2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)50

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ozoneisabluishgasthatisharmfultobreathe.Nearly90%oftheEarth’sozoneisinthestratosphereandisreferredtoastheozonelayer.OzoneabsorbsabandofultravioletradiationcalledUVBthatisparticularlyharmfultolivingorganisms.Stratosphericozoneisconstantlybeingcreatedanddestroyedthroughnaturalcycles.Variousozonedepletingsubstanceshowever,acceleratethedestructionprocesses,resultinginlowerthannormalozonelevels.ReductionsinozonelevelswillleadtohigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface.Thesun’soutputofUVBdoesnotchange;rather,lessozonemeanslessprotection,andhencemoreUVBreachestheEarth.StudieshaveshownthatintheAntarctic,theamountofUVBmeasuredatthesurfacecandoubleduringtheannualozonehole.LaboratoryandepidemiologicalstudiesdemonstratethatUVBcausesnonmelanomaskincancerandplaysamajorroleinmalignantmelanomadevelopment.Inaddition,UVBhasbeenlinkedtocataracts.

DramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarcticawasfirstnoticedinthe1970sbyaresearchgroupfromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)whoweremonitoringtheatmosphereaboveAntarcticafromaresearchstation.Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.Replacementinstrumentswerebuiltandflownoutanditwasn’tuntiltheyconfirmedtheearliermeasurements,severalmonthslater,thattheozonedepletionobservedwasacceptedasgenuine.AnotherstorygoesthattheBASsatellitedatadidn’tshowthedramaticlossofozonebecausethesoftwareprocessingtherawozonedatafromthesatellitewasprogrammedtotreatverylowvaluesofozoneasbadreadings.LateranalysisoftherawdatawhentheresultsfromtheBritishAntarcticSurveyteamwerepublished,confirmedtheirresultsandshowedthatthelosswasrapidandlarge-scale;overmostoftheAntarcticacontinent.

Ozoneoccursnaturallyintheatmosphere.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedofseverallayers.WeliveintheTroposphere,groundleveluptoabout10kmhigh,wheremostoftheweatheroccurssuch/asrain,snowandclouds.AbovethatistheStratosphere,animportantregioninwhicheffectssuchastheOzoneHoleandGlobalWarmingoriginate.ThelayernexttospaceistheExosphereandthengoinginwardstherearetheThermosphereandtheMesosphere.Supersonicpassengerjetsflyjustabovethetropospherewhereassubsoniccommercialairlinersareusuallywellinthetroposphere.ThenarrowregionbetweenthesetwopartsoftheatmosphereiscalledtheTropopause.Ozoneformsalayerinthestratosphere,thinnestinthetropicsanddensertowardsthepoles.Theamountofozoneaboveapointontheearth’ssurfaceismeasuredinDobsonunits(DU)—typically~260DUnearthetropicsandhigherelsewhere,thoughtherearelargeseasonalfluctuations.Itiscreatedwhenultravioletradiationintheformofsunlightstrikesthestratosphere,splittingoxygenmoleculestoatomicoxygen.Theatomicoxygenquicklycombineswithfurtheroxygenmoleculestoformozone.

TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.Whilstthereisaconnectionbecauseozonecontributestothegreenhouseeffect,theOzoneHoleisaseparateissue.OverAntarctica(andrecentlyovertheArctic),stratosphericozonehasbeendepletedoverthelast15yearsatcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisismainlyduetothereleaseofman-madechemicalscontainingchlorinesuchasCFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons),butalsocompoundscontainingbromine,otherrelatedhalogencompoundsandalsonitrogenoxides.CFCsareacommonindustrialproduct,usedinrefrigerationsystems,airconditioners,aerosols,solventsandintheproductionofsometypesofpackaging.Nitrogenoxidesareaby-productofcombustionprocesses,forexampleaircraftemissions.

TheozonedepleteonprocessbeginswhenCFCsandotherozonedepletingsubstancesareemittedintotheatmospherewherewindsefficientlymixandevenlydistributethegases.CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.Itisestimatedthatonechlorineatomcandestroyover100,000ozonemoleculesbeforeitisremovedfromthestratosphere.

