美國文選作家介紹課件

NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)NovelistShortStoryWriterOneoftheCentralFiguresofAmericanRenaissance(1830-1860)MajorWorksNovels1828:

Fanshawe

范肖1850:

TheScarletLetter紅字1851:

TheHouseoftheSevenGables帶七個尖角閣的房子1852:

TheBlithedaleRomance福谷傳奇1860:

TheMarbleFaun玉石雕像ShortStories1837:

Twice-ToldTales故事重述1846:

MossesfromanOldManse古宅青苔YoungGoodmanBrown

好小伙子布朗TheMinister’sBlackVeil

教長的黑面紗Biography1852:

TheLifeofFranklinPierce富蘭克林·皮爾斯傳Hawthorne'sAestheticThinking(1)Hetookagreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity.Tohimthesefurnishthesoilonwhichhismindgrowstofruition.(2)HewasconvincedthatromancewasthepredestinedformofAmericannarrative.Totellthetruthandsatirizeandyetnottooffend:ThatwaswhatHawthornehadinmindtoachieve.AboutTheScarletLetterTheScarletLettertoldastoryofapuritanwomanHesterPrynnewhowaspunishedtowearascarletAwhichstoodforthecrimeofadultery.TheprettyyoungladytriedtosettledowninBostonwithheroldanduglyhusbandChillinggworth,ascholar.Butthelatterdidnotappearforyears.Duringthistime,HestercommittedadulterywithalocalMinsterDimmesdale,andgavebirthtoagirlPearl.Facingtheterriblepunishment,Hesterrefusedtogiveherlover’snameawaytoprotecthim.Yearslater,thehusbandChillinggworthcametothetownandfoundoutthewholetruth,andheoperatedanhorrorrevengeonDimmesdale,withhidinghisowntruename.Yet,asthestorygoing,HesterandDimmesdalebecamesympatheticfigures,whileChillinggworthwasadevilatlast.

紅字簡介《紅字》講了一個美國清教女人的故事，海斯特·白蘭。她因為通奸而被懲罰佩戴一個猩紅的A字，A字是通奸單詞adultery的首字母。這個年輕漂亮的女人是和她又老又丑的丈夫齊靈渥斯打算在波斯頓定居，但是她丈夫卻幾年都未曾出現(xiàn)。在這期間，海斯特和當?shù)氐哪翈煷髅浪勾鳡柾椴⑸铝艘粋€女兒珠兒。為了保護她的情人，海斯特獨自接受懲罰也不肯透露他的名字。但是幾年后，她的丈夫來到了這個小鎮(zhèn)并且發(fā)現(xiàn)整個事實，找出了那個情人，于是他展開了恐怖的復(fù)仇計劃。然而隨著故事的發(fā)展，海斯特和戴美斯戴爾成了受人同情的角色，而齊靈渥斯最終成了一個惡魔。

Symbolizations1.ThesymbolicmeaningsofthescarletLetter

A2.ThesymbolicmeaningsofnamesofcharactersandthesymbolicmeaningsofthecharactersAdultery通奸Adam亞當America政教合一時代的美國Able能干Angel/Angelic天使Amicable和睦友好的女人

Influence

OneofthemostfamousAmericannovelistsThemostfamousAmericanromanticnovelistin19centuryHisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticmovementand,morespecifically,darkromanticism（黑色浪漫主義).NathanielHawthorneisamasterofsymbolismTheScarletLetter:thefirstsymbolicnoveltobewrittenintheUnitedStatesOnefamoussymbolismnovelistThefounderofAmericanpsychologicalnovelistHisworksremainnotablefortheirtreatmentofguiltandthecomplexitiesofmoralchoices.HermanMelville(1819~1891)Melvillewasbornin1819toastatusandprosperitythatabruptlyvanishedwhenhisfatherfailedinbusiness.AllanMelvillediedinsane,leavinghiswifetoraiseeightchildrenonthescantfundswealthyrelativeswouldspare.Hisexperienceandadventureontheseafurnishedhimwithabundantmaterialforfiction.Melvillehadtodohackworkforthemoneyheneededtokeephiswifeinherextravagantstyle.MelvillesawinHawthornetheoneAmericanwhowasexpressivelyawareoftheevilatthecoreofAmericanlife.HefoundHawthorne'sunderstandingofevil,thatblacknessofvision,unusuallyfascinating.Redburn《萊德伯恩》Typee《泰比》Omoo《奧姆》MobyDick《白鯨》Mardi《瑪?shù)亍稺hiteJacket《白外套》Pierre《皮埃爾》BillyBudd《比利巴德》TheConfidenceMan《騙子》Clarel

《克拉勒爾》Masterpieces

MobyDick(1851)

HermanMelville

MobyDickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.

EvaluationMobyDickis,criticshaveagreed,oneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces.Togettoknowthe19thcenturyAmericanmindandAmericaitself,onehastoreadthisbook.Itisanencyclopediaofeverything,history,philosophy,religion,etc.inadditiontoadetailedaccountoftheoperationsofthewhalingindustry.“Toscalegreatheights,wemustcomeoutofthelowestdepths.Thewaytoheavenisthroughhell.Weneedfierybaptism（洗禮）inthefierceflamesofourbosoms（內(nèi)心）.”

（欲攀登高峰，必先脫離深淵；欲登天堂，必先途經(jīng)地獄。我們需要經(jīng)受發(fā)生在內(nèi)心的熊熊烈火的洗禮。）

Summary:ThisworkisMelville'smasterpiece,whichistheepicstoryofthewhalingshipPequodandits"ungodly,god-likeman,"CaptainAhab,whoseobsessivequestforthewhitewhaleMoby-Dickleadstheshipanditsmentodestruction.

ThemesA.OneofthemajorthemesinMelvilleisalienation（錯亂間離）,whichhesensedexistinginthelifeofhistimeondifferentlevels,betweenmanandman,manandsociety,andmanandnature.

ThemesB.criticismagainstEmersonian（愛默生式的）self-reliantindividual:Ahabistoomuchofaself-reliantindividualtobeagoodhumanbeing.Hestandsaloneonhisownonelegamongthemillionsofthepeopledearth.Forhimtheonlylawishisownwill.Tohimtheworldexistsforhisownsake.Hisselfhoodmustbeassertedattheexpenseofallelse.Thewhale,MobyDickThewhale,MobyDick,symbolizesnatureforMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable（深不可測的）,malignant（惡意的）,andbeautifulaswell.ForthecharacterAhab,however,thewhalerepresentsonlyevil.MobyDickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.AhabwillsthewholecrewonthePequodtojoinhiminthepursuitofthebigwhalesoastopierce（穿透)thewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisownconsumingdesire,hismadness.ThewhitenessofMobyDickisaparadoxical(矛盾）color,signifyingdeathandcorruptionaswellaspurity,innocenceandyouth;itrepresentsthefinalmysteryoftheuniverse.

Fortheauthor,aswellasforthereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatemysteryoftheuniverse,inscrutable（神秘的）andambivalent（矛盾的）,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth

HowdoesCaptainAhabshowhishate?