萬(wàn)煒課程-課堂筆記

Day機(jī)：萬(wàn)煒：G神團(tuán)個(gè)人郵箱,成績(jī)站 GRE詳yticWriting:30min*2,06分，avg2.9yzeanIssueyzean(tativeReasoning,VerbalReasoning)130–170有效Section2Q,2V,有一個(gè)加試，無(wú)法判斷是哪個(gè)QVQVQorVQVQVSection1, 單空1,單空3 雙空3,(4,雙空 三空(4,5),三空7 短閱7,短閱9 長(zhǎng)閱9–長(zhǎng)閱讀（中13–16六選 12– 六選 短閱讀（邏輯單題 邏輯單18– 長(zhǎng)閱讀（中 17, 短閱19, 短閱GRE:section-adaptive每一道題的難度系數(shù)區(qū)間：1第一個(gè)Section難度系數(shù)總和區(qū)間：68–SectionI錯(cuò) 難 錯(cuò)分22596當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)Section錯(cuò)5個(gè)（含）以內(nèi)時(shí)，第二個(gè)Section難度最高；當(dāng)?shù)谝籗ectionI錯(cuò) 難 錯(cuò)分22596理工完美分正常分保底分43QV普通文完美分正常分保底分4QV網(wǎng)盤資源詞匯長(zhǎng)難GMAT_GRE_LSAT閱讀大全高頻GRE閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)40套Issue,Argument全題庫(kù)分析，高頻題目列表，范閱讀方法文章開始判斷對(duì)象：一個(gè)對(duì)象or兩個(gè)對(duì)象的關(guān)系隨時(shí)留意有沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度：作者的or的隨時(shí)注意句內(nèi)/句間的邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ).同義轉(zhuǎn)述：站隊(duì)（同一隊(duì)伍因果：不需要理解因果關(guān)系為什么成立，只需要記“因果舉例：不需要理解例子的特點(diǎn)，只需要記“抽象觀點(diǎn)類比：不需要理解類比的特點(diǎn)，只需要記“原始對(duì)象←比對(duì)象B.a.讓步：不需要理解讓步的意義，只需要記“【讓b.對(duì)比：站隊(duì)（不同隊(duì)伍c.轉(zhuǎn)折：放慢閱讀速度，必須理解轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)在哪兒，如果轉(zhuǎn)折做題思路千萬(wàn)所有題目當(dāng)作事實(shí)信息題做，不要?jiǎng)硬粍?dòng)回頭找，更不看題干→能不能不回讀→題干能否定位→選項(xiàng)能否定PassageIamverystressfulrecently,working hourseveryday.萬(wàn)煒的心靈雖然很美，但是他的長(zhǎng)相 慘不忍萬(wàn)煒的心靈雖然已經(jīng)很美了，但沒(méi)想到他的長(zhǎng)相竟 。更創(chuàng)造力：Translimit,estab原exploit,≠↑NewNewNew↑e.g.莎，pheno:↑e.gC, 【讓】art:偶爾trans←e.g【轉(zhuǎn)】trans≠藝術(shù)↑ √ Passage7：JW→AApoetry 形 AApoetry← ↑Passage12XdoesnotdoY ngIdidnotenterHarvardbycheating.Brandasevilwhateverdiffersfrom↑Brandwhateverdiffersfromgoodasv.+prep.+b+a←v.+a+prep.+Scientistsinsertintothechromosomediscretegenes ↑Scientistsinsertdiscretegenes intothe對(duì)象：comic ↓ ~social←e.g.de,cp,↑【讓】trygods god,demon感性、理1800ThomasDilworth’sNewGuidetotheEnglishDialoguewasbeingwidelyusedtoteachreadingintheUnitedStates.Dilworth'sprimer,unlikeearlierones,stressedtheimportanceofchildren’sunderstandingwhattheyread.WhileitisinfactunlikelythatchildrenwouldhaverecognizedallthevocabularyDilworthused,thatwasatleasthisstatedgoal.Dilworthrecognizedthatprimersshouldenablechildrentodecodewordsfromprintwiththeformoflanguagetheyalreadyknew:speech.Incontrast,manyearlierauthorsassumedthat,justasintroductoryLatintextstaughtchildrenanunknownlanguage,introductoryEnglishtextsshouldteachEnglishasifit,too,wereanunknownlanguage—suchtheiresotericchoiceofvocabulary,itineffectbecameunknown.Accordingtothepassage,the“earlierauthors”adoptedaforEnglishinstructionmirroredthepracticeusedinLatinwasoriginallyformulatedbywaslessesotericthanthatadoptedbystressedfamiliaritywiththepeculiaritiesofEnglishemphasizedtheimportanceoffluentandarticulateTheauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingcriticismsofEnglishprimerspredatingDilworth’s?TheirLatinategrammaticaltermspoorlydescribedthestructuresofEnglish.Theyfailedtomakeeffectiveuseoftheknowledgeoflanguageachildalreadypossessed.Theirtextstypicallyfocusedonsubjectmatterthatheldlittleintrinsicinterestfortheirreaders.TheyneglectedtoteachthelanguageinasufficientlysystematicTheyrequired dagogicalmethodthatfewAmericanteachersoftheerapossessed.PassageEclectic:折衷的（不ThisbookiseclecticinthatitselecteditssourcesfromRussia,Canada,China,AmericaandevenmanyAfricancountries.