ThefirstglobalagreementtorestrictCFCscamewiththesigningoftheMontrealProtocolin1987ultimatelyaimingtoreducethembyhalfbytheyear2000.Tworevisionsofthisagreementhavebeenmadeinthelightofadvancesinscientificunderstanding,thelatestbeingin1992.Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.ThemainCFCswillnotbeproducedbyanyofthesignatoriesaftertheendof1995,exceptforalimitedamountforessentialuses,suchasformedicalsprays.ThecountriesoftheEuropeanCommunityhaveadoptedevenstrictermeasures.RecognizingtheirresponsibilitytotheglobalenvironmenttheyhaveagreedtohaltproductionofthemainCFCsfromthebeginningof1995.Itwasanticipatedthattheselimitationswouldleadtoarecoveryoftheozonelayerwithin50yearsof2000.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationestimated2045butrecentinvestigationssuggesttheproblemisperhapsonamuchlargerscalethananticipated.

1.ItisacommonmistaketoassociatetheOzoneHoleproblemwith（）.

2.Commonhouseholdappliancescontributeto（）.

3.Internationalagreementswilleventuallyleadto（）.

4.AnapocryphalBASstorycitesthatequipmentwaschangedtomeasure（）.

5.TheOzonelayerisdestroyedbyaby-productofCFCsreactingwith（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theissueoftheheatingupoftheearth’satmosphere

B.themeasurementofCFCsinDobsonunits

C.thedramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarctica

D.thehigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.globalwarming

B.thereleaseofaerosolsandsolvents

C.thestabilizationofCFCsintheair

D.thedischargeofsyntheticchemicalsintotheatmosphere

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.recentinvestigationsintothestrengthofDobsonUnits

B.thecessationofthereleaseofmostCFCgasesintotheatmosphere

C.thescientificunderstandingintheinternationalcommunity

D.thereductionofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbons

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelocationofthelayerrelativetotheearth

B.thesatelliteorbitingtheearth

C.therawdataofthedramaticlossofozone

D.theapparentlyanomalousreadingstakenearlier

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thenormalcomponentsoftheearth’satmosphere

B.chlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide

C.aircraftemissions

D.atomicoxygen

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段的第一句話“TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.（大眾媒體把臭氧空洞和全球變暖問題搞混了。）”。A選項(xiàng)“地球大氣層升溫的問題”正確；B選項(xiàng)“以多布森單位測(cè)量氯氟烴”；C選項(xiàng)“南極洲上空平流層低層臭氧的顯著損失”；D選項(xiàng)“到達(dá)地球表面的較高水平的中波”不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段，第四段說到臭氧會(huì)導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)，臭氧層的破壞與人類釋放含氯的人造化學(xué)品，以及含有溴的化合物、其他相關(guān)鹵素化合物和氮氧化物有關(guān)，這些化合物通常存在于家用電器中，從而導(dǎo)致全球變暖，由此可知家用電器可能與全球變暖有關(guān)聯(lián)。A選項(xiàng)“全球變暖”正確；B選項(xiàng)“氣溶膠和溶劑的釋放”；C選項(xiàng)“氯氟烴在空氣中的穩(wěn)定性”；D選項(xiàng)“合成化學(xué)物質(zhì)排放到大氣中”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段第三句話“Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.（已就到2030年控制許多鹵化碳的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)達(dá)成協(xié)議。）”，由此可知國(guó)際協(xié)議最終將導(dǎo)致鹵化碳的減少。A選項(xiàng)“最近對(duì)多布森單位力量的調(diào)查”；B選項(xiàng)“停止向大氣中釋放大部分氯氟烴氣體”；C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)科學(xué)的理解”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中許多鹵化碳的減少”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第二句“Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.（民間傳說，當(dāng)1975年首次進(jìn)行測(cè)量時(shí)，平流層的臭氧水平急劇下降，以至于起初科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他們的儀器出了問題。）”，由此可知科學(xué)家們更換儀器是為了測(cè)量差距過大的數(shù)據(jù)。A選項(xiàng)“這層相對(duì)于地球的位置”；B選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)星繞地球運(yùn)行”；C選項(xiàng)“臭氧顯著損失的原始數(shù)據(jù)”；D選項(xiàng)“明顯不正常的讀數(shù)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段的第二至四句話“CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.（氯氟烴非常穩(wěn)定，不會(huì)在雨中溶解。幾年后，平流層中的天然氣與氯氟烴結(jié)合，釋放出氯原子、哈龍和甲基溴。這些原子依次釋放出溴原子，而正是這些原子破壞了臭氧）”。A選項(xiàng)“地球大氣的正常組成部分”；B選項(xiàng)“氯原子，哈龍和甲基溴”；C選項(xiàng)“飛機(jī)排放”；D選項(xiàng)“原子氧”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ominous

