上海中考英語A篇閱讀理解解題技巧講解

上海中考英語A篇閱讀理解解題技巧講解上海中考英語A篇閱讀理解解題技巧講解上海中考英語A篇閱讀理解解題技巧講解V:1.0精細整理，僅供參考上海中考英語A篇閱讀理解解題技巧講解日期：20xx年X月上海中考英語A篇閱讀理解解題技巧講解一、知識框架二、知識點梳理Ⅰ.細節(jié)理解題一、解題思路凡屬針對特定細節(jié)的考題，其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對應(yīng)的文字部分作為驗證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語，也可能是一個句子或相關(guān)的若干句子，但句式、用詞和表達方式不同。干擾項往往是主體思想與細節(jié)混雜，正確答案細節(jié)和非正確答案的細節(jié)混雜，甚至真假混雜。因此，要做好閱讀理解中的確定細節(jié)和事實的題目，一要在文章中找出相應(yīng)的信息點，二要排除干擾項?！景咐治觥縇in'senjoymentofbasketballactuallybeganinTaiwan,wherehisfatherstartedwatchingit.Lin'sfathermovedtoU.S.,andpassedonthisloveofbasketballtohisson,theyoungLinspentmuchofhisyouthplayingbasketballforfun,learningfromhisfatherandolderbrother.Buthisfamilytaughthimaboutmorethanbasketball.Aftergames,hisparentswoulddiscussnotonlyhisscorebutalsohisconducttowardotherplayers.ThistaughtLinthatcharacterwasmoreimportantthanplayingwell.74.Lin’senjoymentofbasketballstartedin.A.TaiwanB.theU.SC.HarvardUniversityD.NBA【解析】斷案—extractthekeywordinthequestionLin’senjoyment;basketball;started去案發(fā)現(xiàn)場尋找蛛絲馬跡—findtheoriginalsentenceinthepassageLin'senjoymentofbasketball;beganin=start3:找到證據(jù),破解案情—getanswersnearthesentenceLin'senjoymentofbasketballactuallybeganinTaiwanⅡ.理解推斷題一、解題思路推斷題就是根據(jù)某個事實推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語句，對與事實有關(guān)的細節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而做出合乎邏輯的判斷。二、設(shè)題方式常以infer（推斷），imply（暗示），suggest,conclude（推斷），learn,intend（意指），mean,describe,purpose等詞提問。提問方式如下：1.Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea______.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.3.Fromthestorywecanguess______.4.Whatwouldbehappyif

5.HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?6.Thewriterwritesthistextto______.7.Thewriterbelievesthat______.8.Thewritersuggeststhat______.三、解題方法1.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵?！景咐治觥縏hecontinentofAfricahasalonghistoryandarichculture,andthisisshownintraditionaldress.Youoftenfindthreecolors—red,goldandgreenintheclothing.Thefirstcolorstandsforthebloodofmillionsofpeoplewhosufferedasslaves(奴隸);thesecondisfortherichresourcesoftheAfricanearth;andthethirdrepresentsthegrasslandsofhome.76.Accordingtothepassage,red________.A)representsthesettingsunB)standsforAfricanunityC)ischosenbecauseitisabrightcolorD)isareminder(暗示)ofthesadhistoryinAfrica【解析】根據(jù)文中所呈現(xiàn)的一句話的意識是：“第一個顏色（紅色）代表著成千上萬的作為奴隸的人們的血液”答案A：代表夕陽B代表非洲的團結(jié)C被選擇因為他是一個明亮的顏色此處三個都屬于不符合文章所陳述的事實，論點。D選項說它暗示了非洲的一段傷心的歷史（從文章中的blood以及sufferedasslaves）可以得出答案。2.整合全文（段）信息進行推斷做推理題時，有時需要在弄懂全文（段）意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論?！