考研考博-英語-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.(This,ofcourse,omitsre-constructiveoperationstorepairbumsorreplacemissingbreasts.)Eightoutoftencosmeticoperationsareperformedoutsideproperhospital—someinoperationroomsthatlookmorelikeoffices.Warningsofside-effectrarelyappearinadvertisements;nordotherecordsoftheeagersurgeons.Sinceitis“elective”surgery,notcoveredbyinsurance,fewofthenormalrulesapply.

Insidetheindustry,rumorsofmalpracticearerife.Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeerswho“hewouldn’tlettouchmydog’sbody.”

1.Accordingtotheparagraph,cosmeticsurgeonsthinkthat（）.

2.ItisreportedthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationinquiredintotheeffectsofsiliconeimplant,because（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Thedifferencebetweenthecosmeticsurgeryandothersurgeryisthat（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassage,“peers”refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintswerestartedparticularlybefore1985

B.thesiliconeimplantaredangerous

C.thesiliconeimplantarelinkedwithbody’simmunesystem

D.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintsareduetothoseprofit-happylawyers

問題2選項

A.therewasacaseinDecemberaboutawomanwhosufferedfromtheimplant

B.therehadbeenalotofcasesincourtaboutsiliconeimplant

C.DowCominghasproducedsomepoor-qualitysiliconeimplant

D.itdidnotwanttoaskfortheoperationstostopit

問題3選項

A.Americanwomenhadoncebeeninpanicbecauseoftheremovalofacontraceptivedevicefromthemarket.

B.DaikonSheildisabrandname.

C.About1.6millionwomenhavehadimplantsbecausetheywantedtobemorebeautiful

D.ACaliforniandoctorbegantoearnlessmoney.

問題4選項

A.theformeristooperateonthehealthybody,whilethelatteristooperateonthesickbody

B.theformeristodoharmtoaperson,whilethelatteristocureaperson

C.theformeriswithglitteringadvocates,whilethelatteristorepairbums

D.theformeristobeperformedoutsideproperhospitals,whilethelatteristobeperformedinsideproperhospitals

問題5選項

A.industryowners

B.plasticsurgeons

C.humorists

D.officers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.”，可知已經(jīng)有超過2000起投訴，特別是關(guān)于1985年以前植入物的投訴——盡管整形外科醫(yī)生將制造問題歸咎于律師們?？膳袛喑稣萃饪漆t(yī)生認(rèn)為硅膠植入物的投訴是由于那些喜歡賺錢的律師。選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…becauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplant….”，可知美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對硅膠植入物進(jìn)行調(diào)查的原因是法庭上出現(xiàn)了很多這樣的案例，下文提出一個婦女獲賠的案例只是其中一個?？膳袛喑雒绹称匪幤繁O(jiān)督管理局對硅膠植入物的效果進(jìn)行了調(diào)查的原因在于法庭上有很多關(guān)于硅膠植入的案例。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974”，可知自從1974年一種名為DaikonSheild的避孕設(shè)備被撤市以來，這一消息在美國女性中引起的恐慌超過了任何醫(yī)療因素?？膳袛喑雒绹栽?jīng)因為避孕設(shè)備從市場上撤下而恐慌，這一表達(dá)復(fù)符合文意，選項A可排除。也可判斷出DaikonSheild是一個品牌名稱，選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons…”，可知大約有200萬女性做手術(shù)，因為她們想變得更美麗，選項C可排除。根據(jù)排除法，選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.”，可知整容手術(shù)是唯一一種把完全健康的病人割傷的醫(yī)術(shù)，這也是整容術(shù)和其他手術(shù)的區(qū)別。選項A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeers…”，可知一位資深整形外科醫(yī)生說，他有一份同伴名單……，可知資深整形外科醫(yī)生的同伴指整形外科醫(yī)生，peer意思為同伴，同等的人。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation---auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

問題2選項

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

問題3選項

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

問題4選項

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

問題5選項

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要點？’文章第一段大意是“南極洲實際上已經(jīng)成為一種太空站：一個獨特的觀測站，用來探測世界環(huán)境的變化。南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以，這里可以得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測量結(jié)果?！彼宰髡咛岢龅囊c是D選項“南極洲是進(jìn)行某些科學(xué)研究的更好之地”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘跨南極山脈的東西有何不同？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脈“東部”的大陸部分是一個被近兩英里厚的冰原覆蓋的高原。在山脈的“西部”，美洲南部大陸的一半也被冰原覆蓋，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的巖石上?！贝_定C選項“東部的冰高于海平面”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘如果南極西部冰盾消失，結(jié)果會是什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南極西部冰蓋消失，大陸西部將會變成一個稀疏的島嶼群?！贝_定D選項“大陸西部成為一群島嶼”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘關(guān)于干河谷，下列哪個是真的？’根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.盡管這些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，它們可能為地球上青翠的地方帶來了希望?！贝_定B選項“他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是？’文章談?wù)撃蠘O洲科研考察的重要性，以及介紹其相關(guān)的環(huán)境特色和問題，所以B選項“南極洲和環(huán)境問題”是最適合的標(biāo)題。

3.單選題

From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.

問題1選項

A.thereby

B.when

C.during

D.whereas

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。thereby“從而，因此”；when“當(dāng)......的時候”；during“在......期間”；whereas“然而，鑒于”。句意：從1947年到1950年抽象表達(dá)完全成熟，在20世紀(jì)50年代期間，這種風(fēng)格在紐約市的藝術(shù)舞臺中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Mr.Goresaystheincreasing（）ofbushfiresinAustraliaisanexampleofhowquicklytheclimateischanging.

問題1選項

A.viciousness

B.ferocity

C.maliciousness

D.malevolence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項viciousness“邪惡，惡意”；B選項ferocity“兇猛，殘忍”；C選項maliciousness“惡意”；D選項malevolence“怨恨，狠毒”。句意：戈爾說，澳大利亞越發(fā)肆虐的叢林大火是氣候變化速度之快的例證之一。這里是指火勢很猛，所以選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

By1817theUnitedStatesConfesshad_______allinternaltaxesandwasrelyingontariffsonimportedgoodstoprovidesufficientrevenuestorunthegovernment.

問題1選項

A.allocated

B.distributed

C.eliminated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】allocated分配;distributed分發(fā);eliminated忽略,除去;collected收集。句意：到1817年,美國承認(rèn)取消了所有的國內(nèi)稅收,運行政府依靠進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅來提供足夠的收入。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

問題1選項

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過提倡……改變，他們認(rèn)為可以保持消費者的低成本狀態(tài)。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，徹底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根據(jù)后面的“消費者的低成本狀態(tài)”可知前面的改變是“適度的”，即劃線單詞的意思是“適度的；合理的”。因此選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

問題1選項

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在if虛擬條件句中，如果是對過去情況的虛擬，則條件從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句用would/could/should+have+動詞過去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were，had或should，則可以將if省略，將這幾個詞提到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗殺，那么聯(lián)邦政府可能就已經(jīng)被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。

8.單選題

（

）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.

問題1選項

A.Excessive

B.Extensive

C.Extreme

D.Exclusive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如今，隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)快速發(fā)展水的消耗很大。

形容詞辨析。Excessive過多的，過分的;Extensive廣泛的，大量的;Extreme極端的;exclusive獨有的，排外的。因此B符合句意。

9.填空題

Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich[1]weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeing[2]conventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedto[3]conveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposal[4]avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimto[5]communicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyle,tootherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesin[6]sizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,[7]unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystemaconcrete[8]transmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans[9](speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare[10]amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.

【答案】1.agreeing改為agreed

2.words改為these/thosewords

3.in改為at

4.enables改為enable

5.style改為styles

6.old改為older

7.seen改為understood

8.刪除it

9.And改為However

10.moststriking改為themoststriking

【解析】1.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，agreeing作前置定語修飾conventions，agree和conventions之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以要用agree的過去分詞形式agreed“一致的，同意的”。Agreedconventions“一致的慣例”。

2.語法題。根據(jù)上文的astoreofwords，可知下文再次提及words，應(yīng)該添加指示代詞表特指。又因為words為復(fù)數(shù)，所以選用指示代詞these或者those。

3.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”，所以inhisdisposal介詞搭配錯誤。

4.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules，為復(fù)數(shù)，所以定語從句中的謂語動詞不能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

5.語法題。根據(jù)avarietyof“各種各樣的”，用來修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。這里要用名詞style的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

6.語法題。根據(jù)句意，“特別是他的詞匯量，無論是經(jīng)常使用的還是他認(rèn)識的，隨著年齡的增長，由于教育和使用經(jīng)驗，詞匯量也會增加”?？芍@里的old應(yīng)該用比較級的形式。

7.上下文語義。根據(jù)句意“除非他能夠運用一種能夠被語言社區(qū)中的其他成員所理解的表達(dá)方式”，所以這里要表達(dá)的意思是“理解”，而不是seen“被看到”。

8.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配takesth.forgranted“認(rèn)為某事是理所當(dāng)然的”。根據(jù)下文提到的thetwomostcommonformsoftransmission“兩種最常見的交流方式”，可知文章要表達(dá)的意思是“認(rèn)為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當(dāng)然的”，所以這里的it為多余的代詞。

9.上下文邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到Wetakeforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission，“我們認(rèn)為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當(dāng)然的”，下文提到theseareamongmoststrikingofhumanachievements,“這是人類最顯著的成就之一”。可知前后兩句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。所以并列連詞誤用，應(yīng)改為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。

10.語法題。文中moststriking應(yīng)該要表達(dá)的意思為“最顯著的”，為形容詞的最高級形式。形容詞的最高級前面應(yīng)該加上定冠詞the，為英語的習(xí)慣用法和表達(dá)。

10.翻譯題

美國人民非常欽佩中國幾千年來在人類文化、宗教、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)和技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域做出的貢獻(xiàn)。我們銘記著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間兩國的牢固伙伴關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在我們看到中國處在這樣一個歷史時刻：你們目前氣勢磅礴的改革和更加美好的未來是可以和輝煌的往昔相提并論的。僅僅三十年前，中國基本上與世隔絕，現(xiàn)在中國參加了從航空領(lǐng)域到農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一千多個國際組織，影響遍及國家的各個領(lǐng)域。你們已經(jīng)較大地開放了貿(mào)易和投資領(lǐng)域。今天有四萬年輕的中國學(xué)生在美國學(xué)習(xí)，另外還有幾十萬人在亞洲、非洲、歐洲和拉丁美洲學(xué)習(xí)。

你們在經(jīng)濟和社會的改變過程中表現(xiàn)十分突出，你們從封閉的、指令性的經(jīng)濟體制過渡到蓬勃發(fā)展的、依靠市場力量的經(jīng)濟體制。近20年來，這種經(jīng)濟取得前所未有的增長。人們有更多的自由在國內(nèi)外旅行；人們可以選舉自己的村長；可以擁有自己的房子；可以選擇自己的職業(yè)和上更好的學(xué)校。這樣，你們使上億人民脫貧，人均收入在過去十年里翻了一番多，今天中國人民所過的生活是他們過去二十年來根本想象不到的。

當(dāng)然這些變化也打亂了一成不變的生活工作方式，也給環(huán)境造成極大的負(fù)擔(dān)。過去，每一個城市公民都保證在國有企業(yè)有份工作，現(xiàn)在必須競爭。過去，工人只需要滿足中央計劃安排的要求?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)入全球經(jīng)濟時代，這意味著你們必須和全世界的質(zhì)量和創(chuàng)造性相競爭。

在短期內(nèi)，那些有能力的勤勞的人，至少有一部分也將會失業(yè)。正如你們所看到的，過去的20年的發(fā)展模式和能源使用模式，使中國在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟、保健方面付出了巨大的代價：空氣污染、樹木減少、酸雨、水資源短缺。面對這些挑戰(zhàn)，必須制定新的培訓(xùn)和社會保障制度體系。引進(jìn)新的環(huán)保政策和技術(shù)，一方面使經(jīng)濟增長，另一方面改善環(huán)境。

【答案】TheAmericanpeoplegreatlyadmireChina’scontributionsoverthousandsofyearsinthefieldsofhumanculture,religion,philosophy,art,scienceandtechnology.WerememberthestrongpartnershipbetweenourtwocountriesduringtheSecondWorldWar.NowweseeChinaatamomentinhistorywhenthemomentumofyourcurrentreformsandthepromiseofabrighterfuturecanbecomparedtothegloryofyourpast.Virtuallyisolatedjustthreedecadesago,Chinaisnowamemberofmorethanathousandinternationalorganizations,fromaviationtoagriculture,affectingeverysectorofthecountry.Youhaveopenedupyourtradeandinvestmentsectorsconsiderably.Today,40,000youngChinesestudentsstudyintheUnitedStates,andhundredsofthousandsmoreinAsia,Africa,EuropeandLatinAmerica.

