新目標(biāo)綜合教程3 unit2 課后練習(xí)答案

1Nountoverbconversion2"Verb+for"Construction3"Verb+on"Construction4Translationofattributiveclauses5Translationofculture-loadedexpressionsUsefulexpressions6Nountoverbconversion1)

2)3)Examples4)ExerciseKnowledgeofnounto

verbconversionNountoverbconversion

inthetextNountoverbconversion①OnahotSeptemberafternoon,fourhundredstudentscrashedintoasmallclassroom,lookingforseatsonthelongrowsthatcurvedaroundlikegianthorseshoes.(Para.1)

Nountoverbconversioninthetext②Heclippedonalavalieremicrophoneandclearedhisthroat.(Para.2)③Asoftmurmurrippledacrosstheroomasstudentsturnedfromsidetosideandwhisperedexpressionsofdisbelief.(Para.4)toformacurvetofastenwithacliptospreadlikearippleNountoverbconversionYouwillnotbewhippedinthepublicsquareifyoudon’t.(Para.4)

NountoverbconversioninthetextWehavetogetexcitedaboutprobingavastarrayofsubjectsanddisciplines.(Para.12)tobeatwithawhiptoexploreorexaminewithaprobeNountoverbconversion2)Knowledgeof“nountoverbconversion”Nountoverbconversionisoneofthemostproductiveways,withthemeaning:1.“toactasorlikeN”2.“togiveN”3.“tosend/gobyN”4.“to…withN”5.“toputin/onN”6.“tomake/change…intoN”7.“todeprive…ofN”Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（一）動(dòng)物名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為有該動(dòng)物習(xí)性特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)作

toactlikeape…toape:toimitatelikeanape(模仿)dog…todog:tofolloworhuntlikeadog

(尾隨，追蹤)monkey…tomonkey(with):tomimic,playmischievoustrickslikeamonkey(胡鬧，瞎弄)Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（一）動(dòng)物名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為有該動(dòng)物習(xí)性特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)作

toactlikebull…tobull:topushforcefullylikeabull

(用力推，擠);toscaresb.byusingone’sstrengthlikeabull

(嚇唬，威脅)Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（二）人體部位和動(dòng)植物組成部分的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為具有其形象特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)詞to…withfinger…tofinger:tofeelorhandlewithfingers(觸摸某物)shoulder…toshoulder:tocarrysth.withtheshoulders(扛、擔(dān)、掮（某物）)elbow…toelbow:topushone’swaywiththeelbows

(用肘強(qiáng)行開路)Nountoverbconversion3)Examples（二）人體部位和動(dòng)植物組成部分的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為具有其形象特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)詞to…withpeel…topeel:toremovethepeelfrom(削掉…的皮)core…tocore:totakecoresoutof(去…的核)Nountoverbconversion（三）自然現(xiàn)象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表示以其性質(zhì)為特征的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞

to…likeTheystormedthespeakerwithquestions.他們猛烈質(zhì)問演講者。storm:tospeakviolentlylikeastormMisfortuneshaverainedheavilyupontheoldman.不幸總是無情地落在這位老人身上。rain:tofalllikerain3)ExamplesNountoverbconversion（三）自然現(xiàn)象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表示以其性質(zhì)為特征的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞

to…likeHisrefusalicedourenthusiasm.他的拒絕冷卻了我們的熱情。ice:tofreezelikeice3)ExamplesNountoverbconversion（四）工具名稱的動(dòng)詞化towork/dowith,toputinto,togivesb.sth.3)Exampleshammer

…

tohammer:tostrikewithahammer(用錘子敲)needle

…

toneedle:topushone’swaylikeaneedle(摩肩接踵)helicopter

…

tohelicopter:totravelbyhelicopter(坐直升飛機(jī)旅行)Nountoverbconversion（四）工具名稱的動(dòng)詞化towork/dowith,toputinto,togivesb.sth.3)Examplestelegram