景咐治觥緼spartofitsfortiethanniversary(周年紀念日),SesameStreethadaspecialguestonitsshow.FirstLadyMichelleObamashowedagroupofchildrenandBigBirdhowtoplant.Sheexplainedthattheseedswouldgrowintovegetables,whicharehealthyandgoodtoeat.Shealsohadamessagetotheparentswhowatchtheshowwiththeirchildren.Shesaidparentscanhelptheirchildrendothingstohavehealthylives,likegettingenoughexercise.77.Ontheprogram’sfortiethanniversary,FirstLadytriedtohelpparentslearn________.A)howtogrowandeatvegetablescorrectly B)towatchtheshowwiththeirchildren C)toteachchildrentodoenoughexercise D)theimportanceofahealthylifefortheirchildren【解析】綜合整段的含義，我們可以抓住主題內(nèi)容：在14周年的紀念日上，這個電視節(jié)目請來一個十分重要的貴賓，通過這位貴賓給孩子們演示種子如何生長成為對孩子們健康有益以及很好吃的蔬菜的同時，也給和孩子們一起看電視的家長傳達一個信息：父母可以幫助他們的孩子健康的生活。本文中的題干說道試圖幫助父母去學(xué)習什么：A/B兩個答案可以直接排除，難點就在于C/D的把握問題：文章最后一句有個關(guān)鍵詞是“l(fā)ike”后面一句只是一個舉例，不能作為一個主干的結(jié)構(gòu)去成為這題的答案，所以排除C，因此D就是最好的答案。利用語境的褒貶性進行信息推斷認真閱讀原文并找出反映語境褒貶性變化的標志性詞匯或句子，對我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進行邏輯推斷很有好處?！景咐治觥縁ifteenissuchanawfulage,Ishouldknow.IreallywishIwereeighteen.Ifyouareanadult,youcanbeyourownboss.Peoplelikemyparentsandteachersarealwaystellingmewhattodo.YouknowwhatImean.“It’stimeforbed,Sally.”O(jiān)r“Sally,you’vewatchedtoomuchTVforonenight.”“Sally,standupstraight.”“Sally,youmustimproveyourhandwriting.”Sallythis.Sallythat.NoonetellsadultswhentheygotobedornottowatchTV.Besides,adultsgettowearwhattheylike…Nowit’sgoingtobegreattobeanadult.Don’tyouagree?76.Sallyfeels__________tobetoldtodothisandthat.A.powerfulB.enjoyableC.awful D.strange【解析】方法一:反映語境褒貶性變化的標志性詞匯或句子原文:Peoplelikemyparentsandteachersarealwaystellingmewhattodo.掌握bealwaysdoing這個詞組表示有一種貶義的抱怨色彩的話,這是解題技巧方法之一.方法二:了解主人公的心理特點及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進行邏輯推斷很有好處原文：NoonetellsadultswhentheygotobedornottowatchTV.Besides,adultsgettowearwhattheylike…Nowit’sgoingtobegreattobeanadult.Don’tyouagree?Ⅲ.猜測詞義題出題趨勢考察單詞或者句子在語境中的含義【案例分析】Butslowly,theexcitementworeoff(逐漸消失)andwasreplacedbyanxiety.Linwasafraidofplayingbadly.Healwayscomparedhimselftootherplayersandgavehimselfnotimetorestup.Forthefirsttimeinhislife,henolongerenjoyedplayingbasketball.78.Theunderlinedwords“anxiety”inparagraph4probablymeansA).joyB).surpriseC).worriesD).excitement【解析】定位到原文的那句話Butslowly,theexcitementworeoff(逐漸消失)andwasreplacedbyanxiety.根據(jù)語境分析，這句話前半句表面激動逐漸消失后；再看后半句有個詞組bereplacedby可以推斷出激動沒了，被_________所取代,按照邏輯思維來看,這個詞一定是和excitement意思相反的一個詞。所以答案呼之欲出了選C?！景咐治觥縏heInternetisfulloffalseinformation.Itisimportantforusalltoavoidbeingfooledbysuchinformation.HerearethreeexamplesofInternethoaxes.69.Theunderlinedword"hoaxes"means_______.A)gamesB)websitesC)liesD)stories【解析】句中falseinformation意為“錯誤信息”，下文告訴我們avoidbeingfooledbysuchinformation，避免被騙，因此可猜測hoaxes為謊言。Ⅳ.主旨大意題一、考查形式常見的主旨大意題的考查形式：Thetextismainlyabout____.Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainpurposeis______.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelast/xxparagraph?Whatwouldbethebesttitle/headlineforthetextThisarticlemainlytellsaboutthestoryof____.Whatisthetopicofthetext?Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis____.