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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-寧夏大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題
Americanpsychologistsholdthatthereareseveralcomponentstohavinghigh“emotionalintelligence.”Firstisself-awareness,becauseyoucanonlybeincontrolofyourlifeandyourrelationshipsifyouknowyourself.Secondisbeingabletoproperlymanageyouremotions,soyoucancontrolyourfeelingsratherthanlettingthemcontrolyou.Thirdisbeingself-motivated,andbeingabletogetthroughtoughtimesandstartover.Thefourthisbeingreceptivetootherpeople’semotions,whichiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationandhealthyrelationships.Thefifthisbeingabletomanageyourelationships,whichincludesleadershipandprofessionalmanagementskills.
【答案】美國(guó)心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為,情商包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:一是認(rèn)識(shí)自己的情緒,只有認(rèn)識(shí)自己,才能成為自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情緒,即能調(diào)控自己。三是自我激勵(lì),它能夠使人走出生命中的低潮,重新出發(fā)。四是認(rèn)識(shí)他人的情緒,這是與他人正常交流順利溝通的基礎(chǔ)。五是人際關(guān)系的管理,即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理能力。
2.翻譯題
Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone.Thenewestcropofsinglesishighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneaslifestylechoices.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.
【答案】以前獨(dú)自生活的人都是一些處在婚姻生活之兩端的人們——20多歲的專業(yè)人員或寡居的老人。領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的人,特別是上了年紀(jì)的婦女,構(gòu)成了獨(dú)自生活人群的絕大多數(shù);而新一批單身族則是30到40歲高收入人士,他們?nèi)找嬲J(rèn)為獨(dú)自生活是一種生活方式的選擇。獨(dú)自生活被認(rèn)為是消極的——黑暗而且寒冷,而家庭生活則意味著溫暖與光明。
3.單選題
ForonebriefmomentinApril,LarryEllisoncamewithinafewdollarsofbeingtherichestmanintheworld.ThecomputertycoonwasholdingaglobalconferencecallonaWednesdaymorning,whenthevalueofhiscompanysurged.
ItwasthemomenthealmostovertookBillGates,founderofMicrosoft,asthewealthiestontheplanet.Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.Theself-proclaimed“badboy”ofSiliconValleyfoundhimselfworthmorethanUS$52billion,upfromamereUS$10billionthistimelastyear.ThenMicrosoft’sshareprice,whichhadplungedinrecentweeks,recoveredandthemomentpassed.
Once,Ellison,founderofthesoftwarecompanyOracle,wouldhavedancedaroundhisdeskcursinglikeapirateatfailingtobringdownGates,arivalhehadconstantlymadefunofinpublic.ButSiliconValleyinsiderssaidheremainedcalm,andmuttered:“Oneday,onedayvery,verysoon.”Heknewhismomentwasclose.UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms),aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.HealsoplanstoimportaRussianMig-29fighter(capableof1,500mph).Whydoeshewantone?Sothat,hejoked,hecanblastGateshomenearSeattle.Carsarecheapandcheerfulbycomparison.Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.InSanFranciscoheownsamagnificenthouseinPacificHeights,oneofWesternAmerica’smostexpensivestretchesofrealestate.Thehouseisatechnicalmarvel:Whenheinsertshiskey,theopaqueglassdoorturnstransparent,revealingaJapanesegardeninthemiddleofthehouse.Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.
WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.HewasborntoanunmarriedmotherandadoptedbyhisRussianuncleandaunt.Abrilliantbutunpredictableself-promoter,hedroppedoutofcollege,drovetoCaliforniainabatteredThunderbirdcarandendedupworkingwithcomputertechniciansatabank.“Healwayshadachampagnelifestyleonbeermoney,”hisfirstwifesaid.
HesetupOraclein1977asasuper-salesmanwith3programmers,creatingsoftwareforbusinesses.Italmostcollapsedwhenitpromisedmorethanitcoulddeliver,butsincethenitsfortuneshavesoared.Nowitemploys43,000peopleandhasdesigneddata-processingsystemsusedbyBritain’sMl5spyserviceaswellasbigwesterncompanies.Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.
Sincehiscompanygotbig,Ellisonhaspromisedshareholdersthathewillspendmoretimeintheoffice.Butcanheescapebeingthethrill-seekerheisatheart?Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.Itisdangeroussport,evenforguests.MediatycoonRupertMurdochoncenearlylostafingerwhenhegrabbedaropeduringaraceonboardthesayonara.Ellisonjokedatleasthecouldstillwrotechecks.
