英語知識點-詞義辨析have用法小結

have一、have表示“有”的意思Look,Ihavewings,justlikeyou.Hehadfairhairandblueeyes.注：其否定和疑問形式變化，在通常用助動詞do。在英國口語中常用havegot代替have.Look,can’tyouseeI'vegotteethtooIhaven'tgotanyhave和一些其他名詞連用，表示一種活WehavenoclassesonSunday.（上課They’regoingtohaveavolleyballmatch.（舉行比賽）Arewegoingtohaveameetingthisweek?（開會）Wearegoingtohaveatalkthisafternoon.（聽報告）患病Ihavegotaheadache.Ihaveabadcold.(3)發(fā)生的情I'vehadsomanyfallsthatI'mblackandblueallover.（跌跤(4)ThequeenantmayhavetensofthousandsofbabiesinoneAreyougoingtohaveaswim.Ihavealongtalkwiththehaveonsth.havesthon，表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=tobewearing)InoticedhehadonbedroomAttheballMotilehadadiamondnecklace表示“吃”、“喝”Iwantedtohaveacupofteaandsomeeggs.Doesshehavelunchathome?組成復合結構即“have＋賓語＋賓語補足語”不加to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語(havesb.dosth.)，表示讓、叫做Thesoldierhadhimstandwithhisbacktohis〔注否定結構表示“不能讓…”或“從未有人Wewon'thaveyoublameitonShehadneverhadanybodyspeaktoherthatway現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語(have ng)，表示讓（使）做某事…thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnight過去分詞作賓語補足語(havesb.(sth.)done)，表示①使（讓，請）別人作某事，表示的動作是別人做的EmperorQinShiHuanghadallthewallsjoined…h(huán)eshouldhavenewclothesmadeofthissplendidclothforthegreat②遭遇到某事HousesnearairportssometimeshavetheirwindowsWorkersinsomeindustrieshavetheirhearingharmedbythenoiseofthe二、have與to一起構成情態(tài)動詞，表示“不得不”、“必須”，可用于各種時Ihavetolookafterherat三、have做助動詞與動詞的過去分詞一起構成現(xiàn)在完成時Greatchangeshavetakenplacethelasttwoyears.TheysaidthattheArabhadstolentheircamel.四、have用于“情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”的結構，有mut＋haeHerfatherthoughtthatshemusthavemetafairy.Youmusthaveleftyourbaginthetheatre.can(could)＋hae＋過去分詞，表示對過去發(fā)生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑問句。Hecan'thavebeentoyourhome,hedoesn'tknowyouraddress.Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.五、have用于某些成語，表示固定的意思haveaword(afewwords)withsb.，表示和說一（幾）句話Where'sPeter?Iwanttohaveawordwithhadbetter＋不帶to的動詞不定式，表示“…最好…”I'dbettergoandlookforhimhavenothing(something)todowith，表示“和…無（有）”關系。MostofquestionshadnothingtodowithEdison'slessons.HAVE的用法助動詞have+過去分詞構成完成時Ihaveneverseensuchastrange我從未見過這么奇怪的Yes,hehasbeenheretwicebuthasn'thadhishaircut是啊,他來了兩次還沒把頭發(fā)理了He'sgonetoyour他去你家HAVE+賓語+過去分詞表示讓某事由做CanIhavemyhaircut你現(xiàn)在可以給我理發(fā)嗎Oh,youhaven'thadyourhaircut噢,你還沒理發(fā)呀HAVE+賓語+不定詞表示請或讓做某事OrIcanhavemyassistanthelp 或者我可以讓助手幫我來做have作為本動詞表示"有、擁有"的意思No,Idon'thavemuch不行,我沒那么多時間Oh,youstillhavemanycustomers噢,你今天還有很多顧客①haveto通常指由于客觀原因則不得不做某事，意思為“不得不”e.g.It'sdarknow.Ihavetogo天黑了，我不得不回It'sraining,andIhavetostayat一、haveto與一般情態(tài)動詞的異同相同點不同點、一般的情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，而且所用的時態(tài)也受到一定的限制，而haeto有人稱和數(shù)的變化?？捎糜诙喾N時態(tài)中：一般現(xiàn)在時中當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時要用hastohaethadtillhaeto.e.g.Shehastogotoschoolby她不得不乘公汽上學You'llhavetoseethedoctorifyouget如果你生病了，就得去看醫(yī)2、否定句和疑問句的構成方式不同①一般的情態(tài)動詞直接在后面加not構成否定句，把這些情態(tài)動詞提到句首就構②而haveto的否定句和疑問句的構成往往要借助于助動詞do的適當形式或助動詞willhaveto,hasto,hadtowillhaveto的否定式分別為don'thaveto,相應形式，句中還原成haveto或把will放到句首，這里haveto簡直就是一個十e.g.Whatdoesshehaveto她必須做什么Youdidn'thavetowaitforme昨天你沒有必要等v.