Youhavedistinguishedyourselvesintheprocessofeconomicandsocialchange,fromaclosed,prescriptiveeconomytoonethatthrivesonmarketforces.Fornearlytwodecades,thiseconomyhasachievedunprecedentedgrowth.Peoplehavemorefreedomtotravelwithinandoutsidethecountry;Peoplecanelecttheirownvillageleaders;Youcanownyourownhome;Youcanchooseyourowncareerandgotobetterschools.Asaresult,youhaveliftedhundredsofmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty,andpercapitaincomehasmorethandoubledinthelast10years.TheChinesepeopletodayarelivinglivestheycouldneverhaveimaginedinthelast20years.

Ofcourse,thesechangeshavedisruptedtheunchangingwayoflifeandworkandcausedagreatburdentotheenvironment.Inthepast,everycitycitizenwasguaranteedajobinastate-ownedenterprise;nowtheymustcompete.Inthepast,workersonlyhadtomeettherequirementsofcentralplanningarrangements.It’saglobaleconomy,andthatmeansyouhavetocompetewithqualityandcreativityallovertheworld.

Intheshortterm,atleastsomeofthosewhoareableandindustriouswillalsobeoutofwork.Asyoucansee,thepatternofdevelopmentandthepatternofenergyuseoverthelast20yearshastakenahugetollonChina’senvironment,economy,andhealth:airpollution,fewertrees,acidrain,watershortages.Facingthesechallenges,newsystemsoftrainingandsocialprotectionmustbedeveloped.Theintroductionofnewenvironmentalpoliciesandtechnologies,ontheonehand,willenableeconomicgrowth,andontheotherhand,improvetheenvironment.

11.單選題

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830sthroughtheearly1890s.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880s,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepacking-housesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatafromthe1880sandtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeareinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880sandcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880s,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.

Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,lesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers——thegiantyardsandtheintricateplants----thanoftheunityandvibrancy(活躍)oftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunityonChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe“socialmovement”(inthelastparagraph)generatedbyChicago’sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880swereinfluencedby（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto（）.

問題1選項

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers’roleinthenationallabormovement

問題2選項

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.socialworkers

C.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

問題3選項

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.suggestthehistory’slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

問題4選項

A.theworkers’determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepacking-houses

C.theworkers’abilitytoperformtheindustry’scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880s

問題5選項

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistorydiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderminethepremisesofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(這個作品忽視了十九世紀(jì)八十年代是美國勞工歷史上重要時期的事實和肉類加工工人的努力是美國全國性勞工改革運動的一部分)以及第三段指出:Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations(作者對肉類加工商對其工業(yè)區(qū)的感受的起源的誤解，可能是歷史錯誤概括的原因)。因此該文章主要討論“為何有關(guān)芝加哥肉類加工業(yè)情況的敘述是錯誤的”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干問:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉類包裝行業(yè)負(fù)面狀況的內(nèi)容，除了…。A:來自芝加哥大學(xué)的資料,第二段指出:AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(來自芝加哥大學(xué)的附加資料表明肉類加工廠的工作環(huán)境是危險的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社會工作者,由第二段中“whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked(與此同吋，社會工作者發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)工人收入非常差且工作過度)”可知B正確。C:肉類加工業(yè)的近代史,第一段指出:Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辯稱，肉類加工工人的工資待遇、工資條件和發(fā)展前景都不錯，且肉類加工工人沒有與勞工糾紛鼓動者合作的原因是該行業(yè)的勞工關(guān)系非常和睦),因此C項錯誤。D:第二段指出:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions(事實上，其它針對十九世紀(jì)晚期的歷史資料記錄了由于低工資