…

totelegram:tosendsb.atelegram(打電報(bào))clothe

…

toclothe:togiveclothestosb.(給某人穿衣)cage

…tocage:toputintoacage(用籠裝)corner

…

tocorner:toputintoacorner(使某人走投無路)Nountoverbconversion（五）社會(huì)人物toactasorlike3)Examplestutor…totutor:toactasorlikeatutorto(當(dāng)…的教師、輔導(dǎo))father…tofather:toactasorlikethefatherof(當(dāng)…父親，像父親般對(duì)待)boss…toboss:toactasorlikeabossto(當(dāng)…的老板、像老板般對(duì)待)coach…tocoach:toactasorlikeacoachto(當(dāng)…的教練、如教練般對(duì)待)Nountoverbconversion4)ExerciseCompletethefollowingsentenceswithappropriatewords.Makechangeswherenecessary.Nountoverbconversion4)ExercisesummershowcasecranefatherradioparrotblanketsnowballFromwindowsheadswere_______foraviewoftheparade.Hedoesn’thaveallideaofhisown.Hejust_______whatotherpeoplesay.Thelawnowgenerallypresumesthatthehusbandisthelegalfatherifhiswifehasthechild,evenifhedidn’t______it.craningparrotsfatherNountoverbconversion4)ExercisesummershowcasecranefatherradioparrotblanketsnowballHeavysmog________thecity.Shefully__________hertalentsintherealityshow.Themoreyoutrytoavoidaproblem,themoreheavilyit__________andfinallyoverwhelmsyou.blanketsshowcasedsnowballsNountoverbconversion4)ExercisesummershowcasecranefatherradioparrotblanketsnowballIntheairport,theanxiousmother_______forhermissingchild.Thefamily_________atapeacefulmountainousresort.radioedsummered1)“Verb+for”constructioninthetext2)Knowledgeof“for”afterverbs3)Exercise6"Verb+for"Construction1)"Verb+for"constructioninthetextOnahotSeptemberafternoon,fourhundredstudentscrashedintoasmallclassroom,lookingforseatsonthelongrowsthatcurvedaroundlikegianthorseshoes.(Para.1)…Ifyoudo,”heconcluded,“comebackonWednesday,andpreparefortherideofalifetime.…(Para.7)"Verb+for"Construction2)Knowledgeof“for"afterverbsfor:(1)Whenexpressingpurpose,aim,intention,ordestination,“for”oftenfollowsverbsindicatingdesires,wishesordirections.lookforseekforsearchforapplyforpleaforlongforthirstforstriveforfightfor

gropeforfeelforvoteforsailfordepartfore.g.applyforapproval/scholarshipstriveforsuccess/qualitylifevoteforthecandidate/thereform"Verb+for"Construction2)Knowledgeof“for"afterverbsfor:(2)Whenexpressinginplaceof,insteadof,orrepresenting,“for”tendstofollowverbsindicatingsubstitute,equivalent,orcompensation.standforactfor

compensateforexchangefortradeforsubstitutefore.g.standforjustice/freedomcompensateforhighcosts/currencyrisktradeforfairness/profits"Verb+for"Construction2)Knowledgeof“for"afterverbsfor:(3)Whenexpressingcauseorreason,“for”usuallyfollowsverbsindicatingattitudesormoods.weepforblame…fordenounce…forthank…forappreciate…forcriticize…forapologizeforapplaudfore.g.blame…forthedevastation/thedelayappreciate…forgenerosity/mercyapplaudfortheperformance/hercourage"Verb+for"Construction3)Exercise6Completeeachsentencewitha“verb+for”constructionintheboxbelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.Refertoadictionaryifneeded.applaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor"Verb+at"Construction3)Exercise61)Hehascomeacrossinhisresearchatrickyquestion,whichlefthim__________

ananswerinthedarkness.2)Wecanacknowledgethatoppressionwillalwaysbewithus,andstill________

justice.gropingforstrivefor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor3)Exercise63)Thenewly-electedPresidentwonmediacomplimentsforhiscommitmenttosustainabledevelopment;forexample,hewas____________

hissupportofclean,greenandrenewableenergy.applaudedfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor3)Exercise64)Gashasbecomesocheapthatitcanbe_____________

coalasanelectricity-generatingfuel.5)GreaterGDPgrowthalsowouldhardly______________

themassivelossesinlivesandnationalwealth.substitutedfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropeforcompensatefor3)Exercise66)Ithasbeenbelievedthatcowboys________

asimplerwayoflifeandfreedomwithoutrestraint.standfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor3)Exercise67)“Iwouldratherhavemypeoplelaughatmyeconomies(節(jié)儉)than_________

myextravagance(奢侈),”saidOscarII,theSwedishking.weepfor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor3)Exercise68)Nowthatthenewschoolfelldown,itwascrucialtomakeoutwhetherfaultydesignorpoorconstructionwasto________

