Unit2Sailingtheoceansperiod1Warmingupandreading市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

SailingtheoceansUnit2第1頁(yè)Wordsminimumpoleoverheadoffshoreoutwardsecuremagneticadj.最小;最低n.地極;柱;桿adj.在頭上adv.在頭頂上;在空中adj.離岸;海面上adj.外面;向外adv.向外;在外adj.安全;可靠adj.磁;有磁性第2頁(yè)awkwardreferenceprecisesimplifyportableshortcomingupdatedtendencyreliableadj.難使用;拙笨n.參考adj.準(zhǔn)確;準(zhǔn)確vt.單一化;簡(jiǎn)單化adj.輕便;手提n.缺點(diǎn);短處vt.更新n.趨向;傾向adj.可靠;可信賴(lài)第3頁(yè)1Whatisanavigator?2Whatisthedifferencebetweenanavigatorandanexplorer?WarmingUpInpairsdiscussthesequestions:Anavigatorexploresnewroutesacrossthesea.Anavigatorexploresthesea;anexplorerdiscoversnewplacesonland.第4頁(yè)3Lookatthesefamouspeople.Aretheynavigatorsorexplorers?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?第5頁(yè)ZhengHe,intheyearbetween1405and1433,sevenlargetreasurefleetssailedwestwardsonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.UnderthecommandofZhengHe,thefleetssetsailfromtheSouthChinaSeaacrosstheIndianOceantotheRedSea,andthentraveledfurthersouth,discoveringtheeasterncoastofAfrica.HerenewedrelationswiththeKingdomsoftheEastAfrican.第6頁(yè)

WhenMarcoPolowasstillveryyoung,hedecidedtotraveltogetherwithhisfather.IttookthemmorethanthreeyearstotraveltoChina.Afternearlyseventeenyears’travelintheEast,Marcoandhisfatherwantedtoreturnhome.MarcoPoloMarcoPolowasborninVenicein1254.HewasthemostfamousforeignertovisitAsiaduringtheMiddleAges.第7頁(yè)JamesCook(1728-1779)wasthegreatestBritainnavigator.CookenlistedintheRoyalNavyin1755.In1768hewaspromotedandsenttothePacificwherehesurveyedTahiti,NewZealand,andAustralia.Onhisfamous2ndexpedition(1772-75)heexploredAntarctica.In1776inhisthirdandfinalvoyage,heexploredtheWestcoastofNorthAmericaanddiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.第8頁(yè)Navigatorissomeonewhofindsthepositionandplotsthecourseofaship,anaircraft,acar,etc,usingmapsandinstruments.

Navigator

seanauticalinstrumentsfindnewislandsorcontinents第9頁(yè)Explorerissomeonewhotravelsintoorthroughaplaceinordertolearnaboutit.Veryoftennavigatorsarealsoexplorers.

Explorer

landuseofcompassandlandmarksfindnewplaceswithinanalreadyidentifiedislandorcontinent第10頁(yè)1Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?Pre-readingLookatthepicturesonpage11.Thenanswerthequestions.Keptclosetotheshore,usednaturesuchasthesun,wind,birds,tide,etc,tohelpthem,andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass,astrolabe,etc.第11頁(yè)

2Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout:latitudeorlongitude?Latitude,becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtravelledfromlandonastraightline.Itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude.第12頁(yè)3Canyouidentifytheseearlynavigationalinstrumentsseamenusedandexplainhowtheyareused?

1_________________________2_________3_________4________________________compass(inancientChina)astrolabesextantsea/nautical/marinechart第13頁(yè)4Whichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday?

Seacharts第14頁(yè)SAILINGTHEOCEANSReadingNowreadaboutwhatnavigationwaslikebeforemoderninstrumentswereused.第15頁(yè)1Whatistheuseofabearingcircle,astrolabe,quadrantorsextant?()Whatistheuseofacompass?()

AtosetthecourseoftheshipBtomeasurethepositionoftheshipCtomeasurethespeedoftheshipDtotellthetimeBAComprehending1Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.第16頁(yè)Speedandtimeareimportantinfindingoutthelongitudeofashipbecausetheearthmovesfifteendegreeswestwardseveryhour.Ifyouknowyourdirection,speedandtime,youcanworkouttheapproximatelongitudeorchangeinyourpositioninrelationtothestars.Whyarespeedandtimeimportantinworkingoutthelongitudeofaship?第17頁(yè)Becausetheyarefixedpointsintheskyandtheirmovementsinrelationtotheeartharealreadyknown.Sotheycanbeusedtomeasureaship'sposition.

