(完整版)雅思托福基礎(chǔ)測試題

ModelTest(Basic)

vocabulary

partI(20分)

Thegovernmentisdeterminedtoprotectitstobacco.

A)monopolyB)monotonyC)monologueD)monograph

Apparentlyininterviewsherefusestotalkabouthislife.

A)privacyB)privateC)universeD)unify

Hedecidedtopostponetheirholidaynextyear.

A)onB)forC)untilD)in

Withintwoweeksofarrival,allforeignershadtowiththelocalpolice.

A)inquireB)consultC)registerD)profession

Ashehasourpatience,we'llnotwaitforhimanylonger.

A)tornB)wastedC)exhaustedD)consumed

Theseteacherstrytobeobjectivewhentheytheintegratedabilityof

theirstudents.

A)justifyB)evaluateC)indicateD)reckon

Mrs.Morris'sdaughterisprettyand,andmanygirlsenvyher.

A)slenderB)lightC)faintD)minor

TomorrowthemayoristoagroupofCanadianbusinessmenonatourofthecity.

A)coordinateB)cooperateC)accompanyD)associate

NormanDaviswillberememberedbymanywithnotonlyasagreat

scholarbutalsoasamostdelightfulandfaithfulfriend.

A)kindnessB)friendlinessC)warmthD)affection

Technologicalhasbeensorapidoverthelastfewyears.

A)retrogradeB)retrogressC)progressD)project

Salariesforpositionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.

A)legalB)optionalC)voluntaryD)temporary

Heneverarrivesontimeandmyisthathefeelsthemeetingsareuseless.

A)preferenceB)conferenceC)inferenceD)reference

13.Itisobviousthatthisnewruleisapplicabletoeveryonewithout.

A)exceptionB)exclusionC)modificationD)substitution

Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisinghasthequalityof

theprograms.

A)lessenedB)declinedC)affectedD)effected

Theatthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.

A)conventionB)confinementC)principleD)discipline

There'snotmuchthatthiswarwillbeoversoon.

A)prospectB)processC)foregroundD)profess

ItwasthefirsttimethatsuchahadtobetakenataBritishnuclearpower

station.

A)presentationB)precautionC)preparationD)prediction

18.Shefeltwhenherclosestfriendmovedaway.

A)desolateB)solaceC)insulateD)repugnant

Youshouldtrytoyourambitionandbemorerealistic.

A)reserveB)restrainC)retainD)replace

Theship'sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperatedinsteadofmec

hanically.

A)artificiallyB)automaticallyC)manuallyD)synthetically

PartII(10分)

l.Shealsophotographsawayfromherstudioatvariousarchitecturalsites,bringingcamera,lights,mirrors,andacrewofassistantstotransformthesiteintoherownabstractimage.

Theword"transform"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A)moveB)extendC)changeD)interpret

Theupperendoftheseaanemonehasamouthsurroundedbytentaclesthattheanimalstocaptureitsfood.

Theword"capture"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A)catchB)controlC)coverD)clean

Whendisturbed,aseaanemoneretractsitstentaclesandshortensitsbodysothat

itresemblesalumponarock.

Theword"retracts"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A)pullsbackB)relaxesC)reproducesD)liftsup

Nevertheless,manylocalresidentswanttoretaintheexistingthecharacterofthearea.Theword"retain"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A)preserveB)possessC)enjoyD)improve

Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithina

fewgenerations.Theword"shattered"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

A)arrangedB)dissolvedC)brokenapartD)gatheredtogether

Grammar（30分）

Accordingtothelaw,haveanequalrighttoaneducation.

everyofchildrenB.everychildC.allofchildrenD.allchildren

Theworkersinthatfactoryarepaid.

bythehourB.byanhourC.byhourD.byhours

Theytalkedabouttheproblemamong.

themB.eachotherC.themselvesD.oneanother

Agoodwriteriswhocanexpressthecommonplaceinanuncommonway.

thatB.heC.oneD.this

Whichdoyouthink,wealthorhealth?