thecollapse

(坍塌),anditwasequallyvitaltorebuildanewqualityschoolassoonaspossible.blamefor"Verb+at"Constructionapplaudforweepforstriveforblameforcompensateforsubstitute...forstandforgropefor"Verb+on"Construction1)"Verb+on"constructioninthetext2)Knowledgeof“on”afterverbs3)Micro-lecture4)Exercise7"Verb+on"Construction1)"Verb+on"constructioninthetextHeclippedonalavalieremicrophoneandclearedhisthroat.(Para.2)Theybelievethatifyouwanttodowellinanincreasinglyspecializedworld,youmustconcentrateonasingleareaandbecomeanexpertinthatfield,forsakingallothersubjects.(Para.8)"Verb+on"Construction1)"Verb+on"constructioninthetextTheydismissasmeaninglessanythingabouthigherlearningthatdoesn’tcenterontrainingsomeonetodoataskthatwouldmakethemmoney.(Para.10)Togrowontheideasandcreationsofothers,wemustencounterthem,andtodoso,wemustexplorethegreatworksofthemindfoundinthearts,sciences,mathematics,philosophies,andhistoricalperspectives.(Para.12)"Verb+on"Constructionon:(1)Whenexpressingaspectordirection,“on”oftenfollowsverbsindicatingdirectingthoughtsoractions.centeronfocuson

concentrateonpress…on

force…on

impose…one.g.focusonsolutions/yourgoalpressalabelonatrunk;presswineandfoodonaguestimposedutiesontobaccoandwines;imposethewishonthekid2)Knowledgeof"on"afterverbs"Verb+on"Construction2)Knowledgeof"on"afterverbs(2)Whenexpressingbasis,dependence,reliance,orsubsistence,“on”oftenfollowsverbsindicatingplacingorrelying.base…onprideoneselfondependonrelyoncountonhangonrestoninsistonliveonfeedone.g.relyontheexperience/one’sinstinctinsistontheoriginal

demand/self-relianceliveonplainfood/one’sparents"Verb+on"Construction(3)Whenexpressingconcerningorwithregardto,“on”oftenkeepscompanywithverbsindicatingexpressing.agreeondecideoncommentonelaborateoncomplimenton

congratulateone.g.decideonthe

date

of

departure/the

careerelaborateonthe

significance/the

detailscomplimentonthe

design/hisgoodbehavior2)Knowledgeof"on"afterverbs"Verb+on"Construction3)Micro-lectureWatchthefollowingmicro-lecturetolearnmoreabout“Verb+Preposition”construction."Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise7Completeeachsentencewitha“verb+on”constructionintheboxbelow.Makechangeswherenecessary.Refertoadictionaryifneeded."Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise71)Occasionallyauctions

(拍賣)containitemssointerestingthatcriticsinnewspapers____________theirquality,notjustthepricestheymightfetch.2)Before__________

asatisfactorytourroute,atravelerishighlyadvisedtoreadsomeelite

(精華的)traveltipsaswellasvisitsomeofficialwebsitesofthedestination.decidingoncommentelaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonon"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise73)Althoughhebrieflyadmittedtobeingunfaithfultohiswife,hedidn’t____________

hismarital(婚姻的)flaws.4)Numerousforceshavebeen__________physicians(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生)tomakethemchangetheirpracticebehaviors.imposedonelaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonelaborateon"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise75)Environmentalistshavelongsaidtheworldshould_____________

preventingclimatechange,notadaptingtoit.6)Acompany’ssuccessislikelytobeaffectedbyhowmuchthecompany_______

thefeedbackithasgathered.elaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonconcentrateonactson"Verb+on"Construction4)Exercise77)Economistssaythattheeconomicweaknessandthestockmarkets’wildswingshavebegunto_______themselves.8)Shewasaccountableto

(對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé))nooneandwasnolonger_______

byanyone.elaborateon

commentonrelyonconcentrateonimposeonactondecideon

feedonfeedonreliedonAttributiveclausescanstatereasons,results,additionalinformation,etc.Insuchcases,theyareoftentranslatedasindependentsentencesinChinese.Attributiveclauses1)Examples2)Exercise81)Examples:Comparethetwoversionsoftranslation.AttributiveclausesThis

novel,

which

I

have

read

three

times,

is

verytouching.a.這本我已經(jīng)讀過三遍的小說很動(dòng)人。b.這本小說很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。Towardevening,westoppedataninn,wherewepassedthenight.a.傍晚，我們停在一家我們?cè)谀抢镞^了夜的旅店。b.傍晚，我們停留在一家酒店，在那里過了夜。1)Examples:AttributiveclausesWe’relivinginaremarkabletime,whenitwillsoonbeimpossibletobetrulyalone.a.我們生活在一個(gè)真正的獨(dú)處很快將難以企及的非凡的年代b.我們生活在一個(gè)非凡的年代，在這個(gè)年代里，真正的獨(dú)處很快將難以企及。Comparethetwoversionsoftranslation.1)Examples:AttributiveclausesItishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyourgrandfather.a.是他接到了那封說你祖父已經(jīng)去世的信。b.是他接到了那封信，說你的祖父已經(jīng)去世。

