考研考博-英語-新疆財經(jīng)大學(xué)商務(wù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆財經(jīng)大學(xué)商務(wù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.

問題1選項

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.who

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該句的第一個that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，做hehad的賓語，因此空格處應(yīng)填that從而構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人）+其他部分。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，因此用that。句意：正是他年輕時所受的訓(xùn)練使他成為如此優(yōu)秀的工程師。因此C選項正確。

2.判斷題

測試使用的判斷題，請勿組到其他試卷中，該試題只用于后臺測試，造成不便請多包涵

問題1選項

A.對

B.錯

【答案】A

【解析】試題解析

3.翻譯題

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在競爭法則下，成千上萬的雇主不得不實行一些最嚴(yán)厲的措施。在這些節(jié)約措施中，付給工人的工資首當(dāng)其沖。這樣，雇主和雇員之間，勞資雙方之間以及富人和窮人之間就常有摩擦。

37．在社會中人類為了競爭所付出的代價，就和為了不需要花錢就能得到的舒適和奢侈品一樣代價高昂；但是競爭法則帶來的好處高于付出的代價，因為正是這種競爭法則，經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，生活水平得到提高。

38．雖然這一法則對個體來說可能很難，但是它適用于人類，因為它保證了人類在各個領(lǐng)域都能適應(yīng)并生存。

39．因此，我們接受并歡迎我們必須適應(yīng)的條件，也就是工業(yè)和商業(yè)掌握在少數(shù)人手中的巨大不平等；而他們之間的競爭法則不僅是良性的，而且對種族的未來發(fā)展必不可少。

40．無論在什么地方，在什么法則或條件下，具有組織管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊榮，這一事實證明了只有少數(shù)人有這種能力。

4.單選題

OnNewYear’sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor（

）whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.

問題1選項

A.incident

B.event

C.case

D.affair

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析題。四個詞都有事件的意思，incident指的是突發(fā)的，概率較小的事件；event指大型的活動或事件；case一般指案件；affair一般指私事。

句意：在新年前夕，紐約市舉行了一場戶外活動，吸引了100多萬人參加。根據(jù)參加的人數(shù)可推測活動規(guī)模之大，所以選項B更恰當(dāng)。

5.單選題

Theoldcouplenowstill（

）fortheirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

問題1選項

A.cherish

B.groan

C.immerse

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項cherish“珍惜”；B選項groan“呻吟，抱怨”；C選項immerse“使陷入”；D選項mourn“哀悼”。這對老夫婦在他們最愛的兒子死了三十年后依然（）。這里根據(jù)句意可以把A、C選項排除；Groan一般和at/with搭配，所以不選B；答案選D，固定搭配mournfor“悼念，追悼”。

6.單選題

Ifacouplearedivorcedandtheirchildliveswithhismother,heissaidtosufferfromlaceof______love.

問題1選項

A.maternal

B.fraternal

C.paternal

D.parental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項maternal“母親的、母性的”；B項fraternal“兄弟般的、友好的”；C項paternal“父親的、父親般的”；D項parental“父母親的”；句意：如果一對夫婦離婚了，他們的孩子和他的母親住在一起，那么他被認(rèn)為缺乏父愛。因此該題C項正確。

7.單選題

AsistheChinesecook’scustom,mymotheralwaysmade（）remarksaboutherowncooking.

問題1選項

A.optional

B.plural

C.negative

D.slender

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。optional“可選的”；plural“復(fù)數(shù)的，多樣的”；negative“消極的，否定的”；slender“細(xì)長的，苗條的”。句意：就像許多中國廚師一樣，我母親經(jīng)常對自己的廚藝予以否定評價。能修飾remarks的只有C項。

8.單選題

WhenJackwas28,he（）thesmallbookshopandinfiveyearsdevelopeditintosixchainstores.