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphdiscuss?Theparagraph(passage)dealswith_____.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext解題方法以原文為依據(jù)，不參雜個人意見，要客觀不要主觀。要克服“我認為…怎么樣”的觀點。答案是比出來的。答案要看對的，更要看更合適的，因為有時候四個答案都是對的，只能選最好的。比答案的原則是：好的＞不知道的；不知道的＞不對的。注意絕對化的詞。如果答案選項中出現(xiàn)絕對化的詞，比如：all,always,never,nothing,every等等，除非文章中使用了該類詞匯，否則，一般都要排除。答案要避免以點帶面，以偏概全。尤其是多個選項都有道理，難以挑選正確答案的時候，要注意選擇最符合題目要求的一個?！吧倒稀痹瓌t。文章中沒有提到的就當不知道，不要瞎猜，一切以文章內(nèi)容為準。【案例分析】TheInternetisfulloffalseinformation.Itisimportantforusalltoavoidbeingfooledbysuchinformation.HerearethreeexamplesofInternethoaxes.69.Theunderlinedword"hoaxes"means_______.A)gamesB)websitesC)liesD)stories【解析】句中falseinformation意為“錯誤信息”，下文告訴我們avoidbeingfooledbysuchinformation，避免被騙，因此可猜測hoaxes為謊言。【課堂小練】A.Choosethebestanswer(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?:DearAddie,GreetingsfromNewJersey,howisNewZealandI’mveryexcitedtohaveyouasmypenpal.Iguessit’smyturntotellyouaboutmyself.Firstoff,Ilivewithmyparents,twosisters,andourpetdogBrighty.OurtowniscalledWhippangong.Itisonlyaboutahalf-hourawayfromNewYorkCity.Myoldestsister,Ingrid,justturned17,thatmeansshenowhasadriver’slicense.Shedrivesustothemall.DoyouhaveamallnearyouinTeAwamutuMyothersisteris11andhernameisLucy.IguessIwouldsaythatsheismybestfriend.Westillfight,though.SherideshorsesandtakeslessonseverySaturdaymorning.Ihavetogowithhersometimes,andthatistrulythemostboringthingintheworld.Doyoulikehorses

Itaketapdancingclasses.Iliketopracticeinthefoodstore.Thesoundofmyfeetsteppingonthehardfloorsechoes(發(fā)出回聲).Iplayscoresinthefall;I’montheswimteamduringthesummer.Ilikeswim,butIamreallylookingforwardtodivingthisyear.NextyearIwillstartmusiclessonsinschool.IthinkIamgoingtoplaythepiano.Ourhousehaseightroomsandasmallbackyardwhereeveryyearwetrytogrowvegetables.Wemostlygetzucchinibecausetherabbitseateverythingelse.Iguessrabbitsdon’tlikezucchini.Ihaveabikeandmumallowsmetorideupanddownourstreet,butnowhereelse.IhopethatIwillgettorideittoschoolsomeday.RightnowIridethecrowedandyuckybus.Well,thatisenoughaboutmefornow.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyouagainsoon.Ihopeyoursurfinglessonswentwell.AndIhopeyourmumdoseletyoulearntoplaythedrums.WritesoonLove,Jessica1.Inthisletter,Jessicadoesn’ttalkabout.A)herfamilynumbersB)hersparetimeC)herhouseD)herambition2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fall”meanhere

.A)跌倒B)降落C)秋天D)瀑布3.Jessicathinksridinghorsesisvery.A)differentB)foolC)excitingD)frightening4.Zucchiniislikelytobeakindof.A)animalsB)vegetableC)flowerD)fruit5.WhichofthefollowingisTURE?.A)JessicalikesLucyverymuchbuttheydon’talwaysgetalong.B)Peoplebelow18can’tgetdrivinglicensesinNewJerseyC)Jessicausuallygoestoschoolbybike,butsometimesbybus.D)IngridgetstotakeridinglessonsandJessicawishesshecould,too.6.WhatmightbeAddie’sproblem?

