初三英語學(xué)習(xí)

1,understandthenatureofmycountrypeople'sdemocraticdictatorship(P5)Nationalnature:ledbytheworkingclass,basedontheallianceofworkersandpeasantsofthepeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipofsocialistcountriesThebiggestcharacteristicofthepeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipinourcountry:theaccountsforthemostofthepeople'sdemocracy,damagetoahandfulofhostilityandhostiletothecauseofsocialismtodictatorship.Thepeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipisthenatureofthepeoplearemastersofthecountry.ThecharacteristicsofdemocracyinChina:ithasuniversalityandauthenticity.()isanewtypeofdemocracyAbroad,thepeople'sdemocracy,notonlyinthepeopleenjoyextensivedemocraticrightsandperformanceinthesubjectofextensivedemocracy.B,theintegrityofthepeople'sdemocracy,inthepeople'srighttoself-determination,withthesystem,lawsandmaterialprotectionpeoplecanmanagetheircountry;Alsoinwiththedevelopmentofeconomyandtheprogressofthesociety,themassesofthepeople'sinterestsbefullyimplemented.2,knowthecitizensshallenjoythepoliticalrightsandfreedom(P9)(1)therighttovoteandtherighttovote,electionandwaschosentorepresentorgansofstatepower)isabasicdemocraticrightsofcitizens,isthebasisofthecitizenparticipateincountrymanagementandmarking.politicalfreedomsupervision(thesupervisionofallstateorgansandstatefunctionariesrights)3,understandthecitizenmustfulfillthepoliticalobligationsandresponsibilities(P9)Politicalobligationisreferstothecitizentothestateandsocietyresponsibility.citizensshallhavethedutytosafeguardnationalunityandnationalunity.(2)citizensabidebytheconstitutionandthelawofobligation.(3)citizensshallhavethedutytosafeguardnationalsecurity,honorandinterests.(4)citizensshallhavethedutytoperformmilitaryserviceandjointhemilitia.4,participateinthebasicprinciplesofpoliticallife(1)adheretotheprincipleofequalbeforethelaw.(theequalrightsandobligations,theapplicationoflaw)(2)adheretotheunityoftherightsandobligations.(isboththemainbodyofrightsandobligationsofthemainbody,setuptherightconsciousness,cherishtherightsofcitizens,andfosterasenseofobligation,conscientiouslyfulfilhisobligations)(3)adheretothepersonalinterestsandcollectiveinterests,theprincipleofcombiningtheinterestsofthestate.(therootisthesame)ThesecondlessonOurcountrycitizen'spoliticalparticipation(democraticelections,democraticdecision-making,democraticmanagementanddemocraticsupervision)1,comparedifferentelectoralmethods(P16)directelectionorbelowthecounty(county)thedirectelectionofpeople'scongresswillextendto(2)indirectelectionsatthecountylevel(theelection)atorabovethecountylevel(3)equalelectoral(=theformalcandidateselected)(4)theelection(>theformalcandidateselectedtheforehead)Whatkindofelection,consistsofthefollowingconditions:thesocialeconomicsystem,materiallivingconditions,theculturallevelofthevoters.Inourcountryaccordingtothenationalproperty,socialprogressandeconomicdevelopmentandnationalconditions,usingacombinationofdirectelectionandindirectelection.3,understandthecitizenparticipationindemocraticdecision-makingwayandmeaningCitizensdirectlyinvolvedinthedemocraticdecision-makingway(P20):reflectpublicopinionsystem,broadeningthechannelsforpublicopinionreflects,isthedecision-makingorgantheimportantpremiseofscientificdecision-making);Expertsystem(toimprovethescientificnatureofthedecision);Majormattersofsocialpublicsystem(citizenenjoysthedecision-makingfortheinterestsofthepublic'srighttoknowisthepremiseandfoundationofcitizenparticipationindemocraticdecision-making.Toincreasebeforedecision-makingtransparencyandcitizenparticipation).Socialhearingsystem(hearing)isforthesakeofdecisionpolityinpeople.4,waysandmeanstounderstanddemocracyatthegrassrootslevelautonomy(P24-25)Inruralareas:thevillagecommitteeCity:theresidents'committeesAutonomousmassorganizationsatthegrass-rootslevel5,democraticsupervisionway,thesignificanceandtheresponsibilityofthecitizenparticipationindemocraticsupervisionThechannelsandwaysofdemocraticsupervision(P27-28):letter-inquiring-and-accusingsystem,systemofNationalPeople'sCongressonbehalfoftieswiththemasses,publicopinionsupervisionsystem(hightransparency,powerisbig,wideinfluence,agingfast),oversighthearings,democraticcouncil,onlineappraisalofthegovernment,etc.ResponsibletoexercisetheirrightofsupervisionMeaning:toimprovetheperformanceofthestateorgansandstatefunctionariestoarousethemassesofcitizensconcernedabouttheaffairsofstate,forthesocialistmodernizationconstructionofownershipWhattodo:forthebenefitofthenationandpeople,daretostruggleagainsttheevilforcesof,havethecouragetousetheconstitutionandthelawsupervision,legalways,adheretotheprincipleofseekingtruthfromfacts,notinterferewiththebusinessactivityThesecondunittoservethepeopleofthegovernmentThethirdclassTheChinesegovernmentisthegovernmentofthepeople1,theanalysisofthebasicfunctionsofourgovernment(P37)toensurethefunctionofpeople'sdemocracyandsafeguardnationalsecuritytheorganizationoftheconstructionofthesocialisteconomicfunctionstheorganizationfunctiontotheconstructionofsocialistculturetoprovidepublicservicefunctions2,analysisourcountrythegovernment'sresponsibilityisresponsibletothepeople(P39-41)Servingthepeopleistheaimofthegovernment,thebasicprinciplesofresponsibletothepeople'sgovernment.Thegovernmenttoberesponsibletothepeople:insistonworkingattitudeofservingthepeople,godeepamongthemasses,payattentiontothelivelihoodofthepeople,community,respectpublicopinion);Setupthepracticalworkstyle,improvetheadministrativeefficiency);Insistfromthemassestothemassestoworkmethod(doesthepracticalworksincerely,strugglingwithproblemsolving,perseverancetodogood).3,tounderstandthegovernmentwaysandmeanstoprovidecitizenshaveturnedgoods(P41)Openthehotline,setupreceptiondepartment,developmentofelectronicgovernmentaffairs,inaccordancewiththelawtosetuptheadministrativearbitration,administrativereconsiderationandadministrativelitigationsystem(legal).ThefourthlessonAresubjecttosupervisionbythepeople'sgovernmentofourcountry(2)therestrictionandsupervisionpowerofthegovernment'smainway(P46)establishandimprovethegovernmentpowerrestrictionandsupervisionisthekeytoestablishandimprovetherestrictionandsupervisionmechanism.Themechanism,oneistorelyondemocracy,thesecondistorelyonthelaw,bothbeshortofonecannot.establishaperfectsystemofadministrativesupervisionTheadministrativesupervisionsysteminChina,including:administrativesystem,externalsupervisionandinternalsupervisionoftheadministrativesystem.Administrativesystem,externalsupervisionincludesthesupervisionauthority(NPC),thedemocraticsupervision,thesupervisionofthejudicialorgansofthepeople'spoliticalconsultativeconference(thepeople'sprocuratorate,thecourt),thesupervisionofthecommunistpartyofChina,thenewsmediaandpublicsupervision,etc.;Internalsupervisionoftheadministrativesystemincludingthegovernmentatahigherlevelofsupervision,supervisiondepartmentsofsupervision,thesupervisionoftheauditingdepartment,legaldepartmentsupervision,etc.ThethirdunitconstructionofsocialistpoliticalcivilizationThefifthlessonThepeople'scongresssystemofourcountry1,understandthepeopleexercisestatepowerorgans,therelationshipbetweenthepeople'scongressandotherstateorgans(P55)oftheNationalPeople'sCongressisthesupremepowerorgan,thestandingcommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressisthepermanentbodyoftheNationalPeople'sCongress.Withlegislativepower,thedecisiontoappointandremove,andsupervisionoftheNationalPeople'sCongress(2)thepeople'scongressistheorganofstatepower,thestateadministrativeorgans,judicialorgansareproducedbyit,andshallberesponsibleforit,underhissupervision.2andunderstandtherightsandobligationsofthepeople'scongress(P56-57)therightsofthepeople'scongress:reviewtherightstorights,votingrights,proposalandinquiry.Organizationofthepeople'scongresssysteminourcountryandactivitycharacteristics:democraticcentralism(centralismonthebasisofdemocracyanddemocracyundercentralizedguidancewiththecombinationofsystem)People'scongressasthecornerstoneofthepeople'scongresssystemisChina'sfundamentalpoliticalsystem,bythenatureofthepeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipofsocialistcountriesLesson6Thepoliticalpartysystemofourcountry1,understandthecommunistpartyofChinaisthecoreofleadershipforthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics(about)andtheleadershipofthecommunistpartyofChinaistheestablishmentofthepositionoftherulingparty'snatureandpurpose.Properties:isChina'svanguardoftheworkingclassandtheChinesepeopleandthevanguardoftheChinesenationPurpose:toservethepeopleheartandsoulonlybyinsistingontheleadershipofthecommunistpartyofChina,tokeeptheroadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;Tosafeguardnationalunity,nationalunity,forthesocialistmodernizationconstructioncreateastableandharmonioussocialenvironment;Tothemostwidelyandfullymobilizeallpositivefactorstoachievethecomprehensiveconstructionaffluentsociety'sgoal.2,understandtherulingwayofthecommunistpartyofChina(P64-65)thescientificruling(premise),democraticgoverning(nature),inaccordancewiththelawgoverning(basic)Supportthepeoplecongresstoperformtheirfunctions,makethepartythroughlegalprocedurestoriseforthenationalwill,itisimportanttorulebylaw4,understandthepoliticalpartysystemwithChinesecharacteristicsthesystemofmulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipofthecommunistparty,isthepoliticalpartysystemwithChinesecharacteristics,isabasicpoliticalsystemofourcountry.(P69)characteristics:(P70):1.Thecommunistpartyandthedemocraticpartiesrelationshipiscooperationschemeofrelations,theChinesecommunistpartyistherulingparty,thedemocraticpartiesareparticipatingparties.2.Thefirstprerequisiteandfundamentalguaranteeofmulti-partycooperation,adheretotheleadershipofthecommunistpartyofChina;Thebasicprincipleofmulti-partycooperation,long-termcoexistence,mutualsupervision,sinceretreatment,blame;Therootofthemulti-partycooperationactivitiesprinciples:abidebytheconstitutionandlaws;Importantinstitutionofmulti-partycooperation,theChinesepeople'spoliticalconsultativeconference.People'spoliticalconsultativeconferenceistheChinesecommunistpartyandthedemocraticpartiescooperationorganizationform,isthecommunistparty'sleadership,broadlyrepresentativeofthepatrioticunitedfrontorganization,isourcountrypoliticallifeplaytotheimportantformofsocialistdemocracy.Aroundthetwothemesofunityanddemocracy,theperformanceofthepoliticalconsultation,democraticsupervisionandthefunctionofpoliticalparticipationLesson7Asystemofregionalnationalautonomyandreligiouspolicyofourcountry1,clearChina'snewnationalrelationship,learntocorrectlyhandleethnicrelationsinlife(P74-76)Equality,unity,mutualaidandharmonioussocialistnationalrelations.2,understandthebasicprinciplesofdealingwithethnicrelationsinChina(P74-75)dealingwithethnicrelations,Chinainsistonethnicequality,ethnicunityandthebasicprinciplesofvariousnationalcommonprosperity.thethreeprinciplesareinterrelatedandindivisible.Thepoliticalbasisfornationalequalityistoachievetheunityofthenationalities.Nationalequalityandnationalunityisthepreconditiontorealizethenationalcommonprosperity.Andcommonprosperityofallethnicgroups,especiallytheeconomicdevelopmentandnationalequality,nationalunity,materialguarantee.3,understandthenecessity,theadvantagesoftheregionalnationalautonomysysteminChina(whatdo-80)Inevitability:(1)shallpractiseasystemofregionalnationalautonomyistheinevitablechoiceforChina'snationalconditions,bythehistoryofourcountrycharacteristic()aunifiedmulti-ethniccountry,thereality(largemixedethnicdistributioncharacteristicsofsmallpopulations),solidsocialandpoliticalfoundation(nationalrelationshipofinterdependenceofallethnicgroupsformed)(2)advantages:conducivetomaintainingnationalunityandsecurity;Isconducivetoprotecttherightsofminoritypeoplearemastersofthecountryimplemented;Isadvantageoustothedevelopmentofequality,solidarity,mutualhelpharmonioussocialistnationalrelations;Thrivingisbeneficialtopromotethesocialistmodernizationdrive.4,understandChina'sreligiouspolicy(P82-83)thefreedomofreligiousbeliefisalong-termbasicpolicyofourcountry.Itsconnotationis:citizenshavethefreedomofreligiousbelief,alsohasnotthefreedomofreligiousbelief;Havefaiththatreligiousfreedom,andhavefaiththatthefreedomofreligion;Inthesamereligion,havefaiththesectoffreedom,alsohavethefreedomofbeliefthatsect;Haveapastsecularandreligiousfreedom,nowalsohavethefreedomofreligiousandsecularnowinthepast.Thestateprotectsnormalreligiousactivities.Religiousbeliefsbypolicyincludestwoaspects,bothtoprotectthefreedomofreligiousbelief,andprotectthefreedomofreligiousbelief,itisacomprehensiveandcompletepolicy.