Regardlessofdistractions,EllisonwillnotgiveupinhisbattleagainstGates.Hehatestolose.Ellisondeclaresthatanysuchdominancebyoneman,likeMicrosoftincomputerindustry,isunhealthy.Hehasobviouslyforgottenhisownplanforaglobalempire,whichhewantedtocalltheUniversalTitanicOctopusCorporation.
1.Inthestockmarket,().
2.UnlikeBillGates,Ellison().
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTEllison’sbelongings?
4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEllison?
5.Oracle’sadvantageisthat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.EllisonisasrichasBillGates
B.EllisonhasUS$200,000lessthanBillGates
C.Ellisonisricherthanbill
D.OraclehasmoremoneythanMicrosoft
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.comesfromastrongfamily
B.hasapoorfather
C.doesnotspendmuchoncharity
D.wasborninCalifornia
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.AGulfstreamVjet.
B.AMarchettifighter.
C.APorscheBoxster.
D.ARussianMig-29fighter.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Ellisonlacksthecharacteristicsofcalmness.
B.EllisondislikeJapaneseculture.
C.Ellisoniskeenonyachting.
D.Ellison’sbusinesshasgonesmoothlysincethebeginning.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.itssharepriceisprettyhigh
B.ithasmoreemployeesthanMicrosoft
C.itsthebiggestwesterncompany
D.itssoftwareismoreinternet-friendlythanMicrosoft
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.(有那么幾秒鐘,當(dāng)交易員們認(rèn)為微軟股價(jià)下跌、甲骨文股價(jià)上漲時(shí),埃里森的股價(jià)只比蓋茨便宜20萬美元。)因此B選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨身價(jià)少20萬美元”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森和比爾?蓋茨一樣富有”不正確,文章討論的是他們的身價(jià),而不是誰更有錢。C選項(xiàng)“埃里森比比爾?蓋茨更富有”,不正確,文章沒有給出這個(gè)信息;D選項(xiàng)“甲骨文比微軟有更多的錢”,根據(jù)埃里森的身價(jià)沒有比爾蓋茨高可以推斷甲骨文(埃里森的公司)應(yīng)該是沒有微軟更有錢的。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.(與蓋茨不同的是,他不熱衷于慈善事業(yè),更喜歡按自己的方式花錢。)因此C選項(xiàng)“在慈善事業(yè)上花的錢不多”正確。A選項(xiàng)“來自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭”在后文WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.(雖然蓋茨來自一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的家庭,但埃里森仍然不知道他的父親是誰。)A選項(xiàng)不正確;B選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)貧窮的父親”,他甚至都不知道自己的父親是誰,不正確;D選項(xiàng)“出生在加利福尼亞”,后文說他自己駕車去了加利福尼亞,所以可以判斷他不是在這里出生的,錯(cuò)誤。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms).(他有自己的私人空軍,一個(gè)駐扎在雷德伍德城附近的圣何塞機(jī)場(chǎng)的軍事風(fēng)格的機(jī)組人員,幫助他駕駛灣流V型噴氣式飛機(jī)。)因此A選項(xiàng)是他的所有物;同樣在第三段aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.(一架從意大利進(jìn)口的馬爾切蒂戰(zhàn)斗機(jī),以及其他幾架飛機(jī),包括給他兒子的一名教練員。)因此B選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物;在第三段Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.(他有一輛相對(duì)普通的保時(shí)捷Boxster,兩輛經(jīng)過特別改裝的奔馳和一輛價(jià)值90萬美元的銀色邁凱輪。)因此C選項(xiàng)也是他的所有物;只有D選項(xiàng)是原文沒有提到的,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.(隨著夏天的臨近,他可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難抗拒他的游艇——世界上最長(zhǎng)的游艇之一“Sakura”和他瘋狂的“Sayonara”(日語“再見”)的誘惑。)可以推斷出Ellison本人是熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)的,因此C選項(xiàng)“埃里森熱衷于游艇運(yùn)動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“埃里森缺乏冷靜的特質(zhì)”,文章并沒有給出明確表示;B選項(xiàng)“埃里森不喜歡日本文化”,在第三段的最后一句話Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.(出于對(duì)日本文化最了解的原因,埃里森癡迷于日本文化。),因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)“埃里森的業(yè)務(wù)從一開始就進(jìn)展順利”,一開始的時(shí)候他的公司幾近崩潰,是后來挺過來了才蒸蒸日上,因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段的最后一句話Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.(甲骨文的軟件在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上比蓋茨的Windows系統(tǒng)更友好,這是該公司最近股價(jià)上漲的一個(gè)原因。)由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“它的軟件比微軟在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上更友好”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它的股價(jià)相當(dāng)高”原文沒有提到;B選項(xiàng)“他比微軟有更多的員工”,文章沒有說這個(gè)是優(yōu)勢(shì);C選項(xiàng)“它是最大的西方公司”,這個(gè)是文章沒有說到的。
4.單選題
Manysocialproblemsarecausedbytheuneven()ofwealth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.distribution
B.peace
C.justice
D.section
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distribution“分配,分布”;B選項(xiàng)peace“和平”;C選項(xiàng)justice“公平,公正”;D選項(xiàng)section“部分,部門”。句意:許多社會(huì)問題是由財(cái)富()不均引起的。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“財(cái)富的分配不均導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)問題”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.單選題
Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.
Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.
Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.
Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.
Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.
Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful(一廂情愿的)longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.
Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”
1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans().
2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby().
3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?
4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence().
5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards
B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays
C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings
D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.itsgrowingwealth
B.theself-centerednessofindividuals
C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges
D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Greatmobility
B.Emphasisonindividualeffort
C.Concernforone’sneighbors
D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.assomethingunheardof
B.attractedalotofpublicattention
C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence
D.begantoappearinanalysts’data
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”
B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights
C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice
D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans(道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長(zhǎng)期以來一直困擾著社會(huì)分析人士——終于引起了普通美國(guó)人的注意。)后文說JeanBethkeElshtain對(duì)于這個(gè)很開心,由此可知D選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒有提到,因此排除。
2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.(美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。)從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義這兩點(diǎn)是美國(guó)社會(huì)最大的障礙,也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的自我中心”正確。而對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的崇尚,和財(cái)富本身的增長(zhǎng)沒有直接聯(lián)系,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated(挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估),這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism,但是選項(xiàng)把challenge換成了change,因此屬于偷換概念,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段,根據(jù)篇章分析對(duì)這一段的說明,這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過去那個(gè)道德水平較高時(shí)代的現(xiàn)象,因此絕不會(huì)是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降,因此D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。
3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.(她說,這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體,在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中,鄰居們互相照顧。)由此可見,對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.(隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng),以及如此多的夫妻都在工作,這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱,取而代之的是對(duì)自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。)這里提到了高流動(dòng)性,高流動(dòng)性實(shí)際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化,鄰居之間相處時(shí)間不會(huì)很長(zhǎng),也就無法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系,當(dāng)然也不會(huì)互相關(guān)心互相照料??梢哉fA是造成B和D的原因之一(另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班,也就很少有機(jī)會(huì)和鄰居交往),而B和D都是現(xiàn)今社會(huì)的特點(diǎn),不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn),因此A、B、D不對(duì)。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers(數(shù)據(jù)顯示,美國(guó)人正艱難應(yīng)對(duì)問題聞所未聞的1950年代,如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。)開頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,美國(guó)人正在同許多問題做斗爭(zhēng),這些問題在五十年代聞所未聞(unheardof),suchas表示例舉,說明classroomviolence是problems的一個(gè)例子,由此可得A選項(xiàng)“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說法與A正好相反,bynomeans,絕非;rare,極少,雙重否定等于肯定,也就是說班級(jí)暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生,是錯(cuò)誤的;B的說法與A相互矛盾,既然聞所未聞,也就不可能投入關(guān)注;D有一定迷惑性,按照句意,班級(jí)暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中,因?yàn)榫漕^就有datashow。但要注意,題目的開頭有一句Inthe1950s,也就是說班級(jí)暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級(jí)暴力在那時(shí)尚且聞所未聞,當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。
5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段,Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety(除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)上物質(zhì)主義的方法,否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。)因此D選項(xiàng)“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒有提到的,B選項(xiàng)不是它的條件。
6.單選題
Peopleinnately()forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.strive
B.ascertain
C.justify
D.adhere
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。A選項(xiàng)“為……奮斗,爭(zhēng)取……”;B選項(xiàng)“確定,探知”;C選項(xiàng)“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籇選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持……”,句意為:人們天生()比同齡人優(yōu)越,盡管有時(shí)表現(xiàn)為夸張的權(quán)力欲。本句表示“人們天生就想爭(zhēng)取比同齡人優(yōu)越”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.單選題
Theoctopus(章魚)’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfishhavereasontobefrightenedofthismulti-armedpredator,butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus.Evenagiantamongoctopusesismuchsmallerthanmostpeopleimagine.Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulf(吞下)asubmarine,asmonsteroctopusesinmovieshavebeenknowntodo,thelargestoctopuses,foundonthePacificcoast,weigharound110poundsandgrowtoadiameterofnomorethantenfeet.