問題1選項

A.tookafter

B.tookin

C.tookon

D.tookover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項tookafter“相像，效仿”；B選項tookin“吸收，領(lǐng)會，欺騙”；C選項tookon“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有”；D選項tookover“接管，借用”。句意：當(dāng)杰克28歲時，他接管了這個小書店，在五年內(nèi)發(fā)展成了六個連鎖店。根據(jù)空格后提到的thesmallbookshop，與之可以相對應(yīng)搭配的短語只有D選項tookover，意為接管了商店。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Hegotafteryoutochangeyourmind,didn'the?

問題1選項

A.wanted

B.urged

C.persuaded

D.forced

【答案】B

【解析】getafter攻擊，追擊，催促。只有選項B有催促的意思，所以正確。

10.翻譯題

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家聲稱，利他主義與經(jīng)濟(jì)理性背道而馳，因為后者假定人們行為自私。

37.一些經(jīng)濟(jì)模型假設(shè)，利己主義者之所以表現(xiàn)出利他行為，是因為他們從中獲得了一些利益或效用。例如，讓他們自我感覺更好，或者有效防止社會動蕩。

38.社會學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類有一種幫助別人的自然傾向，這是保護(hù)同類的自然本能。因此，公共義務(wù)是一種生存行為。

39.雖然公共義務(wù)有時包括持續(xù)和積極參與政治事務(wù)，但是公共義務(wù)不一定意味著義務(wù)。

40.如果帶著私心和惡意履行責(zé)任和提供服務(wù)，那就玷污了這份職業(yè)，徒留政客的名聲。但是如果帶著真誠與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，這些行為就會一點一滴、層層遞進(jìn)地建構(gòu)自我約束下的自由國家。

11.單選題

Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded（

）27%.

問題1選項

A.by

B.for

C.to

D.in

【答案】A

【解析】介詞辨析題。expandby“增加了”；expandfor“擴(kuò)展為”；expandto“增加到”；expandin“在……中增加”。

句意：在1974年到1997年間，海外游客的數(shù)量增加了27%。選項A符合語境。

12.單選題

Ahundreddollarswillbe（

）tobuyahomecomputer.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.sufficient

C.effective

D.proficient

【答案】B

【解析】句意:100美元足以買一臺家用電腦。選項中只有B選項符合句意。

13.單選題

Thedecreaseofhisfeverwasabenignsign.

問題1選項

A.unfavorable

B.favorable

C.harsh

D.unharsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項unfavorable“不宜的，令人不快的”，B項favorable“有利的，良好的”，C項harsh“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的”，D項unharsh“不苛刻的”。句意：他退燒了是一個好兆頭。根據(jù)句意可知，benign在句中表示“好的”。因此，該題選擇B項。

14.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問題1選項

A.contamination

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.configuration

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最近《科學(xué)》雜志上的一篇論文認(rèn)為，巖石中的有機(jī)化合物主要來自于地球上的組成物質(zhì)，而非是火星上的細(xì)菌。

考查形近詞辨析。Contamination污染,污染物;constitution憲法,章程,構(gòu)造,組成物質(zhì);condemnation譴責(zé),指責(zé);configuration結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造,格局。ratherthan連接空格跟“bacteriaonMars(火星上的細(xì)菌)”,因此空格處應(yīng)該是“組成物質(zhì)”。

15.單選題

OnMay3,1989,committalproceedingsbeganinrespectofsixofficerswhowerechargedwithconspiracyto（）thecourseofjustice.

問題1選項

A.pervert

B.perturb

C.prevent

D.profane

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。pervert“使墮落，濫用”；perturb“擾亂，使不安”；prevent“預(yù)防，阻止”；profane“褻瀆，玷污”。句意：1989年5月3日，拘押進(jìn)程開始于六名官員，他們被控告共謀擾亂司法公正。選項B符合題意。

16.翻譯題

1.綠水青山就是金山銀山，保護(hù)環(huán)境就是保護(hù)生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展環(huán)境就是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。

2.人類命運(yùn)共同體，顧名思義就是每個地區(qū)每個國家應(yīng)該把命運(yùn)緊緊聯(lián)系在一起，榮辱與共，共同進(jìn)步。

3.應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離封閉的世界，打造開放的世界，中國有句古話，“萬物共存而不相害，道共行而不相逆”，我們應(yīng)該求同存異，尋找其他事物的優(yōu)點，發(fā)展自己。

【答案】1.Lucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets;protectingtheenvironmentmeansprotectingproduction;developingenvironmentmeansdevelopingproductivity.

2.Humancommunitywithasharedfuture,asthenamesuggests,meansthateveryregionandcountryshouldcloselylinktheirdestiniesandsharewealandwoeforcommonprogress.

3.Weshouldstayawayfromaclosedworldandbuildanopenworld.AsanoldChinesesayinggoes,“Alllivingthingscoexistwithoutharmingeachother,andallroadsworktogetherwithoutgoingagainsteachother.”Weshouldseekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences,lookforthestrengthsofotherthingsanddevelopourselves.

17.單選題

DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamhavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecycles-about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers~abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")，brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources，limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormines,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytowhetherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadoptaattitudetowardstheircountry（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（

）

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（

）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（

）

問題1選項

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

問題2選項

A.Fondnessofforeign.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

問題3選項

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

問題4選項

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermanandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeople

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

問題5選項

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes，theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.提到盡管在外人看來丹麥有著非常多的有點，但是丹麥人自己并沒有引以為傲，反而他們經(jīng)常會談?wù)撟约簢颐娣e小、語言難懂等缺點，可以看出他們是非常謙虛的，選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")提到在某些建筑物上寫著“外國人滾出丹麥”可知部分丹麥人對外國人并不友好，選項A符合題意。

3.文章第三段abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”提到丹麥工商部印發(fā)的宣傳冊上宣傳丹麥?zhǔn)鞘澜缟献罡蓛?，最有秩序的國家，然而作者緊接著提出丹麥街頭的一些不好的現(xiàn)象，比如有些大樓上寫著“外國人滾出丹麥”、破碎的啤酒瓶，還有喝醉了的青少年等，由此看出作者對工商局的宣傳持不同意的態(tài)度。選項A符合題意。

4.文章第四段提到得益于做事有序，丹麥在歐洲的未來是作為代理商、銀行和產(chǎn)品分銷商（itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods），選項C符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到y(tǒng)oushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto，排除選項B；由therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone可以排除A；由theorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytowhetherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis可以排除選項D。所以選項C符合題意。

18.翻譯題

Adynamicviewseestheplusesofchangeaswellastheminuses.Anditappreciateshownew,unforeseentechnologiesorsocialchangescansolvecurrentproblems.Bycontrast,theenvironmentalmovementhasbeenbuiltoncrisis

Contrarytothedoomsayers,bothpastantipresent,peoplehaveaknackforinnovatingtheirwayoutof"crises"iftheyhaveboththepermissionandtheincentivetodoso.

Wefindthatpeopledevelopedpetroleumaswhaleoilbecamescarce,thatfarmersturnedtodripirrigationaswaterpricesrose,andthatdriversboughtfuel-efficientcarswhengaspriceswentup.

Toalargedegree,greenideologyisnotaboutfacts.Itisaboutvalues,andtheenvironmentmovementisaboutenforcingthosevaluesthroughpoliticalaction.—“

Greenpolitics，’’writeBritishgreensJonathanPorrittandDavidWinner,“demandsawhollynew

ethicinwhichviolent,plunderinghumankindabandonsitsdestructiveways,recognizesitsdependenceonPlanetEarth,andstartslivingonamoreequalfootingwiththerestofnature

Thedangerliesnotonlyintheoddmaverick(—意孤行者)pollutingfactory，industry，ortechnology,butinthefundamentalnatureofoureconomicsystems.Itisindustrialismitself——asuper-ideology,embracedbythecapitalistWestwhichthreatensus.

【答案】（1）動態(tài)的觀點既能看到變化的好處，也能看到變化的壞處。它還贊賞新技術(shù)或不可預(yù)見的社會變革如何能夠解決當(dāng)前的問題。

（2）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)鯨油變得匱乏時，人們開發(fā)了石油；當(dāng)水價上漲時，農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)而采用了滴灌；當(dāng)油價上漲時，司機(jī)們紛紛購買了節(jié)能車。

（3）在很大程度上，綠色觀念是與事實無關(guān)的，而是關(guān)于價值觀的。而環(huán)保運(yùn)動則是通過政治行動實施這些價值觀。

（4）“綠色政治”，綠色行動者JonathanPorritt和DavidWinner寫道，“需要一套全新的道德觀。在這種道德觀的指導(dǎo)下，殘忍掠奪成性的人類可以放棄破壞性的方式，認(rèn)識到自己對地球的依賴，開始和其他生物平等共處……”

（5）危險不僅僅來自于一意孤行污染環(huán)境的工廠、工業(yè)或技術(shù)，還來自于我們經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的基本性質(zhì)。

19.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan____tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】上下文語義。A選項resort“（~to訴諸；求助于）”；B選項grant“（指正式地或法律上）同意，準(zhǔn)許；（勉強(qiáng)）同意”；C選項afford“負(fù)擔(dān)得起；承擔(dān)得起（后果）”；D選項entitle“使享有權(quán)利，使符合資格，常用被動”。句意：他的論點并不是說人類可以____浪費(fèi)在利用這些自然資源時。原文從句不是被動語態(tài)，可排除D選項；且原文從句主語是人類，B選項grant在使用時也應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，排除；A選項后面通常是某種方式后手段，而本句空格后是“浪費(fèi)”，不符合，排除；C選項代入，“他的論點并不是說人類承擔(dān)得起在利用這些自然資源時浪費(fèi)的后果”，符合語境。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

20.單選題

Cambridgeis（）thebestuniversityinEuropeandamongtheworld’stopten.

問題1選項

A.inmostcases

B.onmostcounts

C.undermostconditions

D.withmostprospects

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。inmostcases“在大多數(shù)情況下”；undermostconditions“在大多數(shù)情況、條件下”，沒有選項B和D的搭配，可排除。句意：劍橋大學(xué)在大多數(shù)情況下都是歐洲最好的大學(xué)，也是世界排名前十的大學(xué)之一。選項C符合題意。

21.單選題

Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon（）.

問題1選項

A.response

B.impulse

C.instinct

D.consciousness

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項response“反應(yīng)，回答”；B選項impulse“沖動”；C選項instinct“本能，直覺”；D選項consciousness“意識，知覺”。句意：人類的行為主要是學(xué)習(xí)的產(chǎn)物，而動物的行為主要依靠本能。選項C符合句意。

22.單選題

Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesofferedretirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireandmakewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.

問題1選項

A.rewards

B.opportunities

C.motives

D.stimuli

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive“激勵；獎勵；誘因”；A選項reward“獎勵；獎賞”；B選項opportunity（其復(fù)數(shù)形式為opportunities）“時機(jī)，機(jī)會”；C選項motive“動機(jī)，目的”；D選項stimuli（其為stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）“激勵；刺激；促進(jìn)因素”。句意：為了吸收更年輕的勞動力，許多公司推出了退休計劃，以激勵年齡較大的員工退休，為工資較低的年輕員工讓路。根據(jù)句中“retirementplans退休計劃”可知incentive在這里的意思應(yīng)為“激勵”，因此D選項正確。

23.單選題

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Theobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness"(Line1，Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto（）.

問題1選項

A.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive

B.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

C.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles,extinction

D.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

問題2選項

A.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

B.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

C.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

D.Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

問題3選項

A.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

B.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

C.Theirlowerreproductionability.

D.Contaminationofseawater.

問題4選項

A.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

B.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.

C.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

D.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

問題5選項

A.persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles

B.stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected

C.callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival

D.warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.”，中文翻譯為：一堵令人生畏的官僚主義墻已經(jīng)豎起來保護(hù)它們在大西洋海岸線上的主要筑巢地。B選項“已經(jīng)做出保護(hù)海龜免于滅絕的努力”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“…areportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles...”，中文翻譯為：一份由魚類