機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

英文原文名AutomaticproductionlinePLCcontrolofautomaticfeedingstation中文譯名基于PLC的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線自動(dòng)上料站的控制

中文譯文：自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線自動(dòng)上料站的PLC控制自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線是由工件傳送系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)，將一組自動(dòng)機(jī)床和輔助設(shè)備按照工藝順序聯(lián)結(jié)起來，自動(dòng)完成產(chǎn)品全部或部分制造過程的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，簡稱自動(dòng)線。二十世紀(jì)20年代，隨著汽車、滾動(dòng)軸承、小電機(jī)和縫紉機(jī)和其他工業(yè)發(fā)展,機(jī)械制造業(yè)開始出現(xiàn)在自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線,第一個(gè)是組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線。在20世紀(jì)20年代,第一次出現(xiàn)在汽車工業(yè)流水生產(chǎn)線和半自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線,然后發(fā)展成自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,在機(jī)械制造工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家,自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的數(shù)量急劇增加。采用自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該足夠大,產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)應(yīng)該是先進(jìn)的、穩(wěn)定的和可靠的,基本上保持了很長一段時(shí)間維持不變。自動(dòng)線用于大,大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可以提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,穩(wěn)定和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,改善勞動(dòng)條件,降低生產(chǎn)區(qū)域,降低生產(chǎn)成本,縮短生產(chǎn)周期,保證生產(chǎn)平衡、顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的一個(gè)干預(yù)指定的程序或命令自動(dòng)操作或控制的過程,我們的目標(biāo)是穩(wěn)定、準(zhǔn)確、快速。自動(dòng)化技術(shù)廣泛用于工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、軍事、科學(xué)研究、交通運(yùn)輸、商業(yè)、醫(yī)療、服務(wù)和家庭,等自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線不僅可以使人們從繁重的體力勞動(dòng)、部分腦力勞動(dòng)以及惡劣、危險(xiǎn)的工作環(huán)境,能擴(kuò)大人的器官功能,極大地提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,提高人們認(rèn)識世界的能力,可以改變世界。下面我說下它的應(yīng)用范圍：機(jī)械制造業(yè)中有鑄造、鍛造、沖壓、熱處理、焊接、切削加工和機(jī)械裝配等自動(dòng)線，也有包括不同性質(zhì)的工序，如毛坯制造、加工、裝配、檢驗(yàn)和包裝等的綜合自動(dòng)線。加工自動(dòng)線發(fā)展最快,應(yīng)用最廣泛的機(jī)械制造。主要包括:用于處理盒、外殼、各種各樣的部件,如組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線;用于加工軸、盤部分,由通用、專業(yè)化、或自動(dòng)機(jī)器自動(dòng)專線;轉(zhuǎn)子加工自動(dòng)線;轉(zhuǎn)子自動(dòng)線加工過程簡單、小零件等。1.確保節(jié)拍時(shí)間:無論什么樣的產(chǎn)品,都必須完成的時(shí)間生產(chǎn)。2.單元過程:只有一個(gè)產(chǎn)品,單位部分處理、組裝、加工和材料。3.先導(dǎo)器：理解為視覺設(shè)備節(jié)拍時(shí)間。4.U型生產(chǎn)線:校準(zhǔn)設(shè)備按照項(xiàng)目訂單逆時(shí)針方向,和一個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)出口和入口。5.AB控制:只有當(dāng)沒有產(chǎn)品工程,工程的產(chǎn)品,使項(xiàng)目。6.燈光:傳達(dá)我們的產(chǎn)品線過程變化的裝置。7.后工程領(lǐng)取:在產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)線,以滿足項(xiàng)目需求。設(shè)備聯(lián)接：自動(dòng)線中設(shè)備的聯(lián)結(jié)方式有剛性聯(lián)接和柔性聯(lián)接兩種。在剛性聯(lián)接自動(dòng)線中，沒有裝載裝置,工件加工和傳播過程有嚴(yán)格的節(jié)奏。當(dāng)暫停設(shè)備故障,將導(dǎo)致政府關(guān)門。因此,剛性連接自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的工作需要高可靠性的各種設(shè)備。在自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線柔性連接,每個(gè)工序(或部分)之間的加載裝置,比不必嚴(yán)格在每個(gè)過程是一致的,短暫的停頓,一個(gè)設(shè)備可以由存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備在一定時(shí)間來調(diào)整平衡,從而不會(huì)影響其他設(shè)備的正常工作。集成自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線、裝配、自動(dòng)線路和時(shí)間組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線通常采用柔性連接。組成部分：自動(dòng)線路傳輸系統(tǒng)一般包括機(jī)床和工件裝載裝置,傳動(dòng)裝置和加載裝置。在轉(zhuǎn)子加工自動(dòng)線,傳動(dòng)裝置,包括重力式輸送機(jī)或迫使槽或進(jìn)料輸送機(jī),推廣、傳輸和配電裝置等。