Thehard,parrot-likebeak(嘴)ofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.Itfeedsinsteadbypouringdigestivejuicesintoitsvictims,andthensuckingupthesoupyremains.Aclamorscallop(扇貝)thatfindsitselfinthegraspofanoctopushasonlyashorttimetolive.Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.
1.Thispassageismainlyabout().
2.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat().
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
4.Thehardbeakoftheoctopusisusedfor().
5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thehorrorsoftheoctopus
B.thelargestoctopusintheworld
C.octopusandtheirbehavior
D.theoctopus’sdeadlyhuntingmethod
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.peoplehavegroundlessfearsabouttheoctopus
B.theoctopusisnotinterestedinhumanbeingsbecausetheyaretoolargeforit
C.theoctopusisafraidofhumanbeings
D.theoctopusisaveryviciousseaanimal
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theoctopususuallyusesitseighttentaclestotearitspreyintopiecesbeforeeatingitup.
B.Theoctopusalwayscatchessickandcarelessfish.
C.Theoctopusneverattackspeople.
D.Theoctopuscanengulfsubmarines.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.attackingdeep-seadivers
B.cuttinguplargepiecesofmeat
C.cuttingopenitsprey
D.defendingitself
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theoctopusisnotdangeroustoman,asmanypeoplebelieveittobe
B.peopleoftenfearcreaturesthatarenotdangeroustothem
C.theoctopusonlyhuntsitsnaturalprey
D.thingsdescribedinmoviesarenottobebelieved
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。C選項(xiàng)是貫穿全文的,文章介紹了章魚和它們的習(xí)性,也解釋了人們對(duì)章魚作為人類殺手的誤解。消除人們對(duì)章魚的害怕。從全篇文章的第一段的句子Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.(章魚確實(shí)是致命的獵手,但只是針對(duì)它的自然獵物。)可知文章介紹了章魚和它們的習(xí)性,因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚和它們的行為”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)在第一段第一句Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.(章魚作為人類殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞——這完全是一個(gè)神話。)根據(jù)這個(gè)我們可以知道,章魚并不可怕,因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)在第一段的第三句butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚都不會(huì)感興趣。)這里只是為了證明章魚并不會(huì)襲擊人類,而不是本文的主旨,因此排除;D選項(xiàng)在第一段有提到,但是這也只是一部分內(nèi)容,并不是全文主旨。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段的句子Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(盡管如此,人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物,好好看一看它們。)可以推斷出人們對(duì)于章魚有著莫名的恐懼,因此A選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)章魚的恐懼是沒有根據(jù)的”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)在第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚都不會(huì)感興趣),這是文章直接說的,并不是隱晦表達(dá)出的,因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)是全文都沒提及的,排除;D選項(xiàng)原文并沒有相關(guān)表述,只是在第二段講了章魚的捕食方式,而它們是否惡毒我們不得而知。
3.推理判斷題。定位到第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,連最大的章魚都不會(huì)感興趣。)通過這一句話我們知道,章魚并不會(huì)襲擊人類,因?yàn)槿祟悓?duì)于它們來說太大了,因此C選項(xiàng)“章魚從不攻擊人”正確。A選項(xiàng)關(guān)于章魚的捕獵方式在第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.(章魚堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來攻擊深海潛水員的,而是用來割開螃蟹和龍蝦的。事實(shí)上,章魚的喉嚨非常小,它不能吞下大塊的肉。)可以看出章魚并沒有把獵物撕扯開,因此A錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)在第一段Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfish(蛤蜊、貽貝、螃蟹、龍蝦,還有偶爾生病或不小心的魚),它們只是偶爾捕食生病或不小心的魚類,而不是經(jīng)常,因此B錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)在第一段Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulfasubmarine(遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有大到足以吞沒一艘潛艇。)因此章魚并不能吞下一艘潛艇,D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters(章魚堅(jiān)硬的鸚鵡喙不是用來攻擊深海潛水員的,而是用來割開螃蟹和龍蝦的),而螃蟹和龍蝦就是它的食物,因此C選項(xiàng)“剖開獵物”正確,而A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B和D均未提及,排除。