兼容并包、兼收并蓄Selectingfromvarious“”：irony,paradox,contradiction, ,dichotomy,dilemma,Creditsb.withsth.=attributesth.tosb.TakethecreditGivesb.the類比題Concrete→Principle→對(duì)象：LH夢(mèng) Irony: ↓Critics:、、↑e.g.:【轉(zhuǎn)】：LH<DB&FNPassageKilledbyherhusband,shediedatof50.Sheisthewomankilledbyherhusband.Shun,Indispensable,irreplaceableIeatalot,soIamIeatalot,thusIamfat.（×）→Ieatalot.ThusIamfat./Ieatalot,andthusIamfat.Ieatalot,thereforeIamfat.（×）Ieatalot,henceIamfat.（×）Ieatalot,butIamthin.（√）Ieatalot,yetIamthin.（√）Ieatalot,however,IamIeatalot,nonetheless,IamAlthoughIeatalot,IamDespiteIeatalot,Iamthin.（×）→DespitethefactthatIeatalot,Iamthin.（√）Ieatalot.Iamthin,however,andInevergainmuch對(duì)象：IDID:writing→lyric 傳統(tǒng)←e.g.芭~chara,~敘事, chara,敘事,Internal bodyNatural acrobat夸↑對(duì)音樂(lè) 流行觀~visual,~詮 visual,詮【轉(zhuǎn)】不想用掛PassageCliché(n.),platitude(n.),hackneyed對(duì)象：AA人 作 意義&功文化連續(xù)性不←origin文化連續(xù)性意義&功能借tales:~不加選擇tales意義&功能借tales不←origin注意事項(xiàng)一旦遇到轉(zhuǎn)折不合理，應(yīng)該將其背后的假設(shè)挖PassageThebookonthistableismoreinterestingthanthatontheotherIfAistrue,thenBisItcanbeinferredfromthepassageAB~B→虛擬語(yǔ)氣：subjunctivecounterfactualconditionalHadAbeentrue,Bwouldhavebeentrue.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassageAB~B→萬(wàn)煒最近很生氣，有人說(shuō)是因?yàn)樗X(jué)得他的老婆出軌了，那天他不可能和那個(gè)人出軌，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)人其實(shí)是gay蜜，對(duì)女人一點(diǎn)想，因?yàn)樗缇椭滥莻€(gè)人其實(shí)是gay蜜，對(duì)女人一點(diǎn)性趣都FWM:法文→歷【轉(zhuǎn)】不研究民↑FWM:民法【轉(zhuǎn)】刑法也難（【轉(zhuǎn)】研究刑法不研究民↑史：人和民法不打交道（×）不需要研究民法【轉(zhuǎn) e.g.A,B,C…Passage15I you,(even)ifnotloveyou. Most,(even)ifnotall,ofyouarequiet.Few,(even)ifany,ofyouarefromRecalcitrant,intractable,intransigent,obstinate,stubborn,adamant-限制性vs.非限制性定語(yǔ)從Cats,whichclimbtreesarehuman’sfriends.并Catswhichclimbtreesarehuman’sfriends.條Critics認(rèn)為2反1,whichismoreCritics認(rèn)為2反+1ismoreThestupidAmericansoftenassumethatChina,whichisalreadyquiteharmonious,isstillachaoticsociety.男whoare帥aremy男whoare帥aremy對(duì)象：EBCritics:2<reverse 【轉(zhuǎn)】(12)←復(fù)↑e.g.N,【讓】復(fù)雜不→AANC~ AANC>(1+【轉(zhuǎn)】復(fù)雜→(1【轉(zhuǎn)】(12)× Stiffen（【讓】×）r元素(12)~HPassage16歸謬法reductionad假設(shè)CC→D（虛擬語(yǔ)氣So,Unsustainable,untenable,unobtainableThetheorydoesnotsustain/obtain/hold.研：sleep不→↑研：~REMsleep正常生研：(sleep→記)→(~REMsleep~記【轉(zhuǎn)】~測(cè)，測(cè)的和睡眠無(wú)關(guān)，REMsleep≠【轉(zhuǎn)】研：過(guò)夜后記時(shí)間流逝(excludeapossible研：過(guò)夜后記↑不【轉(zhuǎn) Studies:【讓】有些記和sleep無(wú)【轉(zhuǎn)】sleep→PassageP↓C證明C不可靠的方式P不Ephemeral,transient,transitory,evanescent,fleeting,temporary/mercurial,volatile/whimsical,capricious,erratic–perpetual,permanent,everlasting,enduring Aristocracy,Plutocracy,Oligarchy,DemocracyOverturn,Challenge,question,作者態(tài)度：qualified/modified/limited對(duì)象：P的研 