2005-2015歷年考研英語一完形填空真題

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause，2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact5,weareextremelysensitivetosmellsQwedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.ThismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogeneratelOsmellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsendlltothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay1_6explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while[A]above[B]unlike[?excluding[D]besides3?[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif7?[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused9?[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarge[D]attimes[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice

[A]available[A]similarto[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable

[A]available[A]similartoThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.lhomelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8,oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearlyl9millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.^whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReedynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it."Therehastobe20ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal."[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain[A]in[B]for[C]with[D]toward4?[A]raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep5.[A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D]Not6?[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ[A]Nowthat[B]Although[C]Provided[D]Exceptthat[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing[D]extending[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss[A]Hence[B]But[C]Even[D]Only[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance[A]around[B]over[C]on[D]up[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary□compensating里.[A]So[B]Since[C]As[D]Thus[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes[A]supervision[B]manipulation[?regulation[D]coordinationBy1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20millionlofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.Ontheissueof§ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch，9，therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4?[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5?[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6?[A]Presumable[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally7?[A]unique[B]common[?particular[D]typical[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded遼.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher[A]created[B]produced[?contributed[D]preferred[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedforTheideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranisItosayitanyway.Heisthatgbird’ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthel2oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13heyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts，14avepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.Thelattewasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18isargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateofaffairs.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against[A]subsequently[B]presently[?previously[D]lately[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7?[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9?[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11?[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuousResearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.lthefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseita7process-insteaddependsonlearning-ofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.InsteadofcastingawistfulglancelOatallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhattherealllofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmallscalestudyinoperantconditioning.Webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya^9question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4?[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7?[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think[A]invisible[B]limited[?indefinite[D]differentT0.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance1?.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach遼.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]BetterstillIn1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlightingworkers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesendedgivingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathattheverytobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.TheideaarosebecauseofthebehaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingtooftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnotwhatwasdoneintheexperiment;somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobetoalterworkers'behavioritself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedataweretoeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestorethedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematicwasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehavelettointerpretationofwhathapped.,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,outputrosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workerstobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,beforeaplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof4?[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous5?[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas8?[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion9?[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by[A]compared[B]shown[?subjected[D]conveyed[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto[A]evidence[B]guidance[Complication[D]source[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued20.[A]breaking[B]climbing?surpassing[D]hittingAncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But---__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual'semotionalstate.__11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwurzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile一orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles___18___moreexuberantlytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.___20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood..[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2?[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3?[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4?[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7?[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8?[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9?[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internalll.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]AsforT2.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyondE」A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[?Similarly[D]ConverselyTheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt'sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt'sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt'slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]loads[D]applies[C]similarity[D]conflict[B]as[C]though[D]towards[B]since[C]provided[D]though[D]replace[C]cultivate[C]studied[C]divisions[C]similarity[D]conflict[B]as[C]though[D]towards[B]since[C]provided[D]though[D]replace[C]cultivate[C]studied[C]divisions[A]line[B]barrier[A]by[A]so[D]offer[D]tied[D]conceptions[D]offer[D]tied[D]conceptions[B]express[B]followed[B]theories[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls[A]confirm[A]guarded[A]concepts[A]excludes[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresultPeopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1__theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby__2___factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.__4___,hetheorisedthatajudge__5___ofapperaringtoosoft__6__crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7___hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.To__8__thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the__9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers__10___randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas__11___.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews__12___by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad__13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale__14___numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere__15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis__16___outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone__17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould__18___byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto__19___theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen__20___..[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2?[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external3?[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]external4?[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall5?[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8?[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]success9?[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments.”3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.1?[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2?[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4?[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5?[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7?[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8?[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9?[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[?Otherwise[D]However[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around￥」A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]fle