A)Shecan’ttakesurfinglessons.B)Shewantstoplaythedrums.C)Therearenomallsnearherhouse.D)Shehasnofamily.鞏固練習(1)Choosethebestanswer(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?:Mostgreatinventorsoftenmetwithmuchtroubleintheirwork.Beforetheycouldsucceed,theyhadtoovercomethousandsofdifficultieswhichwereputintheirway.Thefollowingisoneofsuchexamples.GeorgeStephenson(1781—1848),afamousBritishinventor,madethefirsttrainin1825,usingasteamengine.Whenhewasexperimentingwiththeengineonthetrain,hemetwithtroublefromthegovernment,thenewspapersandthegentlemeninthecountry.Theysaidthatthenoiseandthesmokewouldkillcows,horsesandsheepandthattheenginewouldburst(爆炸)thatthehotcoalsfromitwouldsetfiretotheirhouses.Peoplebelievedwhattheysaid.GeorgeStephensontoldthepeoplethatthetraincouldgoonsmallrails,couldpullcarriages(車廂)fullofgoods(貨物)andpassengersandthattherewasnogreatdangertothem.Itwasaverydifficultmatterforhimtomakethembelieve.However,aftersometime,hewasabletodoit,andthefirsttrainthatwasdrivenbyGeorgeStephensonhimselfprovedwhathehadsaid.Onthetraintherewasanewsteamengine.Itwasinventedbyhim,andwasprovedacompletesuccess.Thefirstdaywhenthetrainranontherails,peoplealongthewayheardthenoiseofthetraininthedistance,andsawitrunningquicklytothem.Theythoughtitwasagenie(妖怪).Theyranquicklybackhomeforfearanduntilithadpassed.Aweeklateranoldwomanstillsaidthatherhenhadbeensofrightenedthatithadn'tlaidanyeggsforthreedays.( )1.Thestorytellsussomethingabout_______.A.thelifeofGeorgeStephensonB.theinventionofthetrainC.thetroubleofGeorgeStephensoninhisinventionD.theuseoftheengineonthetrain( )2.ThefirsttrainwasmadeinBritain_______.A.in1848B.in1825C.in1781D.from1781to1848( )3.Troublescamefrom_______duringtheexperimentwiththeengineonthetrain.A.thegovernmentB.thenewspapersC.thegentlemeninthecountryD.notonlyAandB,butalsoC( )4.Peoplealongthewaywere_______whenthefirsttrainranontherails.A.greatlyfrightenedB.veryhappyC.runningquicklytoitD.proudoftheinvention( )5.Peopleranquicklybackhomebecausetheythought_______.A.ageniewascomingB.thetrainwouldkillthemC.thetrainwouldsetfiretotheirhouseD.thesmokewouldmakeithardtobreathe( )6.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneisNOTTRUE?

A.GeorgeStephensoninventedthefirsttrainwhenhewas44.B.Thesteamenginegotpowerfromburningcoals.C.Thefirsttrainwasdrivenbytheinventorhimself.D.Ahenwillnotlayanyeggsforthreedayswhenitseesatrainforthefirsttime.(2)It'snoteasytobeanastronaut'sson.Everybodyexpectsyoutobespecialorperfect.Ioftenwonderhowmyfathereverhadasonlikeme.Imeanhe'ssospecialandsogoodateverythinghedoes.Eveninmiddleschoolhewasclasspresidentandcaptainofthefootballteam.Well,tobehonest,Ioftendreamaboutbeingsomekindofheroordoingsomethingspecial—likesavingachildfromaburningbuildingordiscoveringanewstar.IwasdaydreamingatschoolonemorningwhenmyteachersaidtherewouldbeaFather'sDaywritingcompetitionforthewholeschool."Ihopewehaveawinnerrighthereinmyclass,"myteachersaid.WhenIgothome,Istartedtothinkaboutwhattowrite.Myfatherisanastronaut.No,Iwouldn'tstartlikethat.Thatwasthewayotherssawhim.HowdidIseemyfather

Hmm,IsawhimsittingwithmeinthedarkwhenIhadaterribledream.IrememberedhowhehuggedmeforhourswhenmydogSpottywaskilledbyacar.Yes,thesewerethethingsIwasgoingtowrite.Tome,hewasn'tjustaworld-famousastronaut.Hewasmydad.Myparentsand1wenttoschoolonThursdaynight.Thereweresomanypeopleinthebighall!Mydadlookedatme,andIshrugged(聳肩).Thethirdprizewasannouncedanditwasnotme.Iwasrelievedbutstilldisappointedatthesametime.Thenthesecondprizewasannounced.Itwasme.IwentuptothestageandreadwhatIhadwritten,"Myfather'sson".WhenIfinished,thepeoplestoodupandcheered.Isawmyfatherblowinghisnose.Tearswererunningdownmymother'sface.Dadclearedhisthroatandputhishandonmyshoulder."Son,thisistheproudestmomentofmylife."Itwastheproudestmomentofmylife,.too.MaybeI'llneverbeagreatheroorwinaNobelPrize,butitisenoughjusttobemyfather'sson.