P←Fluid,, ~Fluid,~,【讓】examplestats（√）→【讓】rich:工【轉(zhuǎn)】富二經(jīng)濟(jì)沒(méi)毀rich，毀poor【讓】observe:【轉(zhuǎn) JA:~,class-ridden,作業(yè)ThisisnottodenythattheBlackgospelmusicoftheearlytwentiethcenturydifferedinimportantwaysfromtheslavespirituals.Whereasspiritualswerecreatedanddisseminatedinfolkfashion,gospelmusicwascomposed,published,copyrighted,andsoldbyprofessionals.Nevertheless,improvisationremainedcentraltogospelmusic.OnehasonlytolistentotherecordedrepertoireofgospelsongstorealizethatBlackgospelsingersrarelysangasongpreciselythesamewaytwiceandneveraccordingtoitsexactmusicalnotation.Theyperformedwhatjazzmusicianscall“headarrangements”proceedingfromtheirownfeelingsandfromtheway“thespirit”movedthematthetime.Thisimprovisatoryelementreflectedinthemannerinwhichgospelmusicwaspublished.BlackgospelcomposersscoredthemusicintendedforWhitesinging paniment,butthemusicproducedforBlacksingersincludedonlyavocallineand ApublishedversionofagospelsongproducedforusebyBlackAgospelsongbasedonaslaveAmusicalscoresharedbyagospelsingerandajazzAninformallywrittencompositionintendedforusebyagospelAnimprovisedperformanceinspiredbythesinger’sTheauthormentions“folkfashion”mostlikelyinordercounteranassertionabouttheroleofimprovisationinmusiccreatedbyBlackpeoplecompareearlygospelmusicwithgospelmusicwrittenlaterinthetwentiethcenturymakeadistinctionbetweengospelmusicandslaveintroduceadiscussionaboutthedisseminationofslavedescribeasimilaritybetweengospelmusicandslaveThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutBlackgospelmusicandslavespirituals?BothbecamewidelyknownintheearlytwentiethBothhadanimportantimprovisatoryBothwerefrequentlyperformedbyjazz BothweredisseminatedchieflybyBlacksinging yprecededthepassage?Fewcomposersofgospelmusicdrewontraditionssuchasthespiritualincreatingtheirsongs.SpiritualsandBlackgospelmusicwerederivedfromthesamemusicaltradition.Thecreationandsingingofspirituals,practicedbyBlackAmericansbeforetheCivilWar,continuedafterthewar.SpiritualsandgospelmusiccanbeclearlydistinguishedfromoneImprovisationwasoneoftheprimarycharacteristicsofthegospelmusiccreatedbyBlackmusicians.WhereasWhile讓步，對(duì)Thisisnottodeny/say的功能：qualify/modifyanearlierstatement/limitthescopeofanearlierstatement【讓】BG≠【轉(zhuǎn)】BG:即↑Listen不重唱，不靠Feel,Spirit~Jazz:↑白：全vs.黑：OnereasonresearchershavelongbelievedthatMarsneverenjoyedanextensiveperiodofwarmandwetclimateisthatmuchofthesurfacenotcoveredbywind-bornedustappeartobecomposedofunweatheredmaterial.Ifwaterflowedforanperiod,researchersreasoned,itshouldhavealteredandweatheredthevolcanicminerals,creatingclaysorotheroxidized,hydratedphases(mineralsthatincorporatewatermoleculesintheircrystalItturnsout,though,thatthescientistswerenotlookingcloselyenough.Newhigh-resolutionmapdataandclose-upsurfacestudieshaverevealedclaysandotherhydratedmineralsinmanyregions.Theclaydepositsarescatteredallover,inancientvolcanicsurfacesandheavilycrateredhighlandregions,someofwhichhaveapparentlybeenexposedbyerosiononlyrecently.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsareabletodiscoverweatheredmaterialontheMartiansurfacebecausetheyhavebenefitedfromwhichofthefollowing?AnewmethodtoyzevolcaniccraterscreatedontheMartianAnimprovedabilitytodetecthydratedmaterialsontheMartianAmoresophisticatedunderstandingoftheeffectofwind-bornedustontheMartiansurfaceD.AdecisiontolookforwaterprimarilyinheavilycrateredhighlandE.AbetterunderstandingofhowerosionmightaffectclayConsidereachofthechoicesseparayandselectallthatItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthereasoningdiscussedinthehighlightedsentence?ItprovidesthebasisforanexplanationofwhywateronMarshasbeendifficulttofinduntilrecently.ItcorrectlyidentifiesaconsequenceofwaterflowingontheMartiansurface.ItdependsonafalseassumptionabouthowwaterandvolcanicmaterialsinteractonMars.