A.bestB.betterC.thebetterD.thebest

Thesizeofthatislandisaboutthatofthisone.

A.threetimesasmuchasB.asthreetimesmuchas

C.asthreetimesgreaterthanD.threetimesasbigas

Thatlastnovelofhisisthebesthehaswritten.

A.byfarB.sofarC.bythenD.somuch

Agoodsleepcanatiringday.

A.makeoutforB.makeupC.makeupforD.makeupto

Hehasn'tanymoneysoIhimsome.

A.willbelendingB.amtolendC.wouldlendD.amgoingtolend

Hepromisedtoletmehavethebookassoonasheit.

A.hadreadB.hasreadC.readD,wouldhaveread

Wecangoonlywhentheground.

A.isdryingB.willdryC.driedD.hasdried

Hewentawayandhebackyet.

A.isnotB.hasnotbeenC.wasnotD.willnotbe

Theworld'ssuppliesofpetroleum.

havebeengraduallyexhausted

havegraduallyexhausted

arebeinggraduallyexhausted

aregraduallyexhausted

Weyourtermscarefullybuttosaythatwecannotacceptthem.

A.arestudying;regretB.havestudied;areregretting

C.havestudied;regretD.havebeenstudying;willregret

Withthedevelopmentofproductionandscience,electronicsawideapplicationin

ashorttime.

A.hasfoundB.findsC.havefoundD.found

Thecompanyariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.

A.hasbeenpromisedB.hasbeenpromisingC.ispromisingD.promised

Thechildrenmanytimesnottogonearthestove.

A.havetoldB.toldC.havebeentoldD.aretold

Theexperimentisveryexpensive.Butsucceed,wewouldbeabletomake

productionmoreefficient.

A.shouldweB.wereweC.ifshouldweD.ifwe

ifyouhadlostyourwatch?

A.Hadn'tyoubeenupsetB.Wouldn'tyoubeupset

C.Weren'tyouupsetD.Wouldn'tyouhaveupset

Iwisheditbutitdid.

A.notoccurredB.didnotoccurC.hadnotoccurredD.wouldnotoccur

IfIhadonlyreadallthebooksbeforeIthelecture!

A.attendedB.wouldhaveattendedC.hadattendedD.haveattended

Theswimmerwasverytiredbuthereachtheshorebeforehecollapsed.

A.managedB.couldC.wassucceededtoD.wasableto

asmuchasone-fourthofalltimberharvestedisnotusedprovedtobefalse.

A.TheestimateBTheestimatethatC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat

Thelawyertoldhisclientthat.

thecasewasofasmallchancetowin

itwasnearlyimpossibletowinhimthecase

theyhadlittlechanceofwinningthecase

thechanceoftheirwinningthecasewaslittle

thatmentrytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,andtheyusuallyhavetodo

theminadifferentway.

Thefactissointeresting

Itisaninterestingfact

Thefacthasmuchinterest

Thereisafactsointeresting

Wewerealloverjoyedatthenewstheexperimentturnedoutasuccess.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what

Themanhadlittleinformation.

A.IspokeofB.ofwhoIspokeC.IspokeofwhomD.whomIspoke

Thesizeoftheaudience,wehadexpected,waswellovertwentythousand.

A.whomB.asC.whichD.that

Thehigherincometaxisharmfulitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearn

more.

A.sothatB.inthatC.unlessD.incase

Onlyinthelastfewyearstohelptheunderprivilegedinthecountry.

somethingisdone

issomethingdone

hastheresomethingbeendone

hasanythingbeendone

Reading（30分）

InterestingDayCoursesinyourArea

APhotographingWildlife

Thisworkshopincludesanintroductionintheclassroom,twophotographysessionswithspeciallyarrangedaccesstothezooenclosuressothatyoucantakenatural-lookingclose-upsofthemostexoticspecies,andtheopportunitytoreviewanddiscussyourimagesasagroup.