5.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段最后一句話Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(但人類是絕對(duì)安全的。盡管如此,人們還是很少愿意冒險(xiǎn)接近這些膽小的生物,好好看一看它們。)可知對(duì)人來說,章魚是沒有威脅的;第一段說Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration(章魚作為人類殺手的名聲并不僅僅是夸大其詞),也就是人們認(rèn)為它們很危險(xiǎn),但是實(shí)際上不是,因此A選項(xiàng)“章魚對(duì)人類并不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣危險(xiǎn)”正確。B、C和D原文都沒有進(jìn)行描述,因此排除。
8.單選題
Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.givenup
B.stoodup
C.leftup
D.takenup
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)givenup“放棄”;B選項(xiàng)stoodup“站起來,堅(jiān)持”;C選項(xiàng)leftup“離開,丟下”;D選項(xiàng)takenup“拿起,開始從事,占據(jù)(時(shí)間,地方)”。句意:那天晚上我本來要和你妹妹一起去聽音樂會(huì)的,但是你妹妹沒來。真不敢相信我被_____。這里因?yàn)榱硪粋€(gè)人的妹妹沒有來,所以說話的人應(yīng)該是覺得自己“被丟下/拋棄了”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
9.單選題
Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent()oftheworld.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.impressions
B.complications
C.foundations
D.conceptions
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impressions“印象,觀感”;B選項(xiàng)complications“并發(fā)癥”;C選項(xiàng)foundations“基礎(chǔ),房建”;D選項(xiàng)conceptions“懷孕,概念,設(shè)想”。句意:來自不同文化的人對(duì)世界有不同的()。這句話表達(dá)的意思是“不同的人對(duì)世界有不同的看法”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
10.單選題
Thecarpetlooksbeautifulbutcannot()thewearandtearofcontinualuse.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.standupfor
B.standupto
C.standwellwith
D.standupwith
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)standupfor“支持,堅(jiān)持”;B選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起,抵抗,勇敢地面對(duì)”;C選項(xiàng)standwellwith“得……寵信;得某人好感,好評(píng)”;D選項(xiàng)standupwith“給……當(dāng)儐相,陪伴”。句意:地毯看起來很漂亮,但()不斷使用的磨損。這個(gè)句子要表達(dá)的意思是“但是經(jīng)不起不斷使用的磨損”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
11.單選題
Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dwarfed
B.incorporated
C.correlated
D.blurred
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dwarfed“矮小的”;B選項(xiàng)incorporated“合并的”;C選項(xiàng)correlated“有互相關(guān)系的”;D選項(xiàng)blurred“模糊的,記不清的”。句意:在當(dāng)今的工作世界中,男性和女性的角色正變得越來越()。按照選項(xiàng)和題干的意思,可以判斷出此處想要表達(dá)的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的(邊界)變得越來越模糊。”因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.單選題
Itwasclearthatthestorm()hisarrivalbytwohours.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.retarded
B.retired
C.refrained
D.retreated
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retarded“延遲,阻止,妨礙”;B選項(xiàng)retired“退休,撤退,退卻”;C選項(xiàng)refrained“節(jié)制,克制”;D選項(xiàng)retreated“撤退,退避”。句意:很明顯,暴風(fēng)雨使他()了兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)。本句表示的是“暴風(fēng)雨使他晚到了兩小時(shí)”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
13.單選題
Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.depict
B.advocate
C.criticize
D.analyze
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“描述,描寫”;B選項(xiàng)“呼吁,提倡”;C選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)”;D選項(xiàng)“分析”;題干中portray“描述,描畫”,句意:他聲稱,如今的廣告傾向于塑造女性扮演傳統(tǒng)角色,比如做飯或照顧孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.單選題
Theywereinadreadful()whentheirmoney,ticketsandpassportswerestolenwhiletheywereonholiday.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.conspiracy
B.plight
C.serenity
D.custody
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conspiracy“陰謀,共謀,陰謀集團(tuán)”;B選項(xiàng)plight“困境,境況,誓約”;C選項(xiàng)serenity“平靜,寧靜”;D選項(xiàng)custody“保管,監(jiān)護(hù)”。句意:他們度假時(shí)錢、機(jī)票和護(hù)照被盜,陷入了可怕的_____。根據(jù)邏輯可知,在度假時(shí)丟失了財(cái)務(wù),肯定是陷入了困境,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
15.單選題
VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthatnewspaperstherehavesuchalargecirculation.The“DailyMirror”andthe“DailyExpress”bothsellaboutfourmillioncopieseveryday.BritishfamiliesgenerallybuyanewspapereverymorningandfrequentlytaketwoorthreeonSundays.
