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ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--1一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式

過去分詞只有一種形式。△現(xiàn)在分詞:beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式△

過2二、功能1.作表語2.作定語3.作狀語4.作賓語補足語--二、功能1.作表語--3I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

(定語)

1.位置:單個分詞位于名詞前,短語則在名詞后,被過去分詞所修飾的名詞,就是該分詞的邏輯主語。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt42.作用---相當于一個定語從句

(2)Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?(1)Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注:Theproblem(discussedyesterday)

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem(beingdiscussednow)

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

(表示完成)(表示正在進行)--2.作用---相當于一個定語從句(2)Thebook,w5

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive(表語)1.過去分詞作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài),

其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別?,F(xiàn)在分詞:主語的特征或性質,“令人…”,有主動意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!過去分詞:主語的感受,“感到…”,有被動意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused6常見的這類此有:interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常見的這類此有:--7Thisriverispolluted.譯:這條河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

譯:這條河是被那家化工廠給污染的?!镞^去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別:Thewindowsareclosed.譯:窗戶是關著的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.譯:窗戶是被杰克關起來的過去分詞作表語,表狀態(tài),相當于一個形容詞;在被動語態(tài)中,過去分詞表動作,常由by引出動作的發(fā)出者。(過去分詞作表語,表狀態(tài))(過去分詞構成被動語態(tài),表動作)--Thisriverispolluted.★過去分詞作表8III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(賓語補足語)1.表“希望,要求”的動詞:

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast92.表“感覺,心理狀態(tài)”的動詞:see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(賓語)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感覺,心理狀態(tài)”的動詞:see,hear,f10過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別:三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關系,但過去分詞強調他們之間的被動關系,不帶to的不定式強調動作發(fā)生的全過程,doing強調他們之間的主動關系,正在進行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的Isawherc113.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without+賓語+賓補(過去分詞)”這一結構中,過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep12IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(狀語)過去分詞作狀語相當于狀語從句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.過去分詞作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth13e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.過去分詞作條件狀語相當于條件狀語從句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.過去分詞作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll14e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.過去分詞作讓步狀語相當于讓步狀語從句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴隨情況時可以轉換為一個并列的謂語成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t15過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上對應的連詞when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意:帶有連詞的過去分詞結構相當于一個省略句,省略的部分為主語+be的相應變化形式.--過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上16注意:1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別_______________London(夜里參觀倫敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(當有人夜里來訪)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞,關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞和主句的主語是主動關系,分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞,反之就用過去分詞。--注意:_______________London(夜里參觀17_____________________________(寫完了所有的信之后),Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信寫完之后),thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished從山頂看,我們能看到一個美麗的公園。

從山頂看,公園很美麗。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________18____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin;bedressedin;

beinterestedin;bedevotedto;

besupposedto;becaughtintherain;

beseatedin;bepreparedfor;

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表結構表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有:--____inthought,healmostran19generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法:一般說來,鑒于,根據(jù)…來看,考慮到,假如,說到,鑒于,由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法:20習題:1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

譯:我看見那個小偷被警察抓住了。(過去分詞短語作賓語補足語,表被動。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon譯:我看見他正在上車。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語,表主動。動作正在進行。)3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

譯:我準備明天理發(fā)。(過去分詞作賓補,表被動。)--習題:1.Wesawthethief_________21—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--224)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost5)Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby(e.g.gethurtgetexcited

getpleased)CD--(e.g.gethurtge236)._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.HavingnotreceivedC7).

____inhernewskirt,shetriedtomakeherself____attheparty.A.Dressed;noticedB.Dressing;noticedC.Dressed;noticingD.Dressing;beingnoticing9).____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterA.GivingB.GivenC.GiveD.TogiveB(he和receive是主謂關系,且receive先于decide之前發(fā)生。)A--6)._____areply,hedecidedt2410).Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvitedA11).____byhisteachers,hehasmadegreatprogressinhislesson.A.HelpingB.TohelpC.HelpD.HelpedD12).____histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.KnowingnotB.NotknownC.NotknowingD.NotknowC--10).Unless___tospeak,you2513).___,thelittleboyislivingahappylife.TakinggoodcareB.TakengoodcareC.HavingtakengoodcareD.TakengoodcareofD--13).___,thelittleboyisli26ThePastParticple--ThePastParticple--27一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式

過去分詞只有一種形式。△現(xiàn)在分詞:beingdonehavingdonedoinghavingbeendone--一、形式

主動形式被動形式一般式完成式△

過28二、功能1.作表語2.作定語3.作狀語4.作賓語補足語--二、功能1.作表語--29I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes

(定語)

1.位置:單個分詞位于名詞前,短語則在名詞后,被過去分詞所修飾的名詞,就是該分詞的邏輯主語。

Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.