B.foppish

C.gregarious

D.remunerative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ominous“預(yù)兆的；不吉利的”；B選項(xiàng)foppish“浮華的；矯飾的；有紈绔習(xí)氣的”；C選項(xiàng)gregarious“社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)remunerative“有利可圖的；有報(bào)酬的；合算的”。句意：這樣的警告反映了阿爾索普家族傾向于用可怕的恐懼和沮喪來掩蓋他們的分析。portentous“不祥的；預(yù)兆的；令人驚訝的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Themarksmanwaitedforthepheasantto（）cover.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seek

B.break

C.get

D.take

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)seek“尋求；尋找；探索；搜索”；B選項(xiàng)break“打破；骨折；違犯；弄壞；失靈；打斷；終止”；C選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得；受到；變成；成為；變得；到達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)take“拿，取；帶去；使達(dá)到；偷走；奪?。毁I下”。根據(jù)固定搭配breakcover“跳出來；跳出躲藏處；從隱藏處出來”可知該題選break。句意：狙擊手等著這只野雞從隱蔽處出來。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

A21-year-oldrecentconverttoIslamtriedtoblowupamilitaryrecruitingstationinaBaltimoresuburbonWednesday,ensnaringhimselfinastingoperationorchestratedbytheFederalBureauofInvestigation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gambling

B.entrapping

C.enjoying

D.blaming

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gambling“賭博；打賭”；B選項(xiàng)entrapping“使落入陷阱；使陷入困境；誘騙”；C選項(xiàng)enjoying“喜愛；飽覽；享受；欣賞”；D選項(xiàng)blaming“歸咎；責(zé)備；譴責(zé)”。句意：周三，一名新近皈依伊斯蘭教的21歲男子試圖炸毀巴爾的摩市郊區(qū)的一個(gè)征兵站，結(jié)果自己落入了美國(guó)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局（FBI）精心策劃的圈套。ensnare“誘捕；誘入陷阱；進(jìn)入羅網(wǎng)”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reinforces,pronouncements“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”，“聲明；宣告；公告；判決”；B選項(xiàng)advances,aphorisms“提出；預(yù)付；使……前進(jìn)；將……提前；前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展；上漲”，“格言；警句”；C選項(xiàng)belies,platitudes“掩飾；與……不符；使失望；證明……虛假錯(cuò)誤”，“陳詞濫調(diào)；平凡；陳腐”；D選項(xiàng)undermines,judgments

“破壞，漸漸破壞；挖掘地基”，“判斷；裁判；判決書；辨別力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文學(xué)批評(píng)掩蓋了她犀利評(píng)論的名聲；盡管書名引人入勝，書皮上也有溢美之詞，但這本書不過是陳詞濫調(diào)的集合。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indolence“懶散，懶惰，無痛”；B選項(xiàng)fatigue“疲勞，疲乏，雜役”；C選項(xiàng)vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸塵器”；D選項(xiàng)leave“離開，許可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲勞”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一擊，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在與同情疲勞作斗爭(zhēng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項(xiàng)trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動(dòng)亂”；C選項(xiàng)pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項(xiàng)storm“暴風(fēng)雨，大動(dòng)蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thecommissionwouldfinditself（）ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.collided

B.savaged

C.crumbled

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)collided“（偶然）碰撞，沖突，（不同的觀念、想法等）碰撞（而產(chǎn)生有趣結(jié)果）”；B選項(xiàng)savaged“亂咬，粗暴的對(duì)待，兇猛地攻擊”；C選項(xiàng)crumbled“弄碎，破碎”；D選項(xiàng)hampered“阻礙，限制”。句意：如果委員們不能達(dá)成一致意見，該委員會(huì)將處處受阻。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.Thisispreciselytheproblem:thatsource,PhilipRoth’s2000novelisnotespeciallysober,scrupulousorrespectful.Itisanangry,ungainlysquallyofabook,aclamorousdefenseofsexualvitalityinanageofPuritancensoriousnessandalyricalinquiryintothemysteriesofrace,oldageandrecent.Americanhistory.LikemuchofMr.Roth’srecentwork,TheHumanStainburstswithcharactersandideas,anditsapparentlyhaphazardorganizationdisguisesanelegantandcunningnarrativestrategy.

ThefilmmakersexplicateMr.Roth’sthemeswithadmirableclarityandcareandobservehischaracterswithdelicatefondness,buttheycannothopetoapproximatethebrillianceandrapacityofhisvoice,whichholdsallthenovels’disparateelementstogether.WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.Itspeoplewanderthroughastrangelyartificiallandscape,andtheideashoverintheairabovethemlikecloudspaintedonabackdrop.

ZuckermanplayedbyGarySinisehasretreatedtoalakesidecabininNewEngland,hopingtofindpeaceandquietaftertwodivorcesandaboutofprostatecancer.

HissolitudeisinterruptedonenightbythearrivalofColemanSilkplayedbyAnthonyHopkins,aformerdeanandclassicsprofessoratnearbyAthenaCollege,whowasforcedtoresignafterbeingaccusedofmakingracistremarksduringalecture.Coleman,whosewifediedsuddenlyinthewakeofthescandal,wantstotakerevengeonhisformercolleaguesbywritingabook.HeputsthisprojectasideoncehefallsintoarevivifyingaffairwithFauniaFarleyplayedbyNicoleKidman,adamaged,desolateandilliterate34-year-oldwhodoesmenialjobsatthecollege,thepostofficeandalocaldairyfarmTheirsexualidyllismenacedbythefacultybusybodieswhochasedColemanfromhisjob,andalsobyFaunia’sformerhusband,Lester(EdHarris),aderangedVietnamveteranwhosuedtobeatherandnowstalksherinhisbigredpickuptruck.

Whatkeepsthemovie,whichopenstodaynationwide,fromdriftingintheSargassoSeaofliteraryhigh-mindednessisthevitalityoftheacting.Mr.Bentionisthekindofdirectorwhoseaffectionandrespectforactorsseepthroughthescreen;hissolicitudeseemstoopenthemup.

ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.Ms.Kidmantriestoovercomethisbysheerforceofwill,strugglingtostiflehernaturalradiance,blunthercrystallinevoiceandblurherfinefeatures,andshecomesclosertosucceedingthanyoumightexpect.Mr.Hopkins,forhispart,mustbattleamoreglaringdiscrepancy,andhedoessowithswingingnonchalance.ColemanSilkisablackmanwhohaspassedforwhiteformostofhisadultlife,stylinghimselfasthefirstJewishclassicisteverhiredatAthena.

Thesepeculiaritiesofcastingmatterlessthantheymight;orratherhowmuchtheymatterchangesfromscenetoscene.Thefilmincludessomesex,aboxingmatchandanoccasionalburstofdancing,butmostoftheactionconsistsoftwocharactersinaroomtalking.Someofthesemoments-alateconfrontationbetweenLesterandZuckerman,abreakfasttablequarrelbetweenFaunniaandColeman,ameetingofthemindsbetweenFaunniaandalarge,cagedcrow-areawkwardlypacedandplaced,butmanyothersarealivewithhumanpainandheat.

Someofthebestperformancesareinsecondaryroles.JacindaBarrettiswonderfullytouchingasColeman’sfirstgreatlove,ablondMidwesternertowhomhedecides,heedlesslyandalittlecruelly,todivulgethesecretofhisrace.Ms.Snuth,herfaceamaskofmaternalstoicism,bringshomethetragedyofColeman’sdecisiontopassforwhitewithaspeechsodrilyandevenlyenunciatedthatitslaceratinginsightonlyregistersoncethecamerahasturnedaway.

Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietes—TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.Thefilm’spowerfulindividualscenesseemlikeexcerptsfromamissingwhole,well-appointedroomsinahousewhosebeamsandgirdershavebeencutaway.

1.ThehumanStainisa（）.

2.TheHumanStain（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistheflawofTheHumanStainintheauthor’sopinion?

4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeapossiblecommentmadebytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsTheHumanStainis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectablescreenplay

B.scrupulousnovel

C.characteristicbook

D.moviewithmanycharacters

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Failstomakethestorycoherent

B.wasproducedbyagoodwriter

C.hasthebestactorsandactresses

D.isfullofmysteriouslandscapes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotfromagoodscreenplay.

B.Someactorsarenotsuitablefortheirroles.

C.Thereistoomuchtalkingbetweenpeople.

D.Ms.KidmanandMr.Hopkinsarepooractors.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheHumanStainismysteriousandunscrupulous.

B.TheHumanStainissober,scrupulousandrespectful.

C.TheHumanStaindoesnottellusacoherentstory.

D.TheHumanStainwellrevealshumanweaknesses.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.sympathetic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題題。由題干可定位到文章第一段第一句“TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.（改編自NicholasMeyer的劇本，由RobertBenton執(zhí)導(dǎo)的《人性的污點(diǎn)》是一篇令人尊敬的關(guān)于電影的B+學(xué)期論文報(bào)告：冷靜、謹(jǐn)慎、認(rèn)真地尊重它的文學(xué)來源。）”。由此可知《人性的污點(diǎn)》是一篇學(xué)期論文報(bào)告。A選項(xiàng)“值得尊敬的劇本”；B選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎的小說”；C選項(xiàng)“特色書籍”；D選項(xiàng)“有許多角色的電影”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段的第二句話“WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.（如果沒有Mr.Roth的參與，本書所述的銜接就成了問題）”。由此可知該書有一位很好的作者。A選項(xiàng)“不能使故事連貫”說法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“是一位好作家寫的”正確；C選項(xiàng)“有最好的男女演員”和D選項(xiàng)“充滿了神秘的風(fēng)景”文章都沒有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段第一句“ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.（霍普金斯先生和基德曼女士選錯(cuò)角色幾乎是不言自明的。）”。由此可知作者認(rèn)為有些演員并不適合其角色扮演。A選項(xiàng)“它不是出自一個(gè)好的劇本”；C選項(xiàng)“角色之間的對(duì)話太多了”；D選項(xiàng)“基德曼女士和霍普金斯先生都是可憐的演員”都不符合題意，B選項(xiàng)“有些演員不適合他們的角色”符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.作者意圖題。根據(jù)全文可知，作者描述了《人性的污點(diǎn)》中的主要情節(jié)以及主要人物的命運(yùn)，最后一段作者說道“Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietest——TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.（關(guān)于它的節(jié)奏，往往是最安靜的——《人性的污點(diǎn)》讓你既關(guān)心它的人物，并思考他們的生活所代表的更大的問題。）”，由此可知作者對(duì)該書的認(rèn)識(shí)很深刻。A選項(xiàng)“《人類的污點(diǎn)》是神秘而不講道德的”；B選項(xiàng)“《人類的污點(diǎn)》是冷靜、細(xì)心、恭敬的”；C選項(xiàng)“《人類的污點(diǎn)》并沒有告訴我們一個(gè)連貫的故事”；都不太符合題意。D選項(xiàng)“《人類的污點(diǎn)》充分暴露了人類的弱點(diǎn)”最符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由最后一段“Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.（它最大的缺陷是無法將這些同理心和洞察力與持續(xù)不斷的劇情聯(lián)系起來，無法暗示出角色不在屏幕上時(shí)，他們的生活仍在繼續(xù)。）”可知作者指出本書有成功的一面也有一些缺陷。A選項(xiàng)“消極的”、B選項(xiàng)“積極的”、D選項(xiàng)“同情的”都不正確，C選項(xiàng)“中肯的”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Accordingtotheconditionsofmyscholarship,afterfinishingmydegree（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.myeducationwillbeemployedbytheuniversity