Apartfromthenationalpapers,thereis,however,anotherbranchoftheBritishpresswhichsellsalmostasmanycopies.Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.Almosteverytownandcountryareahasone.Nearlyallofthemholdtheirownfinanciallyandmanyofthemareveryprofitable.
Thesepapersarewrittenalmostentirelyforreadersinterestedinlocalevents—births,weddings,deaths,councilmeetingsandsports—butthecontentisnaturallyinfluencedbythekindofcommunitytheyserve.Editorsprefertorelyonasmallstaffofpeoplewhoallknowthedistrictwell.Agreatdealoflocalnewsisregularlysuppliedbyclubsandchurchesintheneighborhoodanditdoesnotgetoutofdateasquicklyasnationalnews.Ifthereisnoroomforitinthisweek’sedition,anitemcansometimesbeheldoveruntilthefollowingweek.
Theeditormustneverforgetthatthesuccessofanynewspaperdependsonadvertising.Heisusuallyanxioustokeepthegoodwilloflocalbusinessmenforthisreason.Butifthenewspaperiswellwrittenandthenewsitemshavebeencarefullychosentoattractlocalreaders,thebusinessmenaregratefulfortheopportunitytokeeptheirproductsinthepubliceye.
Localnewspapersdonotoftencommentonproblemsofnationalimportanceandeditorsrarelyholdwithtakingsidesonpoliticalquestions.Buttheycanoftenbeofservicetothecommunityinexpressingpublicfeelingonlocalissues.Anewspapercansometimespersuadethecounciltotakeactiontoprovidebettershoppingfacilities,improvetransportintheareaandpreservelocalmonumentsandplacesofinterest.
Thesepapersoftensoundratherdullanditseemssurprisingthattheyallmakeprofit.Butformanypeopleinsmalltownsandvillagesthedeathofsomeoneknowntothemortheinstallationoftrafficlightsatabusystreetcornernearbycansometimesbemoreimportantthanadisasterinaforeigncountry.
1.Localnewspapershave()
2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
3.Inthewriter’sopinion,theeditormustrememberthatnopapercanpossiblysucceedwithout().
4.Alocalnewspapercanservethecommunityby().
5.Whyisitthatlocalpapersallmakeaprofit?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.acirculationaslargeasthatofnationalnewspapers.
B.adailycirculationof13million.
C.aslightlysmallercirculationthannationalnewspapers.
D.anevenlargercirculation.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Everytownandcountryareahasatleastonepaperofitsown.
B.Nearlyalltownandcountryareashavetheirownpapers.
C.Thereisanewspaper,nationalorlocal,ineachtownandcountryarea.
D.Alotofremotetownandcountryareasdonothavetheirownpapers.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.advertisements
B.interestingreports
C.agreatdealofnationalnews
D.anexcellentsalesmanager
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.expressingpublicfeelingonlocalissues
B.preservinglocalmonumentsandplacesofinterest
C.voicingitsviewonpoliticalquestions
D.providingmoreimportantnationalnews
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theyareaswellorganizedasthenationalpapers.
B.Theyarestaffedwithpeoplewhoknowtheirdistrictswell.
C.Theyhavehadsufficientsupportfromtheirclients.
D.Theirmainemphasisonlocaleventsmeetstheneedsofthecommunitytheyserve.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Apartfromthenationalpapers,thereis,however,anotherbranchoftheBritishpresswhichsellsalmostasmanycopies.Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.(然而,除了全國(guó)性的報(bào)紙外,英國(guó)報(bào)業(yè)的另一個(gè)分支幾乎賣了同樣多的份。地方報(bào)紙每周的發(fā)行量為1300萬份。)可以得知C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)行量比全國(guó)性報(bào)紙略小”正確。A選項(xiàng)“發(fā)行量與全國(guó)性報(bào)紙一樣大”與原文不符;B選項(xiàng)“每日發(fā)行量為1300萬份”,定位到第二段Localnewspapershaveaweeklycirculationof13million.(地方報(bào)紙每周的發(fā)行量為1300萬份。)是周發(fā)行量,而不是日發(fā)行量;D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)行量更大”與原文不符。
2.判斷推理題。B選項(xiàng)“幾乎所有的城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)都有自己的報(bào)紙”,定位到第二段Almosteverytownandcountryareahasone.(幾乎每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)都有一個(gè)。)因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)都至少有一份自己的報(bào)紙”與原文不符,并沒有說至少要有一份;C選項(xiàng)“在每個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)都有一份全國(guó)性或地方性的報(bào)紙”,這個(gè)也與原文有出入;D選項(xiàng)“許多偏遠(yuǎn)的城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)沒有自己的報(bào)紙。”錯(cuò)誤。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段Theeditormustneverforgetthatthesuccessofanynewspaperdependsonadvertising.(編輯絕不能忘記任何報(bào)紙的成功都依賴于廣告。)因此A選項(xiàng)“廣告”正確。B選項(xiàng)“有趣的報(bào)道”;C選項(xiàng)“大量的國(guó)家新聞”;D選項(xiàng)“一位出色的銷售經(jīng)理”都與原文不符。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Thesepapersarewrittenalmostentirelyforreadersinterestedinlocalevents—births,weddings,deaths,councilmeetingsandsports—butthecontentisnaturallyinfluencedbythekindofcommunitytheyserve.(這些報(bào)紙幾乎完全是為那些對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厥录ǔ錾?、婚禮、死亡、議會(huì)會(huì)議和體育)感興趣的讀者而寫的,但其內(nèi)容自然受到它們所服務(wù)的社區(qū)類型的影響。)因此A選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)公眾對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貑栴}的看法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“保存當(dāng)?shù)氐墓袍E和名勝古跡”;C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)政治問題發(fā)表意見”;D選項(xiàng)“提供更重要的國(guó)家新聞”都不是它服務(wù)社區(qū)的做法,只是片面的信息。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段和倒數(shù)第一段Localnewspapersdonotoftencommentonproblemsofnational...ofinterest.(地方報(bào)紙通常不評(píng)論具有全國(guó)重要性的問題,編輯也很少在政治問題上偏袒任何一方。但是,在表達(dá)公眾對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貑栴}的看法方面,它們往往可以對(duì)社區(qū)有所幫助。報(bào)紙有時(shí)可以說服議會(huì)采取行動(dòng),提供更好的購物設(shè)施,改善該地區(qū)的交通,并保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐墓袍E和名勝古跡。)以及Thesepapersoftensoundratherdullandit...foreigncountry.(這些報(bào)紙常常聽起來很枯燥,令人驚訝的是它們都在盈利。但對(duì)小城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村的許多人來說,認(rèn)識(shí)的人的死亡或在附近繁忙的街角安裝交通燈,有時(shí)比外國(guó)發(fā)生的災(zāi)難更重要。)從這兩段可以看出,雖然這些報(bào)紙聽起來有些枯燥,但是它是對(duì)小鎮(zhèn)人民最有吸引力的,因此D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼗顒?dòng)的主要重視滿足了他們所服務(wù)的社區(qū)的需要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們和全國(guó)性的報(bào)紙一樣組織嚴(yán)密”原文沒有提及;B選項(xiàng)“它們的工作人員都很了解自己的地區(qū)”是無關(guān)項(xiàng);C選項(xiàng)“他們有足夠的客戶支持”,這個(gè)沒有說出本質(zhì)原因,而是表面現(xiàn)象。
16.翻譯題
1924年,第一屆冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕,比賽內(nèi)容涵蓋了多項(xiàng)適合冬季的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。最初的奧運(yùn)會(huì)所指的是我們所說的夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。1968年,專門為殘疾人舉辦的第一屆特奧會(huì)在美國(guó)開幕。特奧會(huì)與奧運(yùn)會(huì)的概念相似,不同的是,在1993年以前,它一直都是在美國(guó)舉辦的。
【答案】ThefirstWinterOlympicGamesisheldin1924,thecontentofwhichincludesvariouskindsofwintersports.TheinitialO1ympicGamesrefertoSummerOlympicGames.In1968,thefirstOlympicsGamesforthedisabled,namedSpecialOlympicsGameswasheldinAmerica,whichhasasimilarconceptwithOlympicGames.However,whatmakestheSpecialOlympicsGamesdifferenti
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