必須掌握的5種推理~~p=p→qSo,p→So,~pp→So,~q→p→qq→rSo,p→研：Mars~warm~wet←表↑研：wet→↑e.g.c,o,【轉(zhuǎn)】研：瞎新科技→c,h（到處有SomearchaeologistsspeculatethattheAmericasmighthavebeeninitiallycolonizedbetween40,000and25,000yearsago.However,tosupportthistheoryitisnecessarytoexplaintheabsenceofgenerallyacceptedhabitationsitesforthattimeintervalinwhatisnowtheUnitedStates.Australia,whichhasasmallerlandareathantheUnitedStates,hasmanysuchsites,supportingthegenerallyacceptedclaimthatthecontinentwascolonizedbyhumansatleast40,000yearsago.Australiaislessdenselypopulated(resultinginlowerchancesofdiscoveringsites)andwithitsoverallgreaterwouldhavepresentedconditionslessfavorableforhunter-gathereroccupation.Proportionally,atleastasmuchlandareahasbeenlostfromthecoastalregionsofAustraliabecauseofpostglacialsea-levelriseasintheUnitedStates,soanycoastalarchaeologicalrecordinAustraliashouldhavebeendepletedaboutasmuchasacoastalrecordintheUnitedStates.Sincetherearesomanyresource-richriversleadinginlandfromtheUnitedStatescoastlines,itseemsimplausiblethatagrowingpopulationofhumanswouldhaveconfineditselftocoastsforthousandsofyears.Ifinhabitantswerepresent25,000yearsago,thechancesoftheirappearinginthearchaeologicalrecordwouldseemtobegreaterthanforAustralia.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith ngwhichofthepresentinganobjectiontoaaccountingforanapparent ternativeCorrectingaparticularQuestioningthevalidityofaTheauthorofthepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabout25,000yearsago?ThecoastlineoftheregionthatisnowtheUnitedStatesislongerthanitwas40,000yearsago.RiversinwhatisnowtheUnitedStateswerenumerousthantheyarenow.AustraliawaslessdenselypopulatedatthattimethanwastheregionthatisnowtheUnitedStates.Australia’sclimatewassignificantlydrierthanitisGlobalsealevelwaslowerthanitisTheauthorofthepassageimpliesthat,inwhatisnowtheUnitedStates,archaeologicalevidenceofinhabitationintheperiodfrom40,000to25,000yearsagoislackingbecausethatregionishaditsoldesthabitationsitesinundatedfollowingapostglacialriseinsealevelhasmanyresource-richriversthatfacilitatedthedispersalofearlyinhabitantsfromaninitialconcentrationincoastalareaswassparselypopulateduntilabout25,000yearswascolonizedlessthan25,000yearswasinhabitedonlybyhunter-gatherersuntil25,000yearsSpeculation=考古：美4w-2.5w被【轉(zhuǎn) 找不到遺跡澳：有遺跡→4w被占面積：澳<美密度：澳<美→找到遺跡%：澳<美干旱：澳>美→宜居：澳<美被淹：澳≈美→遺跡丟失：美：內(nèi)陸河流資源豐富~只住海↓4w-2.5w被占→美：該有遺（~沒(méi)有遺跡（所以，美不是4w-2.5w被占AMarxistsociologisthasarguedthatracismstemsfromtheclassstrugglethatisuniquetothecapitalistsystem—thatracialprejudiceisgeneratedbycapitalistsasameansofcontrollingworkers.HisthesisworksrelativelywellwhenappliedtodiscriminationagainstBlacksintheUnitedStates,buthisdefinitionofracialprejudiceas“racially-basednegativeprejudgmentsagainstagroupgenerallyacceptedasaraceinanygivenregionofethniccompetition,”canbeinterpretedasalsoincludinghostilitytowardsuchethnicgroupsastheChineseinCaliforniaandtheJewsinmedievalEurope.However,sinceprejudiceagainsttheselatterpeopleswasnotinspiredbycapitalists,hehastoreasonthatsuchantagonismswerenotreallybasedonrace.Hedisposesthusly(albeitunconvincingly)ofboththeintolerancefacedbyJewsbeforetheriseofcapitalismandtheearlytwentieth-centurydiscriminationagainstOrientalpeopleinCalifornia,which,inconveniently,wasinstigatedbyThepassagesinformationthatwouldanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?WhataccountsfortheprejudiceagainsttheJewsinmedievalWhatconditionscausedthediscriminationagainstOrientalpeopleinCaliforniaintheearlytwentiethcentury?WhichgroupsarenotinethniccompetitionwitheachotherintheUnitedStates?WhatexplanationdidtheMarxistsociologistgivefortheexistenceofracialprejudice?WhatevidencedidtheMarxistsociologistprovidetosupporthisTheauthorconsiderstheMarxistsociologist’sthesisaboutoriginsofracialprejudicetoItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheMarxistsociologistwouldarguethatinanoncapitalistsocietyracialprejudicewouldbeAccordingtothepassage,theMarxistsociologist’schainofreasoningrequiredhimtoassertthatprejudicetowardOrientalpeopleinCaliforniawasdirectedprimarilyagainstthesimilarinorigintoprejudiceagainsttheunderstoodbyOrientalpeopleasethnicprovokedbynonracialincharacterOriginal–DerivativeM:控工←r←cs←黑：√【轉(zhuǎn)】DEFP猶P【轉(zhuǎn)】PP中不←↓MP猶P中不（）→ 工作業(yè)Biologistsknowthatsomemarinealgaecancreatecloudsbyproducingthegasdimethylsulphide(DMS),whichreactswithoxygeninairabovetheseatoformsolidparticles.Theseparticlesprovideasurfaceonwhichwatervaporcancondensetoformclouds.Lovelockcontendsthatthisprocessispartofglobalclimatic-controlsystem.AccordingtoLovelock,Earthactslikeasuperanism,withallitsbiologicalandphysicalsystemscooperatingtokeepitHehypothesizedthatwarmerconditionsincreasealgalactivityandDMSoutput,seedingmoreclouds,whichcooltheplanetbyblockingouttheSun.Then,astheclimatecools,algalactivityandDMSleveldecreaseandthecyclecontinues.Inresponsetobiologistswhoquestionhowanismspresumablyworkingfortheirownselfishendscouldhaveevolvedtobehaveinawaythatbenefitsnotonlytheplanetbuttheanismsaswell,coolingbenefitsthealgae,whichremainattheoceansurface,becauseitallowsthecooledupperlayersoftheoceantosink,andthenthecirculatingwatercarriesnutrientsupwardfromthedepthsbelow.AlgaemayalsobenefitfromnitrogenrainingdownfromcloudstheyhavehelpedtoAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingoccursasaresultofcoolingintheupperlayersoftheocean?Theconcentrationofoxygenintheairabovetheocean’sTheconcentrationofDMSintheairabovetheocean’sThenutrientsupplyatthesurfaceoftheoceanisCloudformationincreasesovertheMarinealgaemakemoreefficientuseofWhichofthefollowingismostsimilartotheroleplayedbymarinealgaeintheglobalclimatecontrolsystemproposedbyLovelock?Afanthatcontinuallyreplacesstaleairinaroomwithfreshairfromoutside.Athermostatthatautomaticallycontrolsanair-conditioningAninsulatingblanketthatretainsAfilterusedtopurifyAdehumidifierthatconstantlyremovesmoisturefromtheairinaroom.Thepassagementionsthepossiblebenefittoalgaeofnitrogenfallingdownintherainmostlikelyinorderto mentionedintheSuggestthattheclimaticeffectsofDMSproductionhavebeenAcknowledgethatLovelock’shypothesisisbasedinpartDemonstratethatDMSproductionalterstheplanetinmorethanoneway.AssertthatalgaearethesolebeneficiariesofDMS藻→+→顆 +→云 