B.employmentwillbegiventomebytheuniversity

C.theuniversitywillemployme

D.Iwillbeemployedbytheuniversity

【答案】D

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象是“我”，因此主句的主語(yǔ)必須是“我”。句意：根據(jù)我獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的條件，在結(jié)束學(xué)習(xí)之后，我將被這所大學(xué)錄用。A選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“myeducation”；B選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“employment”；C選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“theuniversity”；只有D選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“I”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incendiary“縱火的，煽動(dòng)性的，能引起燃燒的，非常辣的”；B選項(xiàng)incandescent“輝耀的，熾熱的，發(fā)白熱光的”；C選項(xiàng)dispassionate“不帶感情的，平心靜氣的，公平的”；D選項(xiàng)contumacious“不聽命令的，反抗法院命令的，頑固的”。句意：看到微風(fēng)吹過，緩和了炎熱的下午，真是令人高興。Fervid“熱情的，熾熱的，熱心的，熱的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Suchasanguineconclusionmayseemoddatatimewhenfuriousargumentsarenodoubtragingbehindthescenes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puissant

B.sapient

C.propitious

D.berserk

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)puissant“強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)盛的；有勢(shì)力的，有權(quán)力的”；B選項(xiàng)sapient“聰明的；伶俐的；裝聰明樣的；有見識(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)propitious“適合的；有利的；順利的”；D選項(xiàng)berserk“狂怒的，失控的：（激動(dòng)得）控制不住的”。句意：在激烈的爭(zhēng)論毫無疑問正在幕后肆虐之際，這樣一個(gè)樂觀的結(jié)論可能顯得有些奇怪。sanguine“樂觀的；滿懷希望的；面色紅潤(rùn)的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

ThomasJefferson’sachievementsasanarchitectrivalhiscontributions（）apolitician.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.such

B.than

C.as

D.more

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句式。As…as…“與……一樣”。句意：托馬斯?杰斐遜作為建筑師的成就與他作為政治家的貢獻(xiàn)不相上下。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有進(jìn)取心的，有闖勁的”；B選項(xiàng)servile“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，簡(jiǎn)陋的，（級(jí)別或地位）低下的，不大的”；D選項(xiàng)confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：你的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是作為一名正在談?wù)撔马?xiàng)目的員工，而不是一名希望得到工作機(jī)會(huì)的求職者的奉承態(tài)度。Obsequious“諂媚的，奉承的，順從的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)ahailof“一陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵”；B選項(xiàng)agustof“一陣（風(fēng)）”；C選項(xiàng)atuftof“一叢”；D選項(xiàng)afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”。句意：這一判決遭到了一通批評(píng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pricks

B.balls

C.guns

D.winds

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)pricks“（v.）戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛；（眼睛）發(fā)酸；（使）內(nèi)心痛苦；驅(qū)使；（使）耳朵豎起；（n.）扎；戳孔；沮喪；趕牛棒；笨蛋；穿刺；針刺感；卑鄙的人”；B選項(xiàng)balls“（n.）球；（v.）把……捏成球狀”；C選項(xiàng)guns“（n.）槍支；槍狀物；持槍歹徒；（v.）用槍射擊；加大油門快速前進(jìn)；向……開槍；開大油門”；D選項(xiàng)wind“（n.）風(fēng)；呼吸；氣味；卷繞；（v.）纏繞；上發(fā)條；使彎曲；吹號(hào)角；繞住或纏住某人”。根據(jù)固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵擊石；徒勞的抵抗”可知該題選pricks。句意：你再提起上訴，那是在以卵擊石。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Criticscalledtheproposala（）gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.board

B.ball

C.home

D.shell

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)board“木板，甲板，膳食，董事長(zhǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)ball“球，舞會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)home“家，住宅，產(chǎn)地，家鄉(xiāng)，避難所”；D選項(xiàng)shell“殼，貝殼，炮彈，外形”。shellgame為固定搭配，意為“騙局”。句意：批評(píng)人士稱該提議是一場(chǎng)難以辨認(rèn)的騙局。因此C答案正確。