3Whyisthepositionofthesunandvariousstarsusefulforworkingoutlatitude?第18頁(yè)SAILINGTHEOCEANSUsingnaturetokeepalongsidecoastlinePart1UsingnavigationalinstrumentstohelpPart2UsingcelestialbodiesUsingthewildlifeFindinglongitudeUsingtheseaFindinglatitudeUsingtheweather第19頁(yè)3

Whatwouldyoudoifyoucameacrossthefollowingproblemsduringyourvoyage?Readthechartbelowandfillinyourplansofactiontodealwiththem.Whatwouldyoudoif:Planofaction

Youwerefarfromlandandastormarose.waittillthestormisover,andthenfindyournewpositionandreturntoyouroriginalcourse第20頁(yè)Youknewyourlatitudebutdidn'tknowyourlongitude.Youwereblownoff-course.useknotstofindyourspeedandworkoutyourapproximatelongitude

usethecompassandtheastrolabe,quadrantorsextanttofindoutyourposition,returntoyourformercourse

第21頁(yè)Youwereoffshorebutyouneededmorefoodandwater.Youwantedtokeepastraightcourse.follownestingbirdstoshore;lookforspecialcloudformationsorfogoverstreamstofindlanduseacompass

第22頁(yè)Youwerelostwithnolandinsight.measureyourpositionusingthesunorstars;lookforseabirds,cloudformations,fogorseaweedtoshowthatlandisnearby第23頁(yè)Tofindtheship’spositionatseaasailorusedtheNorthStarandthesun.4

Readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalysethenavigationalskills.Writetheanswersinyourownwords.Usingnature第24頁(yè)

2Asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw_____________________________________________________.3Sailorsused__________________________toincreasetheirspeed.

freshseaweed,nestingbirdsreturninghomeintheeveningorfogseacurrentsortidesandwinds第25頁(yè)

Usinginstruments

4Thereweretwomethodstofindlongitude:1_________________________

2___________________________________________.measuringtimeandspeedcompassandcomplicatedmathematicaltables第26頁(yè)

5Writedowntheworkingprinciplesofthefollowinginstruments:Beatingcircle:__________________________________________________________________.Astrolabe:

_______________________________________________________________.tocomparetheheightofthesunnowwiththepositionofthe'sunatmiddaytocomparethepositionoftheshipinrelationtosomestarsorthesun第27頁(yè)Quadrant:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.amorepreciseformoftheastrolabe,tomeasurehowhighstarsareabovethehorizon,andcomparethatmeasurementwithpreviousmeasurements(usingtheshipasoneofthefixedpointstofinditsposition)第28頁(yè)Sextant:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

anupdatedversionofthequadrantandsoitwasmoreaccurate,tomeasuretheanglebetweentwofixedpointsoutsidetheship(usingtwomirrorstofindtheship'sposition)第29頁(yè)5Imagineyouareonaboatwithtwenty-nineotherpeople.Youhaveasmallboxforyourpersonalthingsbutitcanonlyholdtenitems.Whatwouldyouneedforaweek'sjourneyacrosstheNorthSeatoEngland?第30頁(yè)CategoryItemsCategoryItemsClothesShoesHygieneToolsBeddingMedicinesGamesBooksshirt,trouserswaterproofbootssoapscissors,knifeblanketsea-sicktablets,coldmedicine

cards,chessnovels,essaycollections第31頁(yè)1.atthemercyof聽(tīng)任…擺布，在…面前無(wú)能為力Theywerelostatseaatthemercyofwindandweather.have/showmercyonsb.寬恕或憐憫某人；withoutmercy毫不容情地Languagepoints第32頁(yè)Avoid(making)anyreferencetohisillness.千萬(wàn)別提起他病。2.referencen.①提到;說(shuō)到;包括

②附注;旁注

checkyourreferences要查對(duì)引證資料第33頁(yè)【知識(shí)拓展】referv.提到，說(shuō)起，包括；參考，查詢(xún)，常與to連用。WhenIsaidsomepeoplearestupidIwasn’treferringtoyou.當(dāng)我說(shuō)某個(gè)人很愚蠢時(shí)候，我沒(méi)有提到你。Ifyoudon’tknowwhatthismeans,pleaserefertothedictionary.假如你不知道這是什么意思，請(qǐng)查看字典。第34頁(yè)Shesimplifiedtheinstructionssothatthechildrencouldunderstandthem.她簡(jiǎn)化了指令方便于兒童了解。3simplifyv.簡(jiǎn)化;使單純Thatwillsimplifymytask.那可簡(jiǎn)化了我工作。第35頁(yè)1.Thedatashouldbeupdatedonceaweek.這些數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該每星期更新一次。2.Mapsneedregul