GlobalT↑→藻DMS↑→云【轉(zhuǎn)】生：服務(wù)地球服務(wù)自身【轉(zhuǎn)】LL:T表水↓→營(yíng)養(yǎng)↑云→N2↓ysisofprehistoricairtrappedintinybubblesbeneaththepolaricesheetsandofthecompositionoficesurroundingthosebubblessuggestsacorrelationbetweencarbondioxidelevelsintheEarth’satmosphereandglobaltemperatureoverthelast160,000years.Estimatesofglobaltemperatureatthetime(airinthebubbleswastrapped)relyonmeasuringtherelativeabundancesofhydrogenanditsheavierisotope,deuterium,intheicesurroundingthebubbles.Whenglobaltemperaturesarerelativelylow,watercontainingdeuteriumtendstocondenseandprecipitatereachingthepoles;thus,icedepositedatthepoleswhentheglobaltemperaturewascoolercontainedrelativelylessdeuteriumthanicedepositedatwarmerglobaltemperatures.Estimatesofglobaltemperaturebasedonthisinformation,combinedwithysisofthecarbondioxidecontentofairtrappedinicedeepbeneaththepolarsurface,suggestthatduringperiodsofpostglacialwarmingcarbondioxideintheEarth’satmosphereincreasedbyapproximay40percent.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithngwhichofthefollowing?Describinganewmethodofestimatingdecreasesinglobaltemperaturethathaveoccurredoverthelast160,000yearsDescribingamethodofysisthatprovidesinformationregardingtherelationbetweenthecarbondioxidecontentoftheEarth’satmosphereandglobaltemperaturePresentinginformationthatsuggeststhatglobaltemperaturehasincreasedoverthelast160,000yearsDescribingthekindsofinformationthatcanbegleanedfromacarefulysisofthecontentsofsheetsDemonstratingthedifficultyofarrivingatafirmconclusionregardinghowincreasesintheamountofcarbondioxideinEarth’satmosphereaffectglobalItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatduringperiodsofpostglacialwarming,whichofthefollowingoccurred?Thetotalvolumeofairtrappedinbubblesbeneaththepolaricesheetsincreased.TheamountofdeuteriuminicedepositedatthepolesCarbondioxidelevelsintheEarthatmosphereTheamountofhydrogenintheEarth’satmosphererelativelytheamountofTherateatwhichicewasdepositedatthepolesTheauthorstatesthatthereisevidencetosupportwhichofthefollowingassertions?Estimatesofglobaltemperaturethatrelyonmeasurementsofdeuteriuminicedepositedatthepolesaremorereliablethanthosebasedontheamountofcarbondioxidecontainedinairbubblesbeneaththepolarsurface.TheamountofdeuteriumintheEarth’satmospheretendsincreaseasglobaltemperaturePeriodsofpostglacialwarmingarecharacterizedbytheofincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheEarth’sIncreasesinglobaltemperatureoverthelast160,000yearsarelargelytheresultofincreasesintheratioofdeuteriumtohydrogenintheEarth’satmosphere.Increasesinglobaltemperatureoverthelast160,000yearshave paniedbydecreasesintheamountofdeuteriumintheicedepositedatthepoles.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheconclusionstatedinthelastsentencewouldneedtobereevaluatedifscientistsdiscoveredthatwhichofthefollowingweretrue?Theamountofdeuteriuminicedepositedonthepolarsurfaceissignificantlygreaterthantheamountofdeuteriuminicelocateddeepbeneaththepolarsurface.Boththeairbubblestrappeddeepbeneaththepolarsurfaceandtheicesurroundingthemcontainrelativelylowlevelsofdeuterium.Airbubblestrappeddeepbeneaththepolarsurfaceandcontainingrelativelyhighlevelsofcarbondioxidearesurroundedbyicethatcontainedrelativelylowlevelsofdeuterium.ThecurrentlevelofcarbondioxideintheEarth’satmosphereexceedsthelevelofcarbondioxideintheprehistoricairtrappedbeneaththepolarsurface.IncreasesinthelevelofcarbondioxideintheEarth’s paniedbyincreasesintheamountofdeuteriumintheicedepositedatthepoles.Air+CO2~TT← T↓→D水凝結(jié)→ CO2↑CO2←閱讀削弱題明顯–Whichofthefollowingwouldweaken原文中的某個(gè)觀不明顯–~Cwouldhappen,ifwhichofthefollowingistrue?