--I.Pastparticipleusedasatt302.作用---相當于一個定語從句

(2)Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?(1)Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注:Theproblem(discussedyesterday)

hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem(beingdiscussednow)

hasnothingtodowithdailylife.

(表示完成)(表示正在進行)--2.作用---相當于一個定語從句(2)Thebook,w31

II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive(表語)1.過去分詞作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài),

其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別?,F(xiàn)在分詞:主語的特征或性質,“令人…”,有主動意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!過去分詞:主語的感受,“感到…”,有被動意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.--II.Pastparticiplesused32常見的這類此有:interesting—interested

encouraging—encouraged

delighting—delighted

disappointing—disappointed

pleasing—pleased

puzzling—puzzled

satisfying—satisfied

surprising—surprised

worrying--worried--常見的這類此有:--33Thisriverispolluted.譯:這條河被污染了Thisriverwaspolluted

bythechemicalplant.

譯:這條河是被那家化工廠給污染的?!镞^去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別:Thewindowsareclosed.譯:窗戶是關著的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.譯:窗戶是被杰克關起來的過去分詞作表語,表狀態(tài),相當于一個形容詞;在被動語態(tài)中,過去分詞表動作,常由by引出動作的發(fā)出者。(過去分詞作表語,表狀態(tài))(過去分詞構成被動語態(tài),表動作)--Thisriverispolluted.★過去分詞作表34III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(賓語補足語)1.表“希望,要求”的動詞:

want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.--III.Pastparticipleusedast352.表“感覺,心理狀態(tài)”的動詞:see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(賓語)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?

--2.表“感覺,心理狀態(tài)”的動詞:see,hear,f36過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的區(qū)別:三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關系,但過去分詞強調他們之間的被動關系,不帶to的不定式強調動作發(fā)生的全過程,doing強調他們之間的主動關系,正在進行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercoming

intotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.--過去分詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的Isawherc373.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep

,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.

4.在“with/without+賓語+賓補(過去分詞)”這一結構中,過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?--3.使役動詞:make,get,have,keep38IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(狀語)過去分詞作狀語相當于狀語從句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.過去分詞作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,

hebegantocry.--IV.Pastparticipleusedasth39e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.過去分詞作條件狀語相當于條件狀語從句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.過去分詞作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.--e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’ll40e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.過去分詞作讓步狀語相當于讓步狀語從句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴隨情況時可以轉換為一個并列的謂語成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.--e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,t41過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上對應的連詞when,as,if

等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.2.Ifgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.1.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.注意:帶有連詞的過去分詞結構相當于一個省略句,省略的部分為主語+be的相應變化形式.--過去分詞作狀語時,為了使意義更加明確,也可以在pp.前加上42注意:1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時的區(qū)別_______________London(夜里參觀倫敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.____________(當有人夜里來訪)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.WhenvisitingWhenvisited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞,關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞和主句的主語是主動關系,分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞,反之就用過去分詞。--注意:_______________London(夜里參觀43_____________________________(寫完了所有的信之后),Ihadadrinkandwentout.Havingfinishedallmyletters___________(信寫完之后),thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.Finished從山頂看,我們能看到一個美麗的公園。

從山頂看,公園很美麗。Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.--_____________________________44____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostin;bedressedin;

beinterestedin;bedevotedto;

besupposedto;becaughtintherain;

beseatedin;bepreparedfor;

bedeterminedtoLost2.系表結構表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有:--____inthought,healmostran45generallyspeakinggivenjudgingfrom/byjudgedbyconsideringsupposingthattalkingofseeing(that)

有些固定用法:一般說來,鑒于,根據(jù)…來看,考慮到,假如,說到,鑒于,由于--generallyspeaking有些固定用法:46習題:1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught

譯:我看見那個小偷被警察抓住了。(過去分詞短語作賓語補足語,表被動。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon譯:我看見他正在上車。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語,表主動。動作正在進行。)3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut

譯:我準備明天理發(fā)。(過去分詞作賓補,表被動。)--習題:1.Wesawthethief_________47—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted

CAC--—I’mverythirsty.CAC--484)As

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