有時(shí),機(jī)械手完成轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)裝置的功能。在組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線工件有合適的輸送機(jī)基礎(chǔ),采用直接傳輸方式,傳輸設(shè)備有各種步進(jìn)式輸送機(jī)、傳輸裝置和翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置形狀不規(guī)則,沒有適當(dāng)?shù)膫鬏數(shù)幕A(chǔ)表面的工件,通常在托盤的位置和運(yùn)輸,這種情況將增加托盤返回設(shè)備。自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線控制系統(tǒng)主要是用于確保機(jī)床的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng),工件,依照有關(guān)規(guī)定和輔助設(shè)備的正常工作的工作周期和聯(lián)鎖要求,檢驗(yàn)設(shè)備和信號設(shè)備和麻煩。適應(yīng)的要求自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的調(diào)試和正常運(yùn)行,控制系統(tǒng)有三種工作狀態(tài):,半自動(dòng)和自動(dòng)調(diào)整。的調(diào)整可以手動(dòng)操作和調(diào)整,實(shí)現(xiàn)單機(jī)每個(gè)行動(dòng);在半自動(dòng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)單機(jī)單工作;在自動(dòng)傳輸機(jī)可以連續(xù)工作?？刂葡到y(tǒng)有其“停止”控制功能、停車、傳送機(jī)在正常工作條件下需要完成一個(gè)工作循環(huán),每個(gè)機(jī)床的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件上停車后回到原來的位置。自動(dòng)設(shè)置的其他輔助設(shè)備按照流程和自動(dòng)化程度的要求,比如洗衣機(jī)工件自動(dòng)檢測裝置,自動(dòng)工具改變裝置,自動(dòng)芯片系統(tǒng)和冷卻系統(tǒng),等。為了提高生產(chǎn)力,自動(dòng)行必須確保自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的工作可靠性。主要影響因素自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的可靠性工作是加工質(zhì)量和設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的可靠性。自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線的發(fā)展方向主要是提高生產(chǎn)率和增加通用性和靈活性。為了適應(yīng)多種生產(chǎn)的需要,調(diào)整開發(fā)可以快速可調(diào)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線。這生產(chǎn)線是一套基于PLC控制的教學(xué)系統(tǒng),也是一套模塊化的生產(chǎn)實(shí)訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)。它集電氣控制、PLC應(yīng)用、傳感器和氣動(dòng)等多種技術(shù)于一體,由自動(dòng)上料、傳輸檢測、真空分揀、顏色分揀、位置調(diào)整、配件供給和裝配下料等七個(gè)工作站組成。自動(dòng)上料站的功能是為其它工作站提供工件。工件由氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手抓取,經(jīng)平移,升降,擺動(dòng)等動(dòng)作,放到輸送帶上,然后回歸原位。1.系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)上料模塊是整個(gè)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線系統(tǒng)的起始單元,主要由工件裝料管和推出裝置,支架,閥組,終端組件、PLC、按鈕、槽底板,等。主要功能是被放置在一個(gè)掩體工件自動(dòng)推到材料板,以便運(yùn)輸單元的機(jī)械手抓取和輸送。有手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)兩種操作方式。操作前應(yīng)確保進(jìn)料板材料。1.1動(dòng)作過程上料單元主體是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的料盤,料盤上設(shè)置兩個(gè)管形料倉。在料盤口對應(yīng)上料的位置安裝了漫反射光電開關(guān),功能是檢測材料裝在盤子里。當(dāng)工件將達(dá)到位置,光電開關(guān)檢測工件的存在,然后系統(tǒng)提供本單位圓盤材料工件的信號。在輸送單元控制程序中,您可以使用信號狀態(tài)的構(gòu)件驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)械手裝置,去旅游。本在重力的作用下工件自動(dòng)向下移動(dòng)工件,準(zhǔn)備下一個(gè)抓取工件。如果當(dāng)前盤沒有工件,材料板將在程序控制下的預(yù)期位置繼續(xù)測試。直到兩個(gè)菜沒有工件,材料板停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。1.2氣動(dòng)回路設(shè)計(jì)氣動(dòng)控制回路是本工作單元的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),由氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手和上料轉(zhuǎn)盤組成,完成上料和取料。機(jī)械手在結(jié)構(gòu)上由兩個(gè)直線氣缸、一個(gè)擺動(dòng)氣缸和氣爪組成。歸位狀態(tài)為:氣爪閉,平移缸退,升降缸落,擺缸0°。一個(gè)工作循環(huán):氣爪閉→氣爪開→升降缸升→平移缸進(jìn)→氣爪閉→平移缸退→擺缸180°→平移缸進(jìn)→升降缸落→氣爪開→平移缸退→升降缸升→擺缸0°。機(jī)械手可以完成翻譯,舉重和擺動(dòng)臂爪抓取動(dòng)作,由磁性接近開關(guān)安裝在每個(gè)氣缸的缸測試極限位置,然后由PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)位置控制。五兩位五通雙電動(dòng)電磁閥安裝在收集器板,控制機(jī)械臂的平移、起重和擺動(dòng)控制和上料盤的旋轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)作。1.3PLC控制在上料單元中,檢測磁開關(guān)、位置缸材料盤沒有光電開關(guān)的工件,傳輸擁塞檢測傳感器和控制按鈕,PLC,總共14個(gè)輸入終端接收信號。電磁閥來控制運(yùn)動(dòng)的輸出,故障信號和信號,共13個(gè)輸出終端。可以選擇西門子s7-300的主要單位和從站之間的信息交換。2.