（動詞had[h2d]hav.ing，v.tr.（及物動詞Tobeinpossession擁有alreadyhada已經(jīng)有一輛Topossessasacharacteristic,quality,or氣質：有…的特征、性質或功能hasabeard;hadagreatdealof蓄著胡子；精力充Topossessorcontainasaconstituentpart:acarthathasanautomatictransmission.Tooccupyaparticularrelation有特殊關系hadagreatmany有很多Topossessknowledgeoforfacility具有某方面的知識或才能hasverylittle懂很少一點西班牙Toholdinthemind;保持在腦中；懷抱haddoubtsabouttheir對他們的忠誠懷有疑Touseorexhibitin發(fā)揮：通過行動來運用或顯have發(fā)揮同Tocomeintopossessionof;占有；獲得Notonecopyofthebookwastobehadintheentire整個城鎮(zhèn)都沒有這本收到；得到Ihadaletterfrommy我收到堂弟寄來的接受；收納I'llhavethegreenpeasinsteadofthe要份青豆而不是經(jīng)受，havedefective視力不Tobesubjecttotheexperience經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗hadadifficulttimelast去年冬天日子不好Tocauseto,asbypersuasionorhadmyassistantruntheerrand.讓助手跑腿Tocauseto使…成為hadeveryone把每個人都吸引住允許；Iwon'thavethatkindofbehaviorinmy在我家中我可不允許做那種Tocarryon,perform,orhaveanargument.Toplaceata把…置于不利狀Youropponentinthedebatehadyouonevery你的對手在爭論中使你在每個問題上都處于下InformalTogetthebetterof,especiallybytrickeryor【非正式用語】利用：尤指通過詭計或利用Theyrealizedtoolatethatthey'dbeenhadbya他們發(fā)現(xiàn)被一個耍了，但為時已InformalToinfluencebydishonestmeans;【非正式用語】賄賂：通過不正當影響；賄賂anincorruptibleofficialwhocouldnotbe一位不為賄賂所動的廉潔繁殖（后代wantedtohavea想要一個孩Togivebirthto;生；She'sgoingtohavea她就要生孩子havelunch.Tobeobligedto;被迫：必須Wesimplyhavetogetthereon不得時趕到那 ：與…產(chǎn)生性關v.aux.（助動詞Usedwithtparticipletoformthepresentperfect,pastperfect,andfutureperfecttensesindicatingcompletedaction:Thetroublemakerhasgonefood.IregrettedthatIhadlostmytemper.Theywillhavefinishedbythetimewearrive.那搗蛋鬼已走上了正路我對我曾大發(fā)脾氣感到后悔他們會在到那里的時候完成的n.（名詞Oneenjoyingespeciallymaterial富人：尤指享受物質的人Almostovernight,therewasanewandwidespreadhostilityonthepartofthehavestowardthehave-nots“幾乎是之間，富人們就對窮人們滋生出一種新的和的”(小haveathaveon穿戴hadonred穿紅色策劃：被安排在計劃之內(nèi)Wehaveadinnerpartyonfortomorrow明天晚上打算參加晚havedonewith停止；結束Havedonewithyourfoolish結束你那愚蠢的詭havehadit【非正式用Tohaveenduredallthatone忍無可忍：盡一個人最大的努力忍I'vehaditwiththeir對他們的拖拉我已忍到頭Tobeinastatebeyondremedyrepairorsalvage:無法恢復：處于一種無療、修補或拯救的狀態(tài)：Thatcoathashadit.那件上衣已經(jīng)破爛Tohavedoneeverythingthatispossibleorthatwillbe已做完可能做的或被允許的一切事haveitinforTointendtoharm,especiallybecauseofa尤指由于嫉恨而想haveitTosettledecisively,especiallybymeansofanargumentora尤指通過爭辯或段最終解have(something)Todeservewhatone得到應得之物Youhadthatreprimandcomingforaverylong你早該挨罵havetodoTobeconcernedorassociated與…有聯(lián)系或關MiddleEnglish中古英語fromOldEnglishhabban*see源自古英語habban*參見[hAv;hEv,Ev,v;hAf](過去式和過去分詞為hadhAd];第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式為hashAz;hEz,Ez])[構成各種完成形式]業(yè)已,曾經(jīng)Youhaven'tbeenabroadbefore,have你以前沒出過國,是吧用于虛擬語氣Iftheyhad[hadthey]time,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelp如果他們有時間,他們一定會來幫助有,懷有,含有知道,了解,懂得吃;吸(煙)得到,收到;拿允許,體驗;享受;經(jīng)[;碰[賓語補足語用不帶to的不定式表示]使[讓、叫]做某[賓語補足語用過去分詞等結構表示]使(在)不得不,必須(to)從事,進行,作(某事)顯示,表現(xiàn)表明,說,主[英俚];[口]打敗,勝過haveone'shaircutH-acupof喝杯茶嗎Ihadaparcelyesterday.我昨天收到了。Youwerehad!你受騙Hehadhishands他把手燒壞了Ihadtowalkveryfasttoovertake我不得不快走才能趕過你Iwon'thaveAshehasit.[常用復][口]有產(chǎn)者,;(天然資源多的)富國[英俚],詐騙thehavesandthehave-和窮人;富國和be受騙,上當hadratherhadsoonerIwon'thave[口]我這樣的事Lethimhave給他一點顏色看看;地收拾他;給他一槍nothaving[口]不同意;不感tohaveandto【律】享有,保Whata[口]真會!whathaveyou諸如此類的事物,等haveabout隨身haveat[口]撲向();();與()比高低haveback(havesthback)要回,收(havesb.back)允許(分離后的配偶或)回到自己身邊haveby同(某)生了(小孩)havehadit受夠了,忍無可錯過機會;了;沒希望(女人)被誘havein(=have(havesb.in)邀請到家里(havesth.in)[備]haveit優(yōu)越,有挨罵;遭殃;(亦作have"it")有,有性的力haveit[俚](同)亂搞男女關系,私haveit[俚](同)亂搞男女關系,私haveitawaywith[俚](同)亂搞男女關系,私haveitoffwith[俚](同)亂搞男女關系,私haveitcoming(to[美](受獎,受罰等)是應得的,是理所當然haveithaveiteasyhaveitsofthaveitinforsb.[美,口]對懷恨在心,伺機haveitin[口]有本領,有氣haveit[口](同)一決雌雄;(同)講個明白haveitouthaveitout[口](同)一決雌雄;(同)講個明白haveitover(=haveitallover)[口]勝過,比...haveiton=haveitallover)[口]勝過,比...強haveit堅持,硬havenotmuchtodo與...無多大關have穿著;戴有(某事)要做;有(某項)[口]捉弄有理由認為()應負責;掌握()的事實[ havesb.擊敗[勝過][口]難住;抓住的錯havesb.請來家做客(一般指請吃飯,喝茶等)havesb.over請來家做客(一般指請吃飯,喝茶等)havesb.round請來家做客(一般指請吃飯,喝茶等)havesb.down請來家做客(常指從城市到鄉(xiāng)下,從北方到南方)havesb.up把請來作客(通常指從鄉(xiāng)下到城內(nèi)或從低地到高地)[口]傳喚()到面前[口][]havesth.todo與...有havesth.因某事不喜歡havesth.off(=havegotsth.off能背誦,諳havesth.on(或one's havesth.aboutone(或 )隨身havesth.(請牙醫(yī),外科醫(yī)生等)把某物取出[切除]坦率地某事;把某事講個明白讓()做完(某事)haveto[havegotto]不得不,只haveto[美,口]肯定是...,是...havetodowith與...有關;與...來往havewhatittakes參考資料：金山詞霸助動詞have的用1）have+過去分詞，構成完成時態(tài)例如HehasleftforLondon.他已去了倫敦 oflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.上月未為止，2）havebeen現(xiàn)在分詞，構成完成進行時例如IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforten我一直在，已達十年之久3）have+been+過去分詞，構成完成式語態(tài)例如EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyLet’sgetreadyforclass.準備上課I’msorryI’mlate./Excusemeforcominglate.對不起，我了Pleasecomeearliernexttime.下次請早點Classbegins.Iseveryonehere?都到齊了嗎?Whatdayistoday?今天是星期What’sthedatetoday?今天是幾LiHong,haveyoucollectedalltheexercise-books?，作業(yè)本都收齊了Hereareyourexercise-booksPleasehandthemout.這是練習本，請發(fā)下去Monitor,wouldyoupleasefetchsomechalkforme?班長，能幫我去拿些粉Openyourbooksplease.請翻開pleaseturntoPage12.請翻開書到12頁Pleasetakeoutyournotebooks/exercisebooks.請拿出筆記本/練習Nomoretalking,please.請安靜Attention,please.請注意Let’shaveadictation.讓來聽寫We’regoingtohaveanewlessontoday.今天要上新課let’shavearevision.首先 下Whocananswerthisquestion?誰能回答這個問Doyouhaveanyquestions?有問題嗎Letmesee.讓我看看/想想Putupyourhandsifyouhaveanyquestions.如果有問題請舉Raiseyourhandsplease.請舉Handsdown.把手放下Repeatafterme/Followme.Listentomeplease.請聽我說Lookattheblackboard/screenplease.請看黑板/Alleyesonme,please.請都我Canyousolvethisproblem?能做出這道題嗎Readslowlyandclearly.讀慢一點，清楚一Whowantstotry?誰想試一Whowants tontheblackboard?誰愿意到黑板上來做Areyouthrough?做完了嗎Haveyoufinished?做完了嗎Youdidaverygoodjob.做得不Verygood./GoodtryWelldone!完成得不錯Terrific!/Wonderful!Excellent!很棒Pleasegivehimherabighand.請給他/她一些掌聲Canyoufollowme?能跟上嗎Doyouunderstand?你聽懂了嗎Don’tbenervous.不要緊張Anyonecanhelphim/her?幫他/她一下Anyvolunteers?誰自愿回答Ibegyourpardon?對不起，能再說一遍Takeiteasy.請放心/別緊Bebrave/active,please.請/主動些Whowantstotry?試試Comeuptothefrontplease.請到前面來Gobacktoyourse