高中定語從句全面詳細(xì)講解

高中定語從句全面詳細(xì)講解高中定語從句全面詳細(xì)講解高中定語從句全面詳細(xì)講解V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考高中定語從句全面詳細(xì)講解日期：20xx年X月高中定語從句詳細(xì)講解（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。

2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,

where,

why等。

關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。例如：The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

該句中，who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

是定語從句，修飾先行詞the

man，

“who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the

man，在定語從句中作主語。（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．who

指人，在定語從句中作主語。

The

boys

who

are

playing

football

are

from

Class

One.

正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Those

who

want

to

go

to

the

museum

must

be

at

the

school

gate

at

7

tomorrow

morning.

想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門口集合。

Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man

who

had

lost

his

way.

昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>

That

is

the

teacher

who

teaches

us

physics.

那就是教我們物理的老師。2．whom

指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷浴?/p>

Mr.

Liu

is

the

person

(whom)

you

talked

about

on

the

bus.

劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談?wù)摰哪莻€人。

Li

Ming

is

just

the

boy

(whom)

I

want

to

see.

李明正是我想要見的男孩。The

professor

(whom)

you

are

waiting

for

has

come.

你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。

The

girl

(whom)

the

teacher

often

praises

is

our

monitor.

老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個女孩是我們的班長。

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom

在口語或非正式文體中常可用who

來代替，也可省略。

The

man

(whom

/

who)you

met

just

now

is

my

old

friend.3．Which

指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。

Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.

足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動。

The

factory

which

makes

computers

is

far

away

from

here.

制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。

He

likes

to

read

books

which

are

written

by

foreign

writers.

他喜歡外國作家寫的書。

The

house

which

is

by

the

lake

looks

nice.

湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

This

is

the

pen

(which)

he

bought

yesterday.

這是他昨天買的鋼筆。

The

film

(which)

they

went

to

see

last

night

was

not

interesting

at

all.

他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒有。4．That

指人時，相當(dāng)于who

或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。

The

number

of

people

that

/

who

come

to

visit

this

city

each

year

reaches

one

million.

每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬。Where

is

the

man

that

/

whom

I

saw

this

morning

我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒The

person

that

/whom

you

introduced

to

me

is

very

kind.

你介紹給我的那個人很友好。

The

season

that

/

which

comes

after

spring

is

summer.

春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。

Yesterday

I

received

a

letter

that

/

which

came

from

Australia.

昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。5．Whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學(xué)家。

He

has

a

friend

whose

father

is

a

doctor.

他有一個爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。

I

once

lived

in

the

house

whose

roof

has

fallen

in.

我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：

The

classroom

whose

door

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.

The

classroom

the

door

of

which

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.

Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。

The

school

(which

/

that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。

Tomorrow

I’ll

bring

here

the

magazine

(which

/

that)

you

asked

for.

Tomorrow

I’ll

bring

here

the

magazine

for

which

you

asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。

This

is

the

boy

(whom

/

who

/

that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。

We’ll

go

to

hear

the

famous

singer

(whom

/

who

/

that)

we

have

often

talked

about.

We’ll

go

to

hear

the

famous

singer

about

whom

we

have

often

talked.我們將去聽那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?/p>

The

manager

whose

company

I

work

in

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

The

manager

in

whose

company

I

work

pays

much

attention

to

improving

our

working

conditions.

我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。

注意：１．

含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look

for,

look

after,

take

care

of

等。

This

is

the

watch

(which

/

that)

I

am

looking

for.

(正)

這是我正在找的手表。

This

is

the

watch

for

which

I

am

looking.

(誤)

The

babies

(whom

/

who

/

that)

the

nurse

is

looking

after

are

very

healthy.

(正)

那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。

The

babies

after

whom

the

nurse

is

looking

are

very

healthy.

（誤）

２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who,

that；關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。

The

man

with

whom

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbor.

(正)

你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。

The

man

with

that

/

who

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbor.

(誤)

The

plane

in

which

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。

The

plane

in

that

we

flew

to

Canada

was

really

comfortable.

(誤)

３．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。

In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which

have

gone

bad.

籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。

There

are

forty

students

in

our

class

in

all,

most

of

whom

are

from

big

cities.

我們班總共有４０個學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。

Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.

迄今為止，他寫了１０部小說，其中３部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。詞＋關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句特例

1)......，...of+關(guān)系代詞。2)which代替this/that/the

（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1．

when

指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。

The

time

when

we

got

together

finally

arrived.

我們團(tuán)聚的時刻終于到了。

October

1,

1949

was

the

day

when

the

People’s

Republic

of

China

was

founded.

1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。

Do

you

remember

the

years

when

he

lived

in

the

countryside

with

his

grandparents.

你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？

2．

where

指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

上海是我出生的城市。

The

house

where

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.

我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。

I

visited

the

farm

where

a

lot

of

cows

were

raised.

我參觀了那個飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場。

Is

this

the

place

where

they

fought

the

enemy

這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎

3．

why

指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。

Please

tell

me

the

reason

why

you

missed

the

plane.

請告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。

The

reason

why

he

was

punished

is

unknown

to

us.

他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。

I

don’t

know

the

reason

why

he

looks

unhappy

today.

我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：

From

the

years

when

/

in

which

he

was

going

to

primary

school

in

the

country

he

had

known

what

he

wanted

to

be

when

he

grew

up.

自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時，他就已經(jīng)知道長大后要做什么。

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where

/

in

which

they

live.

他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。

The

reason

why

/

for

which

he

refused

the

invitation

is

quite

clear.

他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。

（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．作賓語時可省略B．可用thatC．可用who

代替whom非限制性定語從句

形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。

意義上：只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。

譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。

關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用thatC．不可用who

代替whom

限制性定語從句舉例：

The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

only

person

that

I

could

depend

on.

老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

China

is

a

country

which

has

a

long

history.

中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。

In

the

street

I

saw

a

man

who

was

from

Africa.

在街上我看到一個來自非洲的人。

非限制性定語從句舉例

：

His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很嚴(yán)格。

China,

which

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.

中國是1949年成立的，

現(xiàn)在正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。

Last

summer

I

visited

the

People’s

Great

Hall,

in

which

many

important

meetings

are

held

every

year.

去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會議。

（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that

引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

除外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代詞修飾時。如：

Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr.

Li

said?

李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？

There

seems

to

be

nothing

that

is

impossible

to

him

in

the

world.

對他來說似乎世界上沒有什么不可能的事。

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.

所有能做的都做好了。

There

is

little

that

I

can

do

for

you.

我不能為你干什么。

He

stayed

in

the

library

and

looked

up

any

information

that

they

needed.

他呆在圖書館查找所需的資料。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：

Any

man

that

/

who

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

do

such

a

thing.

任何有責(zé)任感的人都不會做這樣的事。

All

the

guests

that

/

who

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

所有應(yīng)邀來參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。

2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：

The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。

3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：

This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.

這是我看過的最好的電影。

4．當(dāng)先行詞被the

very,

the

only修飾時。如：

This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.

這正是我要買的詞典。

After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

that

he

owns.

家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過后，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

who

will

attend

the

meeting.

王華是我校唯一出席會議的人。

5．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問代詞時。如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

gate

站在門口的那個人是誰

Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most

哪件T恤衫最合我的身

6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如：

They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

that

they

remembered

at

school

他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r的人和事。

Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

that

are

walking

up

the

street.瞧瞧那個沿街走來的人和他的

毛驢。

（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which

引導(dǎo)的定語從句

as

和which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，

其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1.

as

和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如：

He

married

her,

as

/

which

was

natural.

他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很誠實(shí)，

這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來。

2.

as

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。

which

引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as

常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：

As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

眾所周知，中國是發(fā)展中國家。

He

is

from

the

south,

as

we

can

know

from

his

accent.

他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

約翰是個著名作家。

Zhang

Hua

has

been

to

Paris

more

than

ten

times,

which

I

don’t

believe.

張華已去過巴黎十多次了，這一點(diǎn)我不相信。

注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。

These

tables

are

made

of

metal,

which

made

them

very

heavy.

這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。

1.

當(dāng)先行詞受such,

the

same

修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。

如：

I’ve

never

heard

such

stories

as

he

tells.

我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。

He

is

not

such

a

fool

as

he

looks.

他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。

This

is

the

same

dictionary

as

I

lost

last

week.

這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the

same

修飾時，偶爾也用

that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如：

She

wore

the

same

dress

that

she

wore

at

Mary’s

wedding.

她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的同一條連衣裙。

She

wore

the

same

dress

as

her

younger

sister

wore.

她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。

(三)

以the

way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in

which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?/p>

The

way

(that

/

in

which

)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。

I

don’t

like

the

way

(that

/

in

which)

you

laugh

at

her.

我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。

（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇

用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑Ｔ嚤容^：

A.

I

know

a

place

where

we

can

have

a

picnic.

我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。

I

know

a

place

which

/

that

is

famous

for

its

beautiful

natural

scenery.

我知道一個以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。

B.

I

will

never

forget

the

days

when

we

spent

our

holidays

together.

我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。

I

will

never

forget

the

days

that

/

which

we

spent

together.

我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過的日子。

C.

This

is

the

reason

why

he

was

dismissed.

這就是他被解雇的原因。

This

is

the

reason

that

/

which

he

explained

to

me

for

his

not

attending

the

meeting.

這就是他向我解釋的他沒有參加會議的原因。

（五）but

有時也用作關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：

There

are

very

few

but

admire

his

talents.很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。（but

=

who

don’t）

（六）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別1．定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。

The

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（定語從句）

剛剛起飛的那架飛機(jī)是開往巴黎的。

The

fact

that

he

has

already

died

is

quite

clear.

（同位語從句）

他已經(jīng)去世了，這個事實(shí)很明了。

2．定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)