（原文說(shuō)的是C）P↓C后在這個(gè)前提上挑刺。而且，假如某個(gè)選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的，原文一定說(shuō)是這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的Passage（SM→亞表面）→（SM→油↑安排wt源成grid→起動(dòng)wt→wt↓(v←e)→穿石→e變↑d→反彈→記錄→修正→結(jié)合→亞表面→↑e.gpd,其它wt,多反Day邏輯單兩種常見的文章類型Paradox（悖論）：萬(wàn)煒長(zhǎng)得特別帥，但是他卻從來(lái)都沒(méi)有過(guò)女朋AnargumentisasetofstatementsinwhichoneofthestatementsissupportedbytheThesupportedstatementiscalledtheConclusion.ThesupportingstatementsarecalledthePremises.↓你這么晚都沒(méi)睡，明天你肯定會(huì)頭疼。（是論證這次我考得很糟糕，一定是因?yàn)槔蠋熤v錯(cuò)了。（是論證一、Boldface黑體字功能↓Sub-↓Premise:support,evidence,ground,Sub-conclusion:intermediary-Conclusion:view,opinion,(suggestion, advice,prediction,explanation,hypothesis,theory)韓巍認(rèn)為萬(wàn)煒長(zhǎng)得很帥，理由是他覺(jué)得萬(wàn)煒走在的回頭率很高。因?yàn)樗麕洠且驗(yàn)?。一個(gè)一米八的大漢，走在馬路中間，穿Intheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles? statesthereasonbehindaclaimthespeakerseekstorefute;thesecondisthespeaker’sposition.AtacertainperiodinEarth’shistory,itsatmospherecontainedalmostnooxygen,althoughplantswereproducingvasttiesofoxygen.Asawayofreconcilingthesetwofacts,scientistshavehypothesizedthatnearlyalloftheoxygenbeingproducedwastakenupbyirononEarth’ssurface.Clearly,however,thisexplanationisinadequate.NewstudiesshowthattheamountofirononEarth’ssurfacewasnotsufficienttoabsorbanywherenearasmuchoxygenaswasbeingproduced.Therefore,somethinginadditiontotheirononEarth’ssurfacemusthaveabsorbedmuchoftheoxygenproducedbyplantlife.Intheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles? isaclaimmadebytheargumentinsupportofacertainposition;thesecondisthatposition. isajudgmentmadebytheargumentaboutacertainexplanation;thesecondisthatexplanation. expressestheargument’sdismissalofanobjectiontopositionitseekstoestablish;thesecondisthat sumsuptheargument’spositionwithregardtoahypothesis;thesecondprovidesgroundsforthatTheisaconcessionbytheargumentthatitsinitialformulationofthepositionitseekstoestablishrequiresmodification;thesecondpresentsthatpositioninamodifiedform.Rain-soakedsoilcontainslessoxygenthandoesdriersoil.Therootsofmelonplantsperformlessefficientlyunderthelow-oxygenconditionspresentinrainsoakedsoil.Whentheefficiencyofmelonrootsisimpaired,therootsdonotsupplysufficientamountsofthepropernutrientsfortheplantstoperformphotosynthesisattheirusuallevels.Itfollowsthatmelonplantshavealower-than-usualrateofphotosynthesiswhentheirrootsareinrain-soakedsoil.Whenthephotosynthesisoftheplantsslows,sugarstoredinthefruitsisdrawnafteraprolongedperiodofheavyrainshouldbelesssweetotherripeIntheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?Thestatestheconclusionoftheargumentasawhole;thesecondprovidessupportforthatconclusion.Theprovidessupportfortheconclusionoftheargumentasawhole;thesecondprovidesevidencethatsupportsanobjectiontothatconclusion.Theprovidessupportforanintermediateconclusionthatsupportsafurtherconclusionstatedintheargument;thesecondstatesthatintermediateconclusion.Theservesasanintermediateconclusionthatsupportsafurtherconclusionstatedintheargument;thesecondstatesthepositionthattheargumentasawholeopposes.Thestatesthepositionthattheargumentasawholeopposes;thesecondsupportstheconclusionoftheargument.