Comparethetwoversionsoftranslation.2)Exercise8TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheunderlinedattributiveclauses.Attributiveclauses2)Exercise81)Withinafewminutes,hehadunfurledabriefhistoryofliberaleducation,andtoldthemthat“l(fā)iberal”camefromtheLatinfor“free”,anditwasthekindofschoolingthatfreechildren(asoppositetoslaves)receivedintheancientworld.(Para.6)接下來的幾分鐘里，他簡(jiǎn)要介紹了通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展歷史，告訴學(xué)生們“通識(shí)”一詞來自拉丁語，意為“自由”，這種學(xué)校教育在古代只有自由的小孩（而非奴隸）才能享受。Attributiveclauses2)Exercise82)Inthemodernversion,studentsexploredahostofdisciplinesfromthesciencestothehumanities,takingadeepapproachtoimportantissuesthatthosedisciplinescouldhelpthemaddress.(Para.6)現(xiàn)代的通識(shí)教育讓學(xué)生接觸許多理工和人文學(xué)科，這些學(xué)科知識(shí)有助于深入探求人生重大問題的答案。Attributiveclauses2)Exercise83)Theydismissasmeaninglessanythingabouthigherlearningthatdoesn’tcenterontrainingsomeonetodoataskthatwouldmakethemmoney.(Para.10)他們認(rèn)為，高等教育如果不以培訓(xùn)學(xué)生做事掙錢為核心，就是毫無意義的。Attributiveclauses2)Exercise84)Ifwearetounderstandwhatoursubjectsdidthatenabledthemtofashionsuchhighlyproductiveandcreativelives,wemustappreciatewhytheyvaluedabroadeducationbeforespecializinginoneortwofields.(Para.11)Attributiveclauses2)Exercise8如果想弄清我們的調(diào)查對(duì)象究竟做了什么成就了極富成效與創(chuàng)造力的人生，我們就必須理解為什么他們?nèi)绱酥匾曉谶x定專業(yè)領(lǐng)域之前所接受的通識(shí)教育。Attributiveclauses2)Exercise85)Theyunderstoodeducationasadevelopmentalprocessinwhichtheysoughttogrowthepoweroftheirminds,andthattooinfluencedthekindoflearningtheyattempted.(Para.13)他們把教育理解為一種成長歷程，在此過程中，他們致力于思維能力的提升，這樣一種理解也影響到了他們所嘗試的學(xué)習(xí)方向。AttributiveclausesCulture-loadedexpressions1)Examplesinthetranslationofculture-loadedexpressions2)Exercise9Examplesinthetranslationofculture-loadedexpressionsCulture-loadedwordsrefertothosewordsorphraseswhichconveyacertainkindofculturalconnotationsorassociationswhichmayormaynotbefoundinotherlanguagesorcultures.Fourmajormethodsoftranslationwouldbeillustratedherebymeansofexamples.Culture-loadedexpressionsliteraltranslation(直譯)transliteration(音譯)correspondingtranslation(借譯)liberaltranslation(意譯)(1)Literaltranslation(直譯)紙老虎東方之珠一國兩制一帶一路Culture-loadedexpressionspapertigertheorientalpearlonecountrywithtwosystemsonebeltandoneroad(1)Literaltranslation(直譯)Culture-loadedexpressionsTip:Sometimesadditionalremarkswouldbeaddedinordertomaketheliteraltranslationbetterunderstood.Forexample:呂新華表示，在反腐斗爭(zhēng)中，發(fā)現(xiàn)一起查處一起，發(fā)現(xiàn)多少查處多少，沒有不受查處的“鐵帽子王”。Lyusaidthatinfightingcorruptionit’simportanttodealwithanyandallofit.Therewillbeno“iron-capprinces”thathaveimmunity,hesaid.(2)Transliteration(音譯)磕頭功夫秀才牌樓琵琶Culture-loadedexpressionskowtowkungfuxiucaipailoupipaCulture-loadedexpressionsTip:Itisverycommonfortransliterationtobeusedtogetherwithliteralorliberaltranslation,sometimesalsowithadditionalremarks.Forexample:巴蜀文化theBashucultureinSichuanProvince(2)Transliteration(音譯)Culture-loadedexpressions

潑冷水

隔墻有耳

渾水摸魚

腳踏實(shí)地

新官上任三把火

(3)Correspondingtranslation

(套譯)

pourcoldwateronThewallshaveears.fishintroubledwatersdown-to-earthAnewbroomsweepsclean.Culture-loadedexpressions①一五一十(4)Liberaltranslation

(意譯)②望子成龍③班門弄斧④東施效顰⑤海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰。infulldetailshopeone’schildrenwillhaveabrightfuturedisplayone’sslightskillsbeforea