( )1Thewriterfeltit________tobethesonofafamousperson.A.lucky B.natural C.hardD.pleasant( )2.Thewriterwouldliketosaveachildfromaburningbuildinginorderto________.A.becomeanastronaut B.becomeagreatheroC.bemadeschoolteamcaptainD.bemadeclasspresident( )3.Therewasa________schoolwritingcomposition.A.Father'sDayB.Mother'sDayC.OpenDayD.Children'sDay( )4.Inthecompositiontheboyprobablywrote________.A.alotofspecialthingshehaddoneB.thestoryofhisfatherasanastronautC.theunforgettabletimehespentwithhisfatherD.theexperienceshisfatherhadinmiddleschool( )5.Theword"relieved"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans"________".A.happyB.coolC.stupidD.relaxed( )6.Thewriterfeltproudwhenhe________.A.gotaprizeinawritingcompetitionB.wonaNobelPrizeC.savedachildfromaburningbuildingD.discoveredanewstar(3)TheAmazonrainforestishometomillionsofdifferentkindsofanimals,plantsandbirds.Mostoftheworld'sfreshwaterishereandtheforestplantscleantheearth'saireveryday.ChicowasbornneartheAmazontown,Brazil(巴西),in1944andstartedworkingwhenhewasveryyoung.Liketherestofhisfamily,theboygotthemoneybytakingalittlerubberfromthetreesintheforest.(Thetreesarenothurt-whentherubberistaken.)Theforestanditspeoplelivedtogethercomfortablyandpeacefully.Butsomepeoplethinktoomuchaboutthemselvesandneverthinkaboutthefuture.In1980,theforestwasburnedtobuildroads,housesandfactories.Chicowasangry;hewantedtosavetheforest!Hetalkedtothegovernmentworkers,buttheydidn'tlistentohim.Theywerestillclearingtherainforeststomakequick,easymoney."Manyvoicesarestrongerthanone,"hethought,soChicoheldgroupmeetings.Hediscoveredthathundredsofpeopleagreedwithhim.Hishopegrew.Morepeoplecametogethertotrytostoptheworkoftheforestclearers.Largeareasoftheforestweresaved.Laterhetraveledtomanyothercountriesforinternationalhelp.PeoplesoonbecameverymuchinterestedinthisbraveBrazilian.InthenextfewyearsChico'snamebecamefamousallovertheworld.ThegovernmentofBrazilstartedmakingplanstoprotectlargeareasoftheAmazonrainforest.ButasChico'sdreamsstartedcomingtrue,someonestoppedhimintheonlypossibleway.ThefamousforestfighterwasmurderedrightoutsidehishomeonDecember22,1988.Chico'slifewascutshort,buthisbravenewideascontinuedinotherpeople.Onemanchangedtheworld'sideas.Afterhisdeath,peoplearoundtheworldsentmoneytohelpChico'swork.( )1.Chicowasbornin________.A.AmericaB.BrazilC.ChinaD.Canada( )2.YoungChicogotmoneyby________inAmazonrainforest.A.raisingkindsofanimalsB.sellingwoodC.takingalittlerubberfromthetreesD.buildingroads,housesandfactories( )3.Theunderlinedword"they"inparagraph3refersto________.A.governmentworkersB.peoplewhoburnedtheforestC.someforeignpeopleD.forestfighters( )4.Chicodidthefollowingthingsexcept________aftertheforestwasburned.A.talkingtothegovernmentworkersB.holdinggroupmeetingsC.stoppingtheworkoftheforestclearersD.clearingtherainforeststomakemoney( )5.Chicowasmurderedin________.A.1944B.1980C.1988D.2001( )6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.MillionsofdifferentkindsofanimalsandplantsliveintheAmazonrainforest.B.Chicowasangrywhentheforestwasdestroyedbysomepeople.C.Nopeopleagreedtosavetheforestatthebeginning.D.Chicocalledonpeoplefrommanyothercountriestosavetheforest.(4)Sandyslucky,isn’theHisparentsaretakinghimtoFranceinthesummer.It'sagreatplaceforholidays,especiallyfromBritain,asit'ssoeasytogetthere.OnthequickEurostartrainservice,youneedonlythreehourstotravelbetweenLondonandParis.Onceyou'vearrivedintheFrenchcapital,thewholecitywaitsforyoutospendyourfrancsinitsshops,cafesandrestaurants.Franceisatourist'sdream.It'salandoflovelybeachesandithasbeautifulcountrysidetoexplore.Franceisfullofprettyseasidevillages,fashionableMediterranean(地中海)townsandicyskiresorts(滑雪勝地)intheAlps.There'sDisneylandinParistoo.Ofcourseyoumustgettoknowthecapitalitself—Paris,the"CityofLights".It’sahistoriccountryoffamousplacesandpeople.Justthink—theEiffelTowerinPariswasbuiltin1888anditwasthetallestbuildingintheworlduntil1930.FamouspainterssuchasMonet,MatisseandRenoirwerebornthereandtheymadeFrancetheartcenteroftheworld.Deliciouscheeses