BDrawingForFun

Youwilllearnsomebasictechniquesusingsoftpencilsandcharcoal.Theseanddifferenttypesofpaperareprovided.Justbringyourselfandawillingnessto‘haveago'.Thisisastart-updaysopeoplewhohavealreadyattendedcoursesshouldnotapply.

CFindYourVoice

Youmayfeelyoucan'tsingoryoumaybeanestablishedsingerwhowantstoimproveorgainconfidence.Youwillbeshownhowtosingintune,howtobreathecorrectlyandhowtoprojectyourvoice.Youmayattendthiscoursemorethanonceandeachtimehaveawonderfulexperience.Everyonecansingandit'sgreatfun.

DFocusOnLandscapes

Thiscourseisdesignedforstudentswhoarefamiliarwithpaintinginwatercolors,butarehavingdifficultywithsometechniques.Wewilldiscusschoiceofmaterials,colormixingandanyotherareasthatmayberaised.

Thedaywillstartwithademonstration,followedbyanopportunitytosketchoutdoors.Afteralightlunchcookedinthestudio,therewillbeafurtherpracticalsession.

ETakingHappyPictures

Themainobjectiveistointroduceyoutotheskillsrequiredtotakegoodphotographsofpeopleatspecialevents,suchaspartiesorweddings.

Wewilldiscusscamerasettings,dealingwithvariedlightorbadweather,andhowtogetagoodatmosphere.Lunchisprovidedatanearbyhotel,followedbyapracticalsessioninsidethestudio.

FTheMusicTakeaway

Getsomefriends,familyorcolleaguestogetherforyourownmusiccourseinavenueofyourchoice,whichcouldbeyourfrontroom,basementorworkplace.Wesendtwoguitartutorstoleadaone-daysessionforyouinthestyleofmusicyouprefer,suchasrock,country,funkorblues.

Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

Participantscandecidewherethecourseisheld.

Differentabilitylevelsarewelcome.

Allthenecessarymaterialsaresupplied.

Participantswillbeabletogowherethepublicarenotnormallyallowed.

Itispossibletorepeatthiscourse.

Youcanselectwhattostudyfromarangeofoptions.

Thecoursewillprovidedadviceonhowtoovercomedifficultconditions.

THELONG-TERMSTABILITYOFECOSYSTEMS

Plantcommunitiesassemblethemselvesflexibly,andtheirparticularstructuredthespecifihcistoryofthearea.Ecologistussetheterm“succession”torefertothechangesthathappeninplantcommunitiesandecosystemsovertime.Thefirstcominasuccessioniscalledapioneercommunity,whilethelong-livedcommunityatsuccessioniscalledaaclimaxcommunity.Pioneerandsuccessionalplantcommunsaidtochangeoverperiodsfrom1to500years.Thesechangesinplantnumbersmixofspeciesarecumulative.Climaxcommunitiesthemselveschangebutoverpertimegreaterthanabout500years.

Anecologistwhostudiesapondtodaymaywellfinditrelativelyunc'hsantgiemde.inaIndividualfishmaybereplaced,butthenumberoffishmaytendtobethesameyeartothenext.Wecansaythatthepropertiesofanecosystemaremorestableindividualorganismsthatcomposetheecosystem.

Atonetime.Ecologistsbelievedthatspeciesdiversitymadeecosystemstable.Tthatthegreaterthediversittyhemorestabletheecosystem.Supportforthisideacamefromobservationthatlong-lastincglimaxcommunitiesusuallyhavemorecomplexfoodwebsandmorespeciesdiversittyhanpioneercommunities.Ecologisctoncludedthattheapparentstabilityofclimaxecosystemsdependedontheircomplexity.Totakeanexample,farmlandsdominatedbyasingecroparesounstablethatoneyearofbaortheinvasionofasinglepestcandestroytheirentirecrop.Incontrast,accommunity,suchasatemperateforest,willtolerateconsiderabledamagefrombadweatherorpests.