18.單選題

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obstructed“阻塞，妨礙，遮住”；B選項(xiàng)quipped“嘲弄，譏諷”；C選項(xiàng)grunge“（僅為名詞）蹩腳貨，乏味的東西，難看的東西”；D選項(xiàng)wrecked“破壞，毀滅，（使）船舶失事，（使）遭遇沉船，毀船打劫，遭遇（船舶）失事，拆除”。句意：像卡西迪那樣，把所有的好事都?xì)w功于奧巴馬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，把所有的壞事都?xì)w功于共和黨的阻撓，這可能不是完全誠(chéng)實(shí)的，但它確實(shí)有相當(dāng)大的好處，讓奧巴馬擺脫了競(jìng)選時(shí)被共和黨的欺凌所束縛的軟弱無能的負(fù)擔(dān)。Stymy“阻撓，妨礙”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?

2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.OneC.Three

B.C.ThreeB.

C.ThreeB.Two

D.Four

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Humidity

B.Plantgrowth

C.Rootpressure

D.Evaporation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.（根據(jù)目前公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚力張力理論，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及這一種理論，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?（如果水不是被抽到高樹的樹頂，也不是被推到樹頂，那么我們會(huì)問：它是怎么到樹頂?shù)?）”，由此可知全文是圍繞水是怎么被送到樹頂描寫的。A選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力對(duì)樹葉有什么影響？”；B選項(xiàng)“死細(xì)胞什么時(shí)候會(huì)損害植物生長(zhǎng)？”；C選項(xiàng)“水是如何到達(dá)樹頂?shù)?？”；D選項(xiàng)“為什么根壓弱？”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.（但是根系的壓力還不足以把水推到高大的樹頂。此外，針葉樹是最高的樹木之一，它們的根系壓力非常低。）”，由此可知來自樹根的壓力不足以使水分運(yùn)輸?shù)綐漤?，這其中肯定還有其他運(yùn)輸渠道存在。A選項(xiàng)“一些很高的樹的根壓很弱”；B選項(xiàng)“根系壓力在冬季下降”；C選項(xiàng)“植物的根死后還能存活”；D選項(xiàng)“植物根中的水與莖中的水是不相連的”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第一句話“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.（大氣壓可以支撐一個(gè)高達(dá)10米的水柱。）”，由此可知該篇文章支持大氣壓把水吸引到高高的樹頂。A選項(xiàng)“水被推到樹頂”；B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞起到泵的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力把水吸引到高高的樹頂”；D選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變了他們關(guān)于水在植物中移動(dòng)的理論”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物頂部水分蒸發(fā)的結(jié)果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸發(fā)使然。A選項(xiàng)“濕度”；B選項(xiàng)“植物的生長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)“根壓”；D選項(xiàng)“蒸發(fā)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.visiting

B.traveling

C.watching

D.touring

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)visit“訪問，拜訪，看望，參觀，訪問”，指短期行為，更多用于動(dòng)作，目的性較強(qiáng)；B選項(xiàng)travel“長(zhǎng)途旅行，經(jīng)過（某地區(qū)），（非正式）經(jīng)受得住旅行，（物體，放射線）移動(dòng)，行進(jìn)，傳送”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從某處過到另一處，或者已經(jīng)完成的旅行；C選項(xiàng)watch“觀看，注視，守候，看守”，強(qiáng)調(diào)專注地看/注視移動(dòng)著的物體，如看電視，看球賽等；D選項(xiàng)tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用來形容整個(gè)旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行的過程。句意：當(dāng)他在北京的時(shí)候，他把所有的時(shí)間都花在參觀一些重要的藝術(shù)博物館和建筑上。

21.單選題

Ajointcommunique,signedonAugust17,1982,arrestedtheprecipitousdeteriorationoftherelationsbetweenWashingtonandBeijingbutasalwaysseemedtopromisemorethanwouldbedelivered.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.propitious

B.preci