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SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1(10points)Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenly sensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whiightindicatethedangerof1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][B][C][D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A]even[B]if[C]only[D]as[B][C][D]8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A]at[B]at[C]at[D]at13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A] [C][D]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A]similar[B]such[C]along[D]aside ReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearntholleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Geia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrsareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrwithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompleymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic posingajustifyinganmakingaexplainingaThestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)implies monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackresentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachnoanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchFemalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearostprobablybecausethey moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyattentivetoresearchers’niceinbothappearanceandmoregenerousthantheirmaleDr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthe prefer stocanbetaughttoexchangewillnotbeco-operativeiffeelingareunhappywhenseparatedfromWhatcanweinferfromthelastMonkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialHumanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainAnimalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansCooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyintheDoyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandtheernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,tolusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefiniywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.TheoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:thetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.Fortunay,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthe’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyysis”.Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwas therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokingandthenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswaspeoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayofantismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingAccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserve aaaaWhatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysis ysis”(Lastline,ParagraphEndlessstudieskillCarefulinvestigationrevealsPrudentplanninghindersExtensiveresearchhelpsdecision-Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalOfferaidtobuildcleanerpowerRaisepublicawarenessofPressforfurtherscientificTakesomelegislativeTheauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmoking theybothsufferedfrom ernment’salessonfromthelatterisapplicabletothe eofthelatteraggravatesthebothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoOfallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearchersthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofinlectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,tintheirsleep.Atoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleeor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromathe.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.Researchershavecometobelievethat canbemodifiedintheiraresusceptibletoemotionalreflectourinnermostdesiresandarea eofneuralByreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendsto itsfunctioninourthemechanismofREMtherelationofdreamstoitsdifferencefromtheprefrontalThenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytend aggravateinourunconsciousdevelopintohappypersisttillthetimewefallshowupindreamsearlyatCartwrightseemstosuggest wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbadvisualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemunderdreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturaldreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheWhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebadLeadyourlifeasSeekprofessionalExerciseconsciousAvoidanxietyintheAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,ngOurOwnThing:TheDegradationoflanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthe al,“ngourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentoprbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighly al,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphinerspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr. sisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievinerthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onprplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformal isinevitableinradicaleducationisbutalltoonaturalinlanguagehascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesintheTheword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3) TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyLogicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewayweBlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardNon-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasOfallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowsthe interestintheirappreciationoftheiradmirationfortheircontemptfortheirold-Accordingtothelastparagraph, rplates”isto“china” “temporary”isto“radical”isto“functional”isto“humble”istoPartInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Canada’ss(theleadersofprovincialernments),iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,together,toreducehealth-careThey’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalWhattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare—tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts—mendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial—provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”anizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince—oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince—negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.AsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrug mendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.Predictably,andregrettably,Quebecrefusedtojoin.Afewsaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfew,ifany,stringsattached.That’sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn’tgoneanywhere,whiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.slovetoquoteMr.Romanow’sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoney.Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovideernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”SowhenthesgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients. toanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.OneoftheadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec’sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent!OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby’sreport:“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.”Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirby mendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthanernmentrevenues.AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigherprices.So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovetheycanrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.Ofcourse,thepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatway.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,ifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn’tlikeanationalagency,butself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnews econfused,andone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.(46)evisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoyzetheEuropeanevisionscene.(47)InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful;groupswhichbringtogetherevision,radio,newsprs,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibleevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.(48)Thisalonedemonstratesthattheevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeanevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligeevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.(49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice—thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theexchangeofnews,aryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforofaEuropeanbankforevisionProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.(50)Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay,“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”—andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry. IPartTwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,linghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameatoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(202005年答案與SectionIUseof一、文章題材結(jié)二、試but但是，表轉(zhuǎn)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏輯搭【難度系數(shù)】【解析】從選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容和文章中句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷空要求填入一個(gè)表示前后兩個(gè)句子邏輯關(guān)系的連詞，空前的句子談到“和動(dòng)物相比，人類經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是不敏感的”，空后談到這主要是由于是直立行走的（動(dòng)物）。顯然后句是說(shuō)明人類不敏感的原因，既然人類不敏感是有原因的，那么反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)的就。aboveunlike不像beside除……【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】有B。limitedto)committed(to)獻(xiàn)身dedicated(to)confinedto)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】【解析】空所在的句子開(kāi)頭用“thismeans…”，顯然這是對(duì)上面一句的繼續(xù)解釋，句子說(shuō)“的鼻子感受CD，confine表示在大范圍的限定，而且數(shù)量或這范圍是明確的，這里空氣中顯覺(jué)到依附于地面的氣味不能說(shuō)是人的愿望，故不能選。