dá)的內(nèi)容信息基本相同。任何口譯形式傳達(dá)的都是information?words。筆譯與視譯區(qū)別13scholarlytreatise學(xué)術(shù)論文bureaucracy政府部門rational合乎情理的courteous有禮貌的InternalRevenueService(美國)國內(nèi)收入署welfaredepartment福利部門bungle弄糟，搞壞discriminatory帶有歧視的

insensitive冷漠的revup加速語段詞匯14Mostironicwastheimageofgovernmentthatwasbornoftheseexperiences.Asanyscholarlytreatiseonthesubjectwilltellyou,thegreatadvantagebureaucracyissupposedtoofferforacomplex,modernsocietylikeoursisefficient,rational,uniformandcourteoustreatmentforthecitizensitdealswith.YetnotonlydidthesequalitiesnotcomethroughtothepeopleItalkedwith,itwastheirveryoppositesthatseemedmorecharacteristic.Peopleofallclasses-therichmandealingwiththeInternalRevenueServiceaswellasthepoorwomanstrugglingwiththewelfaredepartment-feltthatthetreatmenttheyhadreceivedhadbeenbungled,notefficient;unpredictable,notrational;discriminatory,notuniform;alltoooften,insensitive,ratherthancourteous.Itwasasiftheyhadboughtabignewcarthatnotonlydidnotrunwhentheywanteditto,butperiodicallyrevveditselfupanddroveallaroundtheiryards.151.ManyChinesepeoplefeelalittlebitpuzzledwhentheyseeaseriesofeventsthattheUSgovernmentseemstohavetakenamoreconfrontationalapproachtowardChina.2.AndIthinkwhatIwouldliketosaytotheChinesepeopleisthatweviewChinaasaveryimportantnationthatisgoingthroughaperiodoftransformation.練習(xí)163.PresidentBushverymuchbelievesingettingtomeetotherleadersandtotalktothemfacetofaceandconveythatAmericanattitudeof“l(fā)et’sseeifwecanworktogethertosolveanyproblemsthatexistbetweenus,andlet’salwaysbedoingwhatwecantoimprovetherelationshipbetweenourtwocountries.”174.Theareasthatwewillhavesomedifficultywith,andthePresidentwillbecandidaboutthis,havetodowithhumanrights,andwedohavesomeconcernsaboutproliferationissues.5.BecausetherelationshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinaissocomplexandithassomanypiecestoitthatitdoesn’tdoitjusticetocaptureitwithasingleword.186.Butitisarelationshipthatincreasinglywillbebasedonfriendship,ontrust,onworkingtogether,onworkingthroughproblems,onbeingcandidwitheachotherwhenwehavedisagreements,andsomepeoplehavecalleditapartnershipinthepast.19以類意群斷句斷句是保持譯出語語序的關(guān)鍵斷句的關(guān)鍵在于采取可行的斷句方法單詞？意群？整句？斷句的基本方法是使用類意群作為視譯單位。類意群是一種類似意群卻又比它更加靈活的單位。第二原則201相對獨(dú)立的意義概念?？梢元?dú)立翻譯而不產(chǎn)生意義上的誤會或不完整。2在一目可及的范圍之內(nèi)，指譯員可以一目掃過而盡收眼中的長度。能保證譯員速度。3能夠通過連接語較靈活地與前后的視譯單位結(jié)合。指在增加一個(gè)連接詞后，就可以比較順暢地將一個(gè)句子的意思完整地表達(dá)出來。類意群特征211.Themomentwhenallthepeopleintheorganizationbecameangryandbegantoarguewithoneanotherastowhoshouldtaketheresponsibilitywasexactlythetimewhenanevenmoreseriouseventtookplace.2.Indeed,wehopetointensifyworkwithaChinathatnotonlyadjuststotheinternationalrulesdevelopedoverthelastcentury,butalsojoinsusandotherstoaddressthechallengesofthenewcentury.223.TheGeneralAssemblyrecognizedtheimportanceofinternationalcooperationindevisingmeasureseffectivelytopreventtheir(terroristacts)occurrenceandofstudyingtheirunderlyingcauseswithaviewtofindingjustandpeacefulsolutionsasquicklyaspossible.4.ThemomentwhentheUnitedstatestookitsplaceasaleaderandapermanentactoronthestageofinternationalpolitics-attheendoftheSecondWorldWar-coincidedwiththedawnofthenuclearage.23CommunicationsDepartment交通處station駐扎billet安頓Partisanschool黨校radiooperator無線電報(bào)務(wù)員Unleavened不發(fā)酵的Whole-wheatbread全麥饅頭millet小米famish挨餓nonchalant冷淡的bill帽舌flap（帽邊等）垂下provoke激起，引起，惹Embolden使有膽量，使更勇敢

視譯語段中詞匯24

AfterItalkedforafewminuteswithChouEnlai,andexplainedwhoIwas,hearrangedformetospendthenightinPaiChiaPing,andaskedmetocomenextmorningtohisheadquarters,inanearbyvillage.IsatdowntodinnerwithasectionoftheCommunicationDepartment，whichwasstationedhere,andImetadozenyoungmenwhowasbilletedinPaiChiaPing.Someofthemwereteachersinthepartisanschool,onewasaradiooperator,andsomewereofficersoftheRedArmy.Ourmealconsistedofboiledchicken,unleavenedwhole-wheatbread,cabbages,millet,andpotatoes,ofwhichIateheartedly.視譯語段25

But,asusual,therewasnothingtodrinkbuthotwaterandIcouldnottouchit.Iamfamishedwiththirst.Thefoodwasserved-deliveredistheword-bytwononchalantyoungladswearinguniformsseveralsizestoolargeforthem,andpeakedRedCapswithlongbillsthatkeptflappingdownovertheireyes.Theylookedatmesourlyatfirst,butafterafewminutesImanagedtoprovokeafriendlygrinfromoneofthem.Emboldenedbythissuccess,Icalledtohimashewentpast.Tobecontinued26類意群間的銜接視譯的連接成分不是語法中的連接詞，而是連接兩個(gè)類意群之間的一種句子成分，它可以是代詞，名詞，也可以是詞組等，目的是使整個(gè)句子通順。Theoldman,whowaswalkingslowlyalongtheriverside,lookedaroundandstoppedfromtimetotime.Thatthoseyoungpeoplewhohadbeensoenergeticdiedsosuddenlyintheearthquakewasarealshocktoevertbody.第三原則27Inthissmalltown,almosteveryoneknewMr.Smith,theonetimebossofaprestigiouscompanycalledSmith&Sons.Themethodwaslargelydevelopedbyphysicists,chemistsandbiologists;itwaslateradoptedbypeopleworkinginsuchareasaseducation,psychologyandsociology,wherethesubjectsofresearchwereoftenpeople.Butsadlytheinternationalcommunityonlyreactswhenthemediabeamsthepainfulspectacleofworldsufferingintothehomesofthewealthycountries.視譯中兩種連接情況

一、需要增加名詞或代詞作連接成分的句子28Finallyhesucceededininventingthenewproductthroughrepeatedconsultationandexperiments.Shetriedtopronouncesoundcorrectlybyreadingthepoemaloudeverymorning.Despitetheheavyrain,theymanagedtoarriveatthesummercampingoodtime.二、介詞引導(dǎo)的句子成分29AsianAmerican亞裔美國人Familygrocery家庭經(jīng)營的雜貨店Legacy遺產(chǎn)Endemic某地（或某些人中）流行的Identitycrisis認(rèn)同危機(jī)Accommodationist傾向白人思想觀點(diǎn)的語段視譯詞匯30ItisoftensaidthatAsianAmericansarea“modelminority”,withParentswhowork18hoursadayinthefamilygroceryandchildrenwhoworkwithequalamazingperseveranceintheclassroom.Ataglance,theevidenceseemsclear:whilethefirstAsianstocometoAmericalivedpoorlyasafarmers,minersandrailwayworkers,wenowenjoyoneofthehighestaverageincomesinthecountry.HereatHarvard,18%oftheclassof1996areAsianAmericans,comparedto3%ofthetotalUSpopulation.Byfocusingonthe“positivestereotype”,however,oneneglectstheothersideofourlives.視譯語段一31Formanyofus-thesecondgeneration-thereissomethinguncomfortableaboutbeingAsianinAmerica.Althoughmanyofusappreciatethegreatsacrificesourparentshavemade,theireconomicsuccesssomehowrepresentsforusanunsatisfyinglegacy.Wesufferinparticularfromanendemicidentitycrisis.Wehavebeguntoquestiontheaccommodationistwaysofourforebears,ourquietlystudiousmanner,ournarrowpriorities,andourpreviousnotionsofsuccess.Tobecontinued32Therearemanykindsofcourage.Awesomekinds.Andeverydaykinds.Still,courageiscourage—whateverkind.Courageisridingyourbicycleforthefirsttimewithouttrainingwheels.Courageisaspellingbeeandyourwordissuperciliousness.Couargeistwocandybarsandsavingonefortomorrow.視譯語段二33Courageisnobodybetterpickonyourlittlebrother.Courageisit’syourjobtocheckoutthenightnoisesinthehouse.Courageisbeingthenewkidontheblockandsaying,flatout,“Hi,myname’swayne.What’syours?Courageistastingthevegetablebeforemakingaface.Courageisnotpeekingatthelastpagesofyourwhoduitbooktofindoutwhodidit.Tobecontinued34Courageisbeingthefirsttomakeupafteranargument.Courageisdeliberatelysteppingonsidewalkcracks.Courageisthejuicysecretyoupromisednevertotell.Courageisbreakingbadhabits.Courageissuddenlyrememberingasillyjokeandtryingnottogigglewheneveryoneelseisbeingespeciallyserious.Courageisarrivingmuchtooearlyforabirthdayparty.Tobecontinued35Courageissendingavalentinetosomeoneyousecretlyadmireandsigningyourrealname.Courageisadmiring,butnotplucking.Courageisgoingtobedwithoutanightlight.Courageisdecidingtohaveyourhaircut.Courageistryingtocoverupyourmean,jealousside.Courageisexplainingtheripinyourbrand-newpants.Tobecontinued36Courageisgoingonagain.Courageisifyouknewwherethereweresomemountains,youwoulddefinitelyclimbthem.Courageisexploringheightsanddepths.Courageisabladeofgrassbreakingthroughtheicysnow.Courageisstartingover.Courageisholdingontoyourdream.Courageissometimeshavingtosaygoodbye.Courageiswhatwegivetoeachother.Tobecontinued37YourExcellencyStateCouncilorDaiBingguo,

YourExcellenciesDiplomaticEnvoys,RepresentativesofInternationalOrganizationsandYourSpouses,

DistinguishedGuests,

LadiesandGentlemen,

DearFriends,視譯語段三38TheNew