水↑→氧↓+氧↓→根↓水↑→根↓+根↓→光合↑水↑→光合↓+光合↓→糖↓水糖↓二、Inference歸納題/反歸納題韓巍長(zhǎng)得很黑，而很黑的人半夜都看不見Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestbesupportedbytheinformationabove?/Whichofthefollowingcanbemostreliablydrawnfromtheinformationabove?答：韓巍半夜看不見Whichofthefollowingmostcontradictstheinformation答：韓巍半夜清晰可見Aten-yearcomparisonbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionintermsofcropyieldsperacrerevealedthatwhenonlyplantedacreageiscompared,Sovietyieldswereequalto68percentofUnitedStatesyields.Whentotalagriculturalacreage(plantedacreageplusfallowacreage)iscompared,however,Sovietyieldwas114percentofUnitedStatesyield.Fromtheinformationabove,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablyinferredaboutUnitedStatesandSovietagricultureduringtheten-yearperiod?AhigherpercentageoftotalagriculturalacreagewasfallowintheUnitedStatesthanintheSovietUnion.TheUnitedStateshadmorefallowacreagethanplantedFewertotalacresofavailableagriculturallandwerefallowintheSovietUnionthanintheUnitedStates.TheSovietUnionhadmoreplantedacreagethanfallowTheSovietUnionproducedagreatervolumeofcropsthantheUnitedStatesproduced.總產(chǎn)量/耕種面積：美> 10/100,10/200→總產(chǎn)量/（耕種+休耕）面積：美<10/400,10/300→三、Explanation解釋題（只出現(xiàn)在悖論中邏輯單題的做題原則：先看題目要求，再回頭讀文章萬(wàn)煒長(zhǎng)得非常帥，但是他卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有談過(guò)女朋友Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldhelpresolve/explaintheapparentparadoxpresentedabove?解釋萬(wàn)煒從來(lái)沒(méi)有談過(guò)女朋友，但是他其實(shí)很帥的Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldhelpresolve/explaintheapparentparadoxpresentedabove?解釋解釋題的做題步驟概括悖論的兩邊成A,butB的結(jié)構(gòu)（必須體現(xiàn)思考需要解釋哪一邊（在有因果關(guān)系時(shí)，解釋結(jié)果找選項(xiàng)DuringthedayinLakeConstance,thezooplanktonD.hyalinadepartsforthedepthswherefoodisscarceandthewatercold.D.galeataremainsnearthewarmsurfacewherefoodisabundant.EventhoughD.galeatagrowsandreproducesmuchfaster,itspopulationisoftenoutnumberedbyD.hyalina.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldhelpresolvetheapparentparadoxpresentedabove?ThenumberofspeciesofzooplanktonlivingatthebottomoflakeistwicethatofspecieslivingatthePredatorsofzooplankton,suchaswhitefishandperch,liveandfeednearthesurfaceofthelakeduringtheday.Inordertomakethemostofscarcefoodresources,D.hyalinematuresmoreslowlythanD.galeata.D. lustersundervegetationduringthehottestpartofdaytoavoidtheSun’sD.galeataproducestwiceasmanyoffspringperindividualinanygivenperiodoftimeasdoesD.hyalina.Inthepasttenyears,therehavebeenseveralimprovementsinmountain-climbingequipment.Theseimprovementshavemadethesportbothsaferandmoreenjoyableforexperiencedclimbers.Despitetheseimprovements,however,therateofmountainclimbinginjurieshasdoubledinthepasttenyears.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,bestreconcilestheapparentdiscrepancypresentedinthepassage?Manyclimbers,lulledintoafalsesenseofsecurity,usethenewequipmenttoattemptclimbingfeatsofwhichtheyarenotcapable.Somemountain-climbinginjuriesarecausedbyunforeseeableweatherconditions.Mountainclimbing,althoughadangeroussport,doesnotnormallyresultininjurytotheexperiencedclimber