Freedomofreligiousbeliefisabasicrightofcitizen'sconstitutional,istheimportantofrespectforandprotectionofhumanrightsinourcountry.theChinesegovernmentmanagementofreligiousaffairsaccordingtolaw,protectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofreligionandnormalreligiousactivities,preventandcrackdownonuseofreligiontoengageinillegalandcriminalactivities,theuseofreligiontoengageinadefenseagainstforeignpenetration.religiousinChinaadheretotheprincipleofindependenceandself-governance,andthegovernmentsupportthereligiouscirclesfriendlyexchanges,againstanyorganizationorindividualoutsideinterventioninChina'sreligiousaffairs.activelyguidereligionstoadaptthemselvestothesocialistsocietyinChina.5,understandingthecharacteristicsofsocialistdemocraticpoliticsandadvantage(P85)allpowerbelongstothepeopleofthecountry.Thepeopleisthenational,social,andmasterofhisfate.theleadershipoftheparty,thepeoplearemastersofthecountry,theunityoftheruleoflaw.theunityofcontentandformofdemocracy.Theauthenticityoftheunityofthecontentandformofdiversity,theunityofcivilrightsandobligations.ThefourthunitThecontemporaryinternationalcommunityLesson8walksintotheinternationalcommunity1,understandtherightsandobligationsofsovereignstateintheinternationalcommunity(P91-92)thebasicrightsofsovereignstateintheinternationalcommunity:independence,equality,self-defenseandjurisdiction.thesovereignstateintheinternationalcommunityshouldbeabasicduty:donotinfringeuponothercountries,non-interferenceinothers'internalaffairs,inordertosolvetheinternationaldisputeinapeacefulway.2,understandthepurposesandprinciplesoftheUNandrole(P93)purpose:maintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurity;Internationaldevelopmentonthebasisofrespectforpeople'sequalrightsandself-determinationoffriendlyrelations;Promoteinternationalcooperation,inordertosolvetheinternationalbelongstointernationaleconomic,social,culturalandhumanwelfarequalityproblem;Asthecentreoftheco-ordinatingactivities.Simplyput,istomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,promotinginternationalcooperationanddevelopment.principle:memberstatessovereignequality,fulfilltheobligationsasstipulatedinthecharter,peacefullysolveinternationaldisputes,thethreatoruseofforcewillbemadetoothercountries,thecollectivecollaboration,notinterfereintheinternalaffairsofanycountry,toensurethatmemberstatestoabidebytheprinciples.:theUnitedNationsinmaintainingworldpeaceandsecurity,andpromotethedevelopmentofeconomic,social,andimplementhumanitarianaidplaysapositiverole.ButtheUnitedNationsalsohavelimitations.3,understandthepositionandroleoftheChineseintheUnitedNations(P93)ChinaasthefoundingoftheUnitedNationsmemberstatesandoneofthepermanentmembersofthesecuritycouncil,hasconsistentlyupholdthepurposesandprinciplesofthecharteroftheUnitedNations,supportbyallworkofthespiritoftheUNcharter,activelyparticipateintheUNanditsspecializedagenciesisconducivetoworldpeaceanddevelopmentactivities.Chinesemilitaryintheworld,environmentalprotection,safeguardhumanrightsandsolvetheproblemssuchasregionalconflictsplayanimportantrole,hasmadeimportantcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.4,understandingthedecisivefactorsininternationalrelations(P96-97)Countriesappearseparation,aggregationandpersonalrelationshipbetweenhotandcoldisthecomplexrelationsbetweenpolitics,economy,culture,history,geography,etc.Theresultofcomprehensiveshapingofmanyfactors.Therightsandinterestsofnationalinterestsisthenationalsurvivalanddevelopment,safeguardnationalinterestsisthestartingpointandthefootholdofsovereignforeignactivities.Nationalinterestsininternationalrelationsisthedecisivefactor.5,explainourcountryininternationalrelationsmustmaintaintheirownnationalinterests're-98)Incontemporaryinternationalsociety,Chinafirmlysafeguarditsnationalinterests.ThemaincontentofChina'snationalinterestsincludesecurityinterests,politicalinterestsandeconomicinterests.Ourcountryisthepeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipofsocialistcountries,consistentwiththefundamentalinterestsofthepeopleofnationalinterests.Tomaintainourcountry'snationalinterestwastomaintainthefundamentalinterestsofthebroadmassesofthepeople,isfullyjustifiedandjustice.Ourcountryinitsowninterestsatthesametime,thereasonableinterestsofthestate,respectforothercountriestomaintainthecommoninterestsofthepeopleallovertheworld.LessonnineThemaintenanceofworldpeacePromotecommondevelopment1,understanding,peaceanddevelopmentarethethemesofourera(100-101),(1)thepeaceissueConnotation:theproblemisthemaintenanceofworldpeace,peacetopreventanewworldwar.Afterthesecondworldwar,theinternationalsituationisgenerallystable,thegrowthofthepeacerosemorethanwarfactors,striveforapeacefulinternationalenvironmentforalongperiodoftimewiththepossibilityofareality.Peaceanddevelopment,andcooperationhasbecometheinevitabletrendofTheTimes.Theworldmaintainpeaceintheoverallsituationofthemainreasons:first,awarfareofpeopleallovertheworldlongforpeaceandagainstwar.Second,thedevastatingconsequencesofanuclearwar,makecertainthenuclearpowershavetoconsidertheirownsafetyandfeelhesitatetowagewar.Third,thedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,increasinginterdependencebetweennations,theinternationalforcesonrestrainingeachother,isconducivetothemaintenanceofworldpeaceandstability.Theinfluencingfactorsofpeace:intoday'sworldisstillfarfrombeingtranquilandfacemanyproblemsandchallengestoworldpeace.Hegemonismandpowerpoliticshavenewmanifestations,someofthemwereoftenunder"freedom","democracy"and"humanrights",infringeuponthesovereigntyandinterfereintheinternalaffairsofothercountries.Localconflictsandhotspotissues.Variousformsofinternationalterroristactivitiesendangeringpeople'speacefullife,poverty,drugsandotherissuesbecomemoreprominent.(2)developmentConnotation:developmentproblemistopointtothedevelopmentofworldeconomy,particularlyindevelopingcountriesineconomicdevelopment.Economicglobalizationisabasiceconomiccharacteristicsintoday'sworld.Worldeconomicdevelopmenttendstofocusonimprovingquality,theknowledgeeconomy,theeconomicsustainabledevelopmentisbecomingmoreandmoreattention.Theinfluencingfactorsofdevelopment:intoday'sworldisstillthedisparitybetweentherichandthepoorworld,developingcountriesanddevelopedcountriesofthegapbetweenrichandpoorismoreandmorebig.Unfairandirrationaloldinternationaleconomicorderisdamagingtheinterestsofdevelopingcountries.Globaldevelopmentofthemostprominentproblemisthenorth-southdevelopmentnotbalanced.Tworelations:peaceanddevelopmentarethethemesofourera,peaceanddevelopmentarecloselyrelated.Peaceisaprerequisitefordevelopment,developmentistheimportantfoundationofsafeguardingpeace.2,understandtheeffectivewaystosolvetheproblemofpeaceanddevelopment(P101)Forthesakeofpeaceanddevelopment,wemustfirmlyopposehegemonismandpowerpolitics,changetheoldinternationalorder,establishonthebasisofthefiveprinciplesofpeacefulcoexistenceisbeneficialtoworldpeaceanddevelopmentoffairandreasonablenewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.3,understandthedevelopmenttrendofworldmulti-polarization(P103)Theformationofmulti-polarizationpatternisalongandwindingevolutionprocesscomplicatedstruggle.Alongwiththeworldmulti-polarizationprocess,moreandmorefierceinternationalcompetition.Theworldtowardmulti-polarization,whichistherequirementofTheTimes,isintheinterestsofthepeopleallovertheworld,isconducivetoworldpeaceanddevelopment.Thecontradictionbetweenmonopoleandmultipole,dominatingthestruggleagainsthegemonismandwillbequitealongperiodof21stcenturythefocusoftheinternationalstruggle.4,analysisthecharacteristicsofthecurrentinternationalcompetitionandtheenlightenmenttoourcountry(P105)theinternationalcompetitiveperformanceinvariousfields,haveeconomiccompetition,culture,militarycompetition,talentcompetition,technologycompetition,etc.Thecurrentinternationalcompetitionisveryfierce,anditsessenceisbasedoneconomicandtechnologicalstrengthofthecompetitionofcomprehensivenationalstrength.Thecompetitionbetweencountriesareincreasinglyturnedtoeconomyandtechnology.theinternationalcompetitionofourcountry'senlightenment:besuretoseizeandmakegooduseoftheimportantperiodofstrategicopportunities,vigorouslyacceleratesocialistmodernization,thecomprehensiveconstructionbenefitthepopulationofahigherlevelofwell-offsociety,strengthenthenationalpower,thisistherootofourstandproudlyinthefamilyofnations.Atpresent,weshouldimplementthe