系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)PLC梯形圖程序的設(shè)計(jì)方法有經(jīng)驗(yàn)法和順序控制法兩種。順序控制設(shè)計(jì)法的基本思想是將系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)工作周期劃分為若干個(gè)順序相連的步,用編程元件(例如存儲(chǔ)器位M)來代表,在任何一步內(nèi)各輸出量的狀態(tài)不變。使系統(tǒng)由當(dāng)前步進(jìn)入下一步的信號稱為轉(zhuǎn)換條件,它可以是外部的輸入信號,如按鈕、限位開關(guān)的通斷等。也可以是PLC內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的信號,如定時(shí)器和計(jì)數(shù)器的觸點(diǎn)信號。使用順序控制設(shè)計(jì)方法時(shí),首先根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的工藝流程,所示的順序功能圖,再根據(jù)順序功能圖畫出梯形圖來完成程序設(shè)計(jì)。TheoriginaltextAutomaticproductionlinePLCcontrolofautomaticfeedingstationAutomaticproductionlineiscomposedoftheworkpiecetransmissionsystemandcontrolsystem,asetofautomaticmachineandauxiliaryequipmentinaccordancewiththeprocesssequence,completionofallorpartofthemanufacturingprocessproductionsystem,automaticlineforshort.The20thcentury20s,ascar,rollingbearings,smallmotorandsewingmachinesandotherindustrialdevelopment,machinerymanufacturingindustrybegantoappearinautomaticproductionline,thefirstisthemodularmachinetoolautomaticline.Inthe1920s,firstappearedintheautomotiveindustryrunningwaterproductionlineandsemi-automaticproductionlines,andthendevelopedintotheautomaticproductionline.Afterthesecondworldwar,inthemachinerymanufacturingindustryindevelopedcountries,thenumberofautomaticproductionlinehasincreaseddramatically.Adopttheproductsoftheautomaticproductionlineshouldbelargeenough,theproductdesignandtechnologyshouldbeadvanced,stableandreliable,remainedlargelyunchangedforalongtime.Automaticlineforlarge,massproductioncanimprovelaborproductivity,stabilityandimproveproductquality,improvelaborcondition,reducetheproductionarea,reducetheproductioncost,shortenproductioncycle,guaranteetheproductionofbalance,significanteconomicbenefits.Automaticproductionlineofaninterventioninaspecifiedprogramorcommandautomaticoperationorcontrolofprocess,ourgoalistobestable,accurateandfast.Automationtechnologyiswidelyusedinindustry,agriculture,military,scientificresearch,transportation,business,health,services,andfamily,suchasautomaticproductionlinecannotonlymakepeoplefromheavymanuallabor,partsofmentalLabourandbad,dangerousworkingconditions,canexpandhumanorganfunction,greatlyimprovethelaborproductivity,improvetheabilityofpeopletoknowtheworld,canchangetheworld.BelowIsayunderitsscopeofapplication:Inmechanicalmanufacturingcasting,forging,stamping,heattreatment,welding,machiningandmechanicalassembly,automaticline,alsotohavetheprocessincludingdifferentproperties,suchasblankmanufacturing,machining,assembly,testingandpackagingofintegratedautomaticline.Processingandautomaticlinefastestgrowing,mostwidelyusedmachinerymanufacturing.Mainlyincludes:usedforprocessingbox,shell,allkindsofparts,suchasthecombinationmachinetoolsautomaticline;Usedformachiningshaft,platepart,bygm,specialization,orautomaticmachineautomaticline;Rotorprocessingautomaticline;Rotorautomaticline,suchassimpleprocess,smallparts.1.Ensurethetakttime:nomatterwhatkindofproducts,arerequiredtocompletethetimeofproduction.2.Unitprocess:onlyaproduct,theunitpartsprocessing,assembly,processingandmaterials.3.Theguide:understandthetakttimeforvisualdevices.4.U-shapedline:calibrationequipmentinaccordancewiththeprojectordercounterclockwise,andapersoninchargeofexportandentry.5.ABcontrol:onlywhenthereisnoproductengineering,productengineering,maketheproject.6.Lighting:conveyourproductprocesschangedevice.7.Aftertheengineeringdrawing:intheproductline,inordertomeetprojectrequirements.Equipmentconnection:Automaticlineoftheconnectiondevicehastwokindsofrigidconnectionandflexibleconnection.Inrigidconnectionautomaticline,thereisnoloadingdevice,processingandtransmissionprocesshasstrictrhythm.Whenthesuspensionofequipmentfailure,willleadtoshutdownthegovernment.Therefore,rigidconnectionofautomaticproductionlineworkneedhighreliabilityofvariousequipment.Intheautomaticproductionlineofflexibleconnections,eachworkingprocedure(orparts)betweentheloadingdevice,thandon'thavetobestrictineachprocessisconsistent,abriefpause,adevicecanbemadebyastoragedeviceinacertaintimetoadjustthebalance,thuswillnotaffectthenormalworkoftheotherdevices.Integratedautomaticproductionline,assembly,automaticlineandtimecombinationmachinetoolsautomaticlineusuallyadoptflexibleconnection.Components:Automaticlinetransmissionsystemgenerallyincludesmachinetoolsandtheworkpieceloadingdevice,transmissiondeviceandloaddevice.Inrotormachiningautomaticline,transmissiondevice,includinggravityconveyororforceorfeedconveyortrough,thepromotion,transmissionanddistributionequipment,etc.Sometimes,thefunctionofthemanipulatortocompletethetransferdevice.Incombinationmachinetoolsautomaticlineartifactshavesuitableconveyorfoundation,USESthedirecttransmissionmode,transmissionequipmenthasavarietyofsteppingconveyor,transmissiondeviceandflipdeviceirregularshape,withoutpropertransmissionbasedonthesurfaceoftheworkpiece,usuallyinthetraylocationandtransportation,thiskindofsituationwillincreasethepalletreturnequipment.Automaticproductionlinecontrolsystemismainlyusedtoensurethemachinetooldrivingsystem,artifacts,andauxiliaryequipmentinaccordancewiththerelevantregulationsofthenormalworkoftheworkcycleandinterlockingrequirements,testequipmentandsignalequipmentandtrouble.Adapttotherequirementofautomaticproductionlineofthedebuggingandrunning,therearethreekindsofworkingstate:controlsystem,semi-automaticandautomaticadjustment.Adjustmentscanbemanualoperationandadjustment,realizesinglemachineeveryaction;Inthesemi-automaticcanrealizesinglemachinesinglework;Intheautomatictransmissionmachinecanworkcontinuously.Controlsystemhasits"stop"controlfunction,parking,transfermachineinnormalworkingconditionsneedtocompleteaworkcycle,eachmachine'smovingpartsonbacktoitsoriginalpositionafterparking.Otherauxiliaryequipmentautomaticallysetaccordingtotherequirementsofprocessandautomationdegree,workpieceautomaticdetectiondevicessuchaswashingmachine,automatictoolchangedevice,automaticchipsystemandcoolingsystem,etc.Inordertoimprovetheproductivity,automaticlinemustensurethattheworkreliabilityoftheautomaticproductionline.Mainfactorsinfluencingthereliabilityoftheautomaticproductionlineofworkisthereliabilityoftheprocessingqualityandtheequipmentandstableoperation.Thedevelopmentdirectionofautomaticproductionlinemainlyistoimprovetheproductivityandincreasetheversatilityandflexibility.Inordertomeettheneedsofavarietyofproduction,adjustmentofdevelopmentcanbequicklyadjustableautomaticproductionline.ThisproductionlineisasetofteachingsystembasedonPLCcontrol,isalsoasetofmodularproductiontrainingsystem.Itsets,sensors,PLCapplicationandelectriccontrolofpneumaticandothertechnologyinone,bytheautomaticfeeding,transmissiondetection,vacuumsorting,colorsorting,positionadjustment,sparepartssupplyandassemblyblankingsevenworkstations,etc.Thefunctionofautomaticfeedingstationistoprovideotherworkstationsartifacts.Artifactsbypneumaticmanipulatorgrasping,throughtranslation,liftingandswingingmovements,suchasontheconveyorbelt,andthenreturntotheinsitu.1.ThehardwaredesignofthesystemAutomaticfeedingunitmoduleisthestartoftheautomaticproductionlinesystem,mainlybytheworkpieceloadingandlaunchingdevice,stents,valvegroup,terminalcomponents,PLC,button,groovebottom,etc.Mainfunctionistobeplacedinabunkerworkpieceautomaticallypushedtothematerialplate,sothatthemanipulatorgraspingandtransmissionoftransportunit.Havebothmanualandautomaticoperationmode.Beforetheoperationshouldensurethatfeedplatematerial.1.1actionprocessFeedingunitmainbodyisarotatingtray,traysetontwotubularbin.Inthepositionofthedishonthecorrespondingmaterialinstalleddiffusephotoelectricswitch,functionistodetectmaterialservedonplates.Whentheworkpiecewillreachposition,photoelectricswitchtodetecttheexistenceoftheworkpiece,andthesystemtoprovidetheunitdiskmaterialartifactssignal.Inconveyingunitcontrolprogram,youcanusethesignalsofthestateofthecomponenttodrivethemanipulatordevice,totravel.Thisundertheactionofgravity,theworkpieceautomaticallymovedowntheartifacts,readyforthenextgrabartifacts.Ifthecurrentplatewithoutartifacts,materialplatewillcontinuetotesttheexpectedpositionunderprogramcontrol.Untilthetwodishesnoartifacts,materialplatestoprunning.1.2thepneumaticcircuitdesignPneumaticactuator,controlloopistheunitofworkconsistsofpneumaticmanipulatorandfeedingwheel,finishloadinganddischarge.Manipulatorinstructureconsistsoftwostraightlineofcylinder,aswingingcylinderandclaw.Placestatusto:pawclosedgas,shiftcylinder,liftingcylinder,cylinder0°.Aworkingcycle:thepawclosed-gasclawsopen-qi-translationcylinderinto-clawgascylinderclosed-translationalcylindertocylinder180°,backtranslationcylinderintothegas-liftcylinderfall-clawopentoshiftcylinderannealing,liftingcylindertocylinder0°.Robotscandotranslation,liftingandswingingarmclawgraspingmotion,bymagneticproximityswitchinstalledineachcylindercylindertestlimitposition,andthenbythePLCtorealizepositioncontrol.WuLiangWeifive-waydoubleelectricsolenoidvalveinstalledonthecollectorplate,controlofmechanicalarmtranslation,liftingandswingingcontrolandfeedingplaterotatingmovement.1.3PLCcontrolInfeedingunit,magneticswitch,positiondetectionplatecylindermaterialwithoutartifactsphotoelectricswitch,transmissioncongestiondetectionsensorandcontrolbuttons,PLC,atotalof14receivedsignalinputterminal.Electromagneticvalvetocontrolthemovementoftheoutput,thefaultsignalandthesignal,atotalof13outputterminals.ThemainunitcanchooseSiemenss7-300andtheexchangeofinformationbetweenfromthestation.2.ThesoftwaredesignofthesystemDesignmethodofPLCladderdiagramprogramhastwokindsofempiricalmethodandsequencecontrol.Sequentialcontroldesignmethodisthebasicideaofthesystemofaworkingcycleisdividedintoseveralconnectedtoasequenceofsteps,withprogrammingcomponents(suchasmemoryM)torepresent,inanystepinthestateofeachoutputunchanged.Makethesystembythecurrentstepintothenextstepsignaliscalledthetransitionconditions,itcanbeanexternalinputsignal,suchasbuttons,suchasthelimitswitchonandoff.CanalsobeaPLC,thesignalsproducedbyinternalcontactsignalssuchastimersandcounters.Usingsequentialcontroldesignmethod,firstofall,basedonthesystemoftechnologicalprocess,asshownintheorderofthefunctionaldiagram,functiondrawingouttheladderdiagramaccordingtoordertocompletetheprogramdesign.附錄資料：不需要的可以自行刪除鋁板幕墻安裝工程一、適用范圍：適用于民用建筑中鋁板幕墻安裝。二、施工準(zhǔn)備：（一）材料要求：1.鋁合金飾面板和骨架材料必須符合設(shè)計(jì)的材質(zhì)、種類、規(guī)格、型號，其質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。2.連接件、預(yù)埋件等零件必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，并進(jìn)行防腐處理。3.結(jié)