catchingmissingtracking【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】therefore【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】【解析infactinfact后面的內(nèi)容可以看出，這里是引出實(shí)能表示讓步的連詞只有B。evenififonly但onlyif只asif【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】間應(yīng)該構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，表示雖然不能這一點(diǎn)，但這一結(jié)論是作為事實(shí)存在的。故答案為A。distinguishingdiscoveringdetecting【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】【解析】空前面的句子已經(jīng)明確了人類嗅覺(jué)強(qiáng)于動(dòng)物的結(jié)論，空所在的句子談到的是的鼻子能怎么樣表示感覺(jué)、察覺(jué)的詞只有D，故答案為D。diluteddiffused【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】以判斷這里應(yīng)該表示這些味道稀釋到百萬(wàn)分之一，故答案為A。when當(dāng)……since自……for因【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】故答案為D。unusualtypical【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】給出了解釋：這可能是一些人不具備某些，這些對(duì)在鼻子中生成的氣味接受器非常必要。既然已這種選擇性又是由于能產(chǎn)生特定氣味的接受器，故答案為B。stimuli刺激(物messagesimpulses【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】示信息方面的，而且應(yīng)該是一種無(wú)形的，這里能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這一含義的只有C。at首先，起atall根本，全atlargeattimes【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】答案為A。subjected(to)受……leftto)drawnto)exposedto)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】表示這一行為的動(dòng)詞為D，故答案為D。ineffectiveinefficient【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】【解析】空的語(yǔ)境為：對(duì)氣味的不敏感似乎可以解釋為大腦要保持所有一直工作是的。顯然這里是對(duì)大腦這一行為的評(píng)價(jià)，從前文談到的內(nèi)容可以判斷出大腦是有選擇性的保持部分工作的，從判introducetriggercreate【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】果有必要的話，大腦可以讓新的工作，這里談到是新的，說(shuō)明這些接受器是大腦創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的，能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這一創(chuàng)造的詞只能又能夠D，故答案為D。still【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】為例來(lái)說(shuō)明上面的觀點(diǎn)，也就是說(shuō)上文的內(nèi)容可以解釋人不能聞到自身的氣味，這和上句在內(nèi)容上構(gòu)成了并列關(guān)系，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B表示內(nèi)容上的并列，故答案為B。(be)sure(of)對(duì)……(be)sickof)對(duì)……(be)aware(of)注意(be)tired(of)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】合上面的結(jié)論，應(yīng)該是對(duì)自己的氣味無(wú)意識(shí)，而對(duì)一個(gè)新房子的味道是能感覺(jué)到的，故本空選C，下空選D。toleraterepelnotice【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】【解析】見(jiàn)上題分析availablereliable可依靠identifiable可識(shí)別suitable【答案】【考點(diǎn)】搭【難度系數(shù)】號(hào)，比如煙的味道……。表達(dá)的意思也就是大腦最好的方式是使氣味能接受所有不熟悉或者緊急的信號(hào)，keep…available表示使……可用，正合此語(yǔ)境，故答案為A。similartosuchasalongwith連同……asidefrom除……【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏【難度系數(shù)】三、全直立的。這就意味著的鼻子只限于感知在空氣中飄過(guò)的氣味，而遺漏了大多數(shù)附著在物體表面的氣味。然而，實(shí)際上，對(duì)氣味非常敏感，即便通常意識(shí)不到這一點(diǎn)。即使把人類氣味的濃度稀釋到不及原來(lái)的百萬(wàn)分之一，的鼻子仍然能夠察覺(jué)到它的存在。這可能是因?yàn)榍罢呷狈σ环N，這種能夠在鼻子里產(chǎn)生某種特定氣味感受器。這些感受器是一些可生新的感受器。這也可以解釋為什么總是對(duì)自己的氣味不敏感——不過(guò)是不需要而已。察覺(jué)不到自己家中慣有的氣味，但是當(dāng)拜訪其他人的家時(shí)就會(huì)注意到不熟悉的氣味。大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)最好讓氣味感受 PartA一、文章題材結(jié)這是一篇議。這是一篇關(guān)于動(dòng)物行為與動(dòng)物心理的文章。文章首段通過(guò)首先介紹人憎恨的行為二、試 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】主【難度系數(shù)】當(dāng)知道懶散的同事拿到比自己的薪水時(shí)，每個(gè)人都會(huì)很氣憤，接著，人會(huì)對(duì)不公正待遇感到，并被認(rèn)為只有人才能夠有這樣一種感受，實(shí)際上是假定了其他動(dòng)物沒(méi)有這種高度發(fā)達(dá)的，接下來(lái)作者話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，：研究表明，猴子也有這種感受。從后面的內(nèi)容可以看出文章的中心就是的猴子具有的這種情感，顯然猴子和人的這種情感是類似的，作者是用一種類比法引出中心論點(diǎn)的，故答案CAcontrast意思是對(duì)照，是比較兩個(gè)事物的不同點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)不同之處，不符合原文的人與猴子是22．(第一段最后一行)的句子“itisalltoomonkey”意味 怨恨也是猴子的天【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞【難度系數(shù)】【解析】解答本題的信息在第一段。作者在第一段談到人類對(duì)的待遇表現(xiàn)不滿時(shí)正常的，而且是人都會(huì)做出這種反應(yīng)（alltoohuman）。接著提到在《自然》雜志上的一篇關(guān)于動(dòng)物行為的文章，說(shuō)明動(dòng)物在類似的情況下也會(huì)有這種反應(yīng)（alltoomonkey）。文章在接下來(lái)的段落中并以雌性卷尾猴中所做的研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)證明了動(dòng)物與人類在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的共性，由此可以得出答案為B。 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】事【難度系數(shù)】并樂(lè)意食物。最重要的是，和女性人類一樣，它們比雄性更注重“物品與服務(wù)”的價(jià)值。接著作者在下一案為A。 可以被交換物如果覺(jué)得受了就不會(huì)合【答案】【考點(diǎn)】事【難度系數(shù)】相互合作的群居動(dòng)物。只有當(dāng)每只猴子感到自己沒(méi)有受到時(shí)，這種合作才可能穩(wěn)定。有這句話，容易得出答案為C。人類的源自什么不得而知【答案】【考點(diǎn)】推【難度系數(shù)】還是來(lái)自三千五百萬(wàn)年前他們共同祖先，這還是一個(gè)懸而未決的問(wèn)題”。從這句話可以得出答案為B。三、長(zhǎng)Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.【解析】withtheunderlyingassumption作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，assumptionthat引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋前面的名詞assumption?！咀g文】這樣的行為被看作是“人之常情”，它潛在的假定是其他動(dòng)物不可能有這種高度發(fā)達(dá)的不滿意ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Geia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.【解析】句子的主干是astudy…suggeststhat…。其中主語(yǔ)study有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)：一個(gè)是介詞結(jié)ySarah也是“猴之常情”。這項(xiàng)研究成果剛剛在《自然》雜志上。However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedin