考研考博-英語(yǔ)-臺(tái)州科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-臺(tái)州科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinginairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheiranxietybytellingjokes.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes,sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhypeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingoffear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone'sfears?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

B.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

C.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

D.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Todisguisetheiranxiety

B.Toattackothers

C.Tocontrolone’sownfears

D.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.tobefamiliarwithtension

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Earlychildhoodexperience.

B.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

C.Thefearofheights.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

C.Tocontrolone'sfeelings.

D.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過(guò)講笑話來(lái)掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對(duì)象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對(duì)象。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.有時(shí)讓別人成為笑話的對(duì)象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮?！庇纱丝芍藗冎v笑話的積極目的是為了控制自己的恐懼和焦慮，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知，控制焦慮意味著要克服緊張不安的感覺(jué)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.但關(guān)鍵的因素似乎是一種失控的感覺(jué)?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知：在問(wèn)題得以解決之前，有必要認(rèn)識(shí)它，承認(rèn)我們害怕是控制恐懼過(guò)程中不可分割的一部分。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.填空題

Tomatoes,whentheywerefirstintroduced,wereconsideredeithermagicalorharmful,dependingonwhichschoolofthoughtyoulistened.Evenwithinlivingmemory,therewasatimewhenvegetableswereconsideredharmfulunless

A

B

C

D

cookedforlong.

【答案】Blistened改為listenedto

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】listenedto意思為“聽(tīng)從”，為固定搭配，這里指的是認(rèn)為西紅柿是怎樣的，就看聽(tīng)從對(duì)西紅柿的哪一種描述。

【句意】西紅柿剛被引進(jìn)時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為它很神奇或者有害，這取決于你聽(tīng)的是哪個(gè)學(xué)派的觀點(diǎn)。即使在現(xiàn)在，人們也有一段時(shí)間認(rèn)為蔬菜沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的烹飪就是有害的。

3.單選題

Whenbusinessis（

）thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.degraded

B.depressed

C.reduced

D.lessened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)degrade“貶低，降低”；B選項(xiàng)depress“壓抑，使沮喪，使蕭條”；C選項(xiàng)reduce“減少，降低”；D選項(xiàng)lessen“減少，減輕”。句意：當(dāng)商業(yè)蕭條的時(shí)候，失業(yè)率通常會(huì)明顯上升。選項(xiàng)B更符合邏輯。

4.單選題

ThedifferencebetweenthepolarandequatorialdiametersofMarshasnotbeenunequivocallydetermined.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definitely

B.arithmetically

C.polemically

D.copiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。題干unequivocally“明確地，毫不含糊地”。A項(xiàng)“確切地，明確地”，B項(xiàng)“算術(shù)上”，C項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論地”，D項(xiàng)“豐富地；充裕地”。所以選A。句意：尚未明確確定火星的極地直徑與赤道直徑之間的差異。

5.單選題

Platohadanessentiallyantagonisticviewofartandtheartist,althoughheapprovedofcertainreligiousandmoralistickindsofart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.responsive

C.feasible

D.hostile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。antagonistic表示“敵對(duì)的，對(duì)抗性的”；A項(xiàng)ethical“倫理的，道德的”，B項(xiàng)responsive“響應(yīng)的，應(yīng)答的”，C項(xiàng)feasible“可行的，可能的，可實(shí)行的”，D項(xiàng)hostile“敵對(duì)的，敵方的，懷敵意的”。句意：盡管柏拉圖贊同某些宗教和道德的藝術(shù)類型，但他對(duì)藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家的看法本質(zhì)上是對(duì)立的。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B.Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping.

C.Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior.

D.Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Directcorrelation.

B.Mentalvisualization.

C.Individualassociation.

D.Activeconsumption.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

B.Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

C.Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

D.Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

Weatherisaconstantforceinourlives,butthere’slittlemarketingresearchonhowitaffectsbusinesses.[9]Now,anewstudyrevealshowsunnyandsnowyconditionsinfluenceconsumerbehavior.[10]Thoseweatherconditionstriggerconsumerstomentallyvisualizeusingproductsassociatedwiththerespectiveweather.Thisleadstoconsumersplacingahighervalueonthoseproducts,thatis,they’rewillingtopaymoremoneyforthem.Butthecorrelationisonlyfoundwithproductsrelatedtobeingoutside.Howdoesthiswork?Researchersgivetheexampleofabeachtowel.Onasunnyday,consumerswhoseethatproductarenotjustlookingatthetowelitself.Theyarelikelyimaginingthemselveslyingonthetowelinthesun.[10]Thismentalpictureofusingthetowelincreasesthevalueoftheproductintheconsumers’mind.Researchersputforwardthefollowinghypothesistoexplaintheirfindings.Theythinkthementalpictureworksinsunshineandsnowbecausetheseweatherconditionshaveapositiveassociationwithoutsideactivities.Theeffectisnotseenwithrainyweather.Researchersassertthisisbecausetherearen’tmanyactivitiesthatareenabledbyrain.Mostproductsassociatedwithrainlikeumbrellasareonlyusedforprotectionfromtheweatherandnotforanyactivities.Researchersbelievethatcompaniesthatsellawidearrayofproductsonlinecanbenefitmostfromtheinsightsthisstudyprovides.[11]Onlinesellersoftenusecomplexmathematicalformulastodeterminewhatproductstofeatureandhowtopricetheseproducts.Incorporatingmoredataaboutweatherwouldallowthemtomakebetterdecisions.Thiscouldbolstersales.

9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefindingsofthenewstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們可以知道什么？錄音開(kāi)始不久便提到，一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了晴雪天氣對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為的影響，C選項(xiàng)“天氣條件影響消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買行為”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者想象他們?cè)诓煌鞖庀碌幕顒?dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的心理狀態(tài)隨著商品價(jià)格的變化而變化”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此排除。B選項(xiàng)“好的天氣引發(fā)消費(fèi)者購(gòu)物的欲望”，錄音中只是表明晴雪天氣會(huì)觸發(fā)消費(fèi)者將這些天氣與產(chǎn)品的使用聯(lián)想在一起，而這樣的聯(lián)想會(huì)增加產(chǎn)品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值，也就是說(shuō)，他們?cè)敢鉃檫@些產(chǎn)品支付更多的錢。這表明他們?cè)敢饣ǜ叩膬r(jià)格來(lái)購(gòu)買東西，并不是說(shuō)好天氣引發(fā)購(gòu)物欲，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確。

10.Whatdoesthepassagesaymayincreasethevalueofproductsforconsumers?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)對(duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)，什么可以增加產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值。錄音中提及晴雪天氣會(huì)促使消費(fèi)者想象與這些天氣相關(guān)的商品使用情景，從而增加商品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值，并以沙灘毛巾為例具體說(shuō)明。因此，B選項(xiàng)“大腦想象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“直接關(guān)聯(lián)”利用correlation作干擾，消費(fèi)者通過(guò)天氣聯(lián)想商品使用的場(chǎng)景，然后想象的畫面使得商品增值，這是間接的關(guān)聯(lián)，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人關(guān)聯(lián)”，新研究揭示的是一般消費(fèi)者的普遍行為，并沒(méi)有針對(duì)個(gè)人進(jìn)行研究，因此不正確；D選項(xiàng)“主動(dòng)消費(fèi)”，錄音中并沒(méi)有表明消費(fèi)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

11.Howcanthefindingsofthenewstudybenefitonlinesellers,accordingtotheresearchers?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)研究人員認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以怎樣使網(wǎng)上賣家受益？錄音結(jié)尾處提及，研究人員認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上賣家在決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格時(shí)，如果能把更多的天氣信息納入考慮，會(huì)有助于做出更明智的決定，從而促進(jìn)銷售。因此，D選項(xiàng)“幫助他們決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助他們宣傳更多種類的產(chǎn)品”，錄音中并沒(méi)有提及“advertise（宣傳）”這一信息，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“使他們能以更高的價(jià)格銷售產(chǎn)品”，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)跟某些天氣條件有正相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品可以在消費(fèi)者心中增值，從而使他們?cè)敢庵Ц陡嗟腻X，但并非所有商品都有這些效應(yīng)，因此可排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“使他們能夠簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式”利用mathematicalformulas設(shè)置干擾，錄音只提及網(wǎng)上賣家用復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)公式去幫助做銷售決策，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助他們更好地做決策，但沒(méi)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式，因此C選項(xiàng)也不正確。

7.單選題

Shemakesno______ofthenaffairinpublicandheunderstandsthatheisnottorefertoitwiththesenewacquaintances.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acknowledgment

B.concealment

C.compliment

D.amendment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)acknowledgment“感謝，承認(rèn)，承認(rèn)書”，B項(xiàng)concealment“隱藏，隱蔽，隱匿處”，C項(xiàng)compliment“恭維，稱贊，問(wèn)候”，D項(xiàng)amendment“修正案，改善，改正”。根據(jù)heunderstandsthatheisnottorefertoitwiththesenewacquaintances“他知道他不能和這些新認(rèn)識(shí)的人談?wù)撨@件事”可知，makesno______中的空格處應(yīng)該表示“沒(méi)有承認(rèn)”。句意：她沒(méi)有公開(kāi)承認(rèn)那件事，他知道他不能和這些新認(rèn)識(shí)的人提起這件事。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

ByfarthemostimportantUnitedStatesexportproductinthe18and19centurieswascottonfavoredbytheEuropeantextileoverflaxorwoolbecauseitwaseasytoprocessandsofttotouch.Mechanizationofspinningandweavingallowedsignificantcentralizationandexpansioninthetextileindustryduringthisperiodandatthesametimethedemandforcottonincreaseddramatically.AmericanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargelybecauseoftheinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhiteyin1793.CottoncouldbegrownthroughouttheSouth,butseparatingthefiber-orlint--fromtheseedwasalaboriousprocess.Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelongandseedswereconcentratedatthebaseoftheflowerbutisdemandedlonggrowingseason,availableonlyalongthenationscasterseacoast.Short-staplecottonrequiredamuchshortergrowingseason,buttheshortnessofthefibersandtheirmixturewithseedsmeantthataworkercouldhand-processonlyaboutonepoundperday.Whitney'sginwasahand-poweredmachinewithrevolvingdrumsandmetalteethtopullcottonfibersawayfromseeds.Usingthegin,aworkercouldproduceupto50poundsoflintaday.Thelaterdevelopmentoflargerginspoweredbyhorses,water,orstream,multipliedproductivityfurther.

TheinteractionofimprovedprocessingandhighdemandledtoarapidspreadofthecultivationofcottonandtoasurgeinproductionItbecamethemainAmericanexportdwarfingallothers.In1802cottoncomposed14percentoftotalAmericanexportsbyvalue.Cottonhada36percentshareby1810andover50percentsharein1830.In1860,61percentofthevalueofAmericanexportswasrepresentedbycotton.

Incontrast,wheatandwheatflourcomposedonly6percentofthevalueofAmericanexportsinthatyear.Clearly,cottonwaskinginthetradeoftheyoungrepublic.ThegrowingmarketforcottonandotherAmericanagriculturalproductsledtoanunprecedentedexpansionofagriculturalsettlement,mostlyintheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates—westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.

1.Themainpointofthepassageisthatthe18and19centurieswereatimewhen

（）

2.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonsfortheincreaseddemandforcottonEXCEPT（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,oneadvantageofSeaislandcottonwasits（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutcotton-productionintheUnitedStatesaftertheintroductionofWhitney'scottongin?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theMississippiRiverwas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theEuropeantextileindustryincreaseditsdemandforAmericanexportproducts

B.CottonbecamethemostimportantAmericanexportproduct

C.Cottonbecameaprofitablecropbutwasstilltime-consumingtoprocess

D.Mechanizationforspinningandweavingdramaticallychangedthetextileindustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cotton’ssoftness

B.cotton’scaseofprocessing

C.ashortageofflaxandwool

D.thegrowththatoccurredinthetextileindustry

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.abundanceofseeds

B.adaptabilitytodifferentclimates

C.longgrowingseason

D.longfibers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.MorecottoncomefromSeaInlandcottonplantsthanbefore.

B.Morecottoncamefromshort-staplecottonplantsthanbefore.

C.Mostcottonproducedwassolddomestically.

D.MostcottonproducedwasexportedtoEngland.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.oneoftheboundariesofaregionwherenewagriculturalsettlementlookplace

B.amajorsourceofwaterforagriculturalcrops

C.theprimaryroutebywhichagriculturalcropsweretransported

D.amainsourceofpowerformostagriculturalmachinery

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知?dú)W洲紡織業(yè)更傾向于棉花，因?yàn)樗子诩庸ぃ允紫扰懦x項(xiàng)C。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Mechanizationofspinning...Americanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargely...”可推斷選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A中exportproducts有歧義，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)出口的主要產(chǎn)品是毛皮，隨著歐洲紡織業(yè)對(duì)棉花的偏愛(ài)，所以現(xiàn)在棉花成了美國(guó)最主要的出口產(chǎn)品。

第2題:根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文中沒(méi)有信息表明亞麻和羊毛的短缺才導(dǎo)致對(duì)棉花需求的增加。其他三項(xiàng)都正確。

第3題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Seaislandcotton”定位到第一段“Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelong...”選項(xiàng)D正確。

第4題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的后半部分“Whitney'sgin...aworkercouldproduceupto50percentsoflintaday.”引進(jìn)了Whitney的軋棉機(jī)之后，使得短絨棉的生產(chǎn)大大提高，選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MississippiRiver”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Thegrowingmarket...westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.”棉花和其他美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)的不斷增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)業(yè)定居點(diǎn)的空前擴(kuò)張，主要集中在美國(guó)東部的一半地區(qū)——阿巴拉契亞山脈以西和密西西比河以東。由此推斷，密西西比河是新農(nóng)業(yè)所在地區(qū)的邊界之一。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

9.單選題

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomy---andonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.---slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensible---andtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepundits---andsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workers---theequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStates---atatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeconomy.ButthebestguessisthatBritainin2011willlooklikeBritainin1931,ortheUnitedStatesin1937,orJapanin1997.Thatis,prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump.Asalways,thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.

1.The“fiscalausterity”refersto（）.

2.Bysaying“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth”，theauthormeans（）.

3.Whatiswrongwiththecurrentgovernment’sfinancialpolicy?

4.BymentioningAndrewMellon,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Totheauthor,thepracticeoffiscalausteritywillcertainlyleadto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theconsensusamongfinancialadvisers

B.thereductioninexpenditure

C.thesevereeconomicrecession

D.thehighinflationrate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.balancingbudgetsdoesnothelpwithemployment

B.businesseshavenotimprovedtheiroperation

C.reducingbudgetsisnolongerafadnow

D.fallinginflationhasgivenconsumersconfidence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcutsfinancial-industrytaxpayments.

B.ItignoresBritain’sfinancialsituation.

C.IthaslaunchedBritainintoanotherslump.

D.ItismadeasaresponsetocrisesinAmerica.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theAmericanleadershavemadethesamemistake

B.theTreasurysecretaryignoredtheinterestsofthefarmersandworkers

C.theBritishgovernment’sbudgetplanisseriouslywrong

D.theAmericanleadersgivesubstantialsupporttotheirBritishcounterparts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anunexpectedrecovery

B.improvedemployment

C.renewedconfidence

D.arepeatedrecession

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscalausterity等同于這里的balancebudgets。嚴(yán)肅人士之間突然達(dá)成的共識(shí)是，現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都必須平衡預(yù)算，而這種共識(shí)并不是基于任何仔細(xì)的分析。所以平衡預(yù)算需要縮減開(kāi)支，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemployment”，可知自信的神話變成了一種虛構(gòu)。用來(lái)暗示財(cái)政緊縮政策并沒(méi)有幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)，而財(cái)政赤字實(shí)際上能降低失業(yè)率，并且在第二段中用大量的事實(shí)說(shuō)明了財(cái)政緊縮政策并沒(méi)帶來(lái)實(shí)際作用?？赏茢喑鲐?cái)政緊縮政策對(duì)提高就業(yè)率并沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生幫助。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.”，可知毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，英國(guó)最終將需要通過(guò)削減開(kāi)支和增加稅收來(lái)平衡收支?？赏茢喑鱿鳒p金融業(yè)的稅收的財(cái)政政策是錯(cuò)誤的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“theBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.”，可知英國(guó)政府似乎忽視了歷史的教訓(xùn)。下文用AndrewMellon的荒謬政策加深經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的例子來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明英國(guó)政府的平衡收支計(jì)劃是錯(cuò)誤的，忽視了歷史教訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump…thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.”，可知過(guò)早的財(cái)政緊縮將導(dǎo)致新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，拒絕吸取歷史教訓(xùn)的人注定要重蹈覆轍。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為財(cái)政緊縮的做法肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退重蹈覆轍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Theirdogwasasubstitute______thechildrentheyhadneverhad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.of

C.to

D.for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們的狗代替了他們從未有過(guò)的孩子。asubstitutefor是固定搭配，意為“某種東西的替代物”。其他三項(xiàng)不能和substitute搭配。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

TheGermangeneralstaffmadeanotherdangerousconcessiontowhattheyconsideredamilitarynecessity.Theplanwouldbe（）notwhencountriesformallydeclaredwarbutsimplywhentheyorderedmobilization.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.triggered

B.triggering

C.trifling

D.trifled

【答案】A

【解析】trigger引起，發(fā)動(dòng)；trifle浪費(fèi)，嘲弄。根據(jù)句意：德國(guó)總參謀部對(duì)他們認(rèn)為是軍事需要的東西又作了危險(xiǎn)的讓步。該計(jì)劃不會(huì)在國(guó)家正式宣戰(zhàn)時(shí)啟動(dòng)，而只是在國(guó)家下令動(dòng)員時(shí)啟動(dòng)。首先排除選項(xiàng)C和D，計(jì)劃是被啟動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

12.單選題

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)exasperate“激怒，使惱怒”，B項(xiàng)aggregate“集合，聚集”，C項(xiàng)perturb“擾亂，使……混亂”，D項(xiàng)assail“攻擊，質(zhì)問(wèn)”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo（這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)）和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom（教室里的噪音和講話聲），結(jié)合常識(shí)，可知空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合。句意：這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)，因?yàn)樗唤淌依锏脑胍艉椭v話聲激怒了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandchatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.

Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogramsareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.

4.Whichofthefollowing