Thequestionofecosystemstabilityiscomplicated,however.Thefirstproblemisthatecologistdon'tallagreewhat“stability“means.Stabilitycanbealldefinedassimplylackofchange.Inthatcase,theclimaxcommunitywouldbeconsideredthemoststable,since,bydefinition,itchangestheleastovertime.Alternatively,stabilitycanbedefinedasthespeedwithwhichanecosystemreturnstoaparticularformfollowingamajordisturbance,suchasafire.Thiskindofstabilityisalsocalledresilience.Inthatcase,climaxcommunitywouldbethemostfragileandtheleaststable,sincetheycanacquirehundredsofyearstoreturntothecomplexstate.

Eventhekindofstabilitydefinedassimplelackofchangeisnotalwaysassociatedwithmaximumdiversity.Atleastintemperatezones,maximumdiversityisoftenfoundinmid-successionalstages,notintheclimaxcommunity.Oncearedwoodforestmatures,forexample,thekindsofspeciesandthenumberofindividualsgrowingontheforestfloorarereduced.Ingeneral,diversity,byitself,doesnotensurestability.Mathematicalmodelsofecosystemslikewisesuggestthatdiversitydoesnotguaranteeecosystemstability-justtheopposite,infact.Amorecomplicatedsystemis,ingeneral,morelikelythanasimplesystemtobreakdown.(Afifteen-speedracingbicycleismorelikelytobreakdownthanachild'stricycle)

Ecologistsareespeciallyinterestedinknowingwhatfactorscontributetotheresilienceofcommunitiesbecauseclimaxcommunitiesallovertheworldarebeingseverelydamagedordestroyedbyhumanactivities.ThedestructioncausedbyvolcanicexplosionofMount.St.Helens,inthenorthwesternUnitedStates,forexample,palesincomparisontotheconstructioncausebyhumans.Weneedtoknowwhataspectsofcommunityaremostimportanttothecommunity'sresistancetodestruction,aswellasitsrecovery.

Manyecologistsnowthinkthattherelativelong-termstabilityofclimaxcommunitiescomesnotfromdiversitybutfromthe“patchiness”oftheenvironment.Anenvironmentthatvariesfromplacetoplacesupportsmorekindsoforganismsthananenvironmentthatisuniform.Alocalpopulationthatgoesextinctisquicklyreplacedbyimmigrantsfromanadjacentcommunity.Evenifthenewpopulationisofadifferentspecies,itcanapproximatelyfillthenichevacatedbytheextinctpopulationandkeepthefoodwebintact.

Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisnottrueofclimaxcommunities?

ATheyoccurattheendofasuccession.

BTheylastlongerthananyothertypeofcommunity.

CThenumbersofplantsinthemandthemixofspeciesdonotchange.

DTheyremainstableforatleast500yearsatatime.

Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingprinciplesofecosystemscanbelearnedbystudyingapond?

AEcosystempropertieschangemoreslowlythanindividualsinthesystem.

BThestabilityofanecosystemtendstochangeasindividualsarereplace.

CIndividualorganismsarestablefromoneyeartothenext.

DAchangeinthenumbersofanorganismdoesnotaffecttanecosystem'sproperties.

Accordingtoparagraph3,ecologistoncebelievedthatwhichofthefollowingillustratedthemoststableecosystems?

APioneercommunities

BClimaxcommunities

CSingle-cropfarmlands

DSuccessionalplantcommunities

Accordingtoparagraph4,whyisthequestionofecosystemstabilitycomplicated?

AThereasonsforecosystemchangearenotalwaysclear.

BEcologistsoftenconfusetheword“stability”withtheword“resilience”.

CTheexactmeaningoftheword“stability”isdebatedbyecologists.

DTherearemanydifferentanswerstotheecologicalquestions.

Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutclimaxcommunity?

ATheyaremoreresilientthanpioneercommunities.

BTheycanbeconsideredboththemostandtheleaststablecommunities.

CTheyarestablebecausetheyrecoverquicklyaftermajordisturbances.

DTheyarethemostresilientcommunitiesbecausetheychangetheleastovertime.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredf