考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中山大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中山大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

W:Wouldyoulikemetogetyousometea?

M:Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwant?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Todrinkteainawhile.

B.Toprepareteahimself.

C.Togetthewomansometealater.

D.Todrinksomethingelse.

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)男士的回答“Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.現(xiàn)在不用，謝謝?？赡芤粫?huì)兒會(huì)需要?！笨芍狝選項(xiàng)‘一會(huì)兒再喝’正確。

2.單選題

Withoutcarefulinvestigation,neverdrawaconclusionsinceweneedtohavefactualknowledge______ourthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)。句意：沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)調(diào)查，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，因?yàn)槲覀冃枰聦?shí)性知識(shí)作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。橫線到句尾是修飾knowledge的定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)在事實(shí)性知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上確定用uponknowledge，根據(jù)以事實(shí)性知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)是為了形成thinking，確定用不定式，C選項(xiàng)uponwhichtobase正確。A選項(xiàng)whichtobebasedon和D選項(xiàng)towhichtobebased不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，B選項(xiàng)whichtobaseupon缺少upon，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Ifapersonisinastatebetweensleepingandbeingawake,oftenasaresultofheatordrinkingalcohol,hefeels_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tiresome

B.fatigued

C.drowsy

D.restless

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tiresome討厭的，令人厭煩的B.fatigued身心交瘁，精疲力竭

C.drowsy困倦的，昏昏欲睡的D.restless坐立不安的，不耐煩的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞betweensleepingandbeingawake，可知這里指一個(gè)人半夢(mèng)半醒時(shí)的感覺(jué)，drowsy符合語(yǔ)境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】如果一個(gè)人處于半夢(mèng)半醒的狀態(tài)，通常是由于發(fā)熱或飲酒，他會(huì)感到昏昏欲睡。

4.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno（）togotothepartywithus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)taste“味道”；B選項(xiàng)mood“心情”；C選項(xiàng)sense“感覺(jué)”；D選項(xiàng)emotion“情感”。句意：工作了一整天后，他太累了，沒(méi)有心情和我們一起去參加聚會(huì)。本句表示沒(méi)有參加聚會(huì)的心情，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

“Youtrytogetsomesleep.I'll（）thepatientsbreakfast,”saidthenurse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seeto

B.stickto

C.getto

D.leadto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。seeto“注意，負(fù)責(zé)”；stickto“堅(jiān)持”；getto“到達(dá)”；leadto“導(dǎo)致，通向”。句意：這位護(hù)士說(shuō)：“你去睡一會(huì)吧，我會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)病人的早餐的”。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:雖然他已經(jīng)很富有了，但是他仍十分節(jié)儉。

economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；thrifty節(jié)儉的，通常與with連用，例如bethriftywithmoney節(jié)約用錢；frugal節(jié)儉，通常與of連用，例如befrugalofone’smoney節(jié)約用錢;careful小心的。故選C。

7.單選題

Inthosedays,executiveexpectedtospendmostoftheirlivesinthesamefirmand,unlesstheyweredismissedfor（）toretireattheageof65.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.denial

C.incompetence

D.deduction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)integrity“完整，正直”，B項(xiàng)denial“否認(rèn)，拒絕”，C項(xiàng)incompetence“無(wú)資格，無(wú)能力”，D項(xiàng)deduction“扣除，減除”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dismissed（解雇）可知，只有C項(xiàng)可以成為被解雇的原因。句意：在那些日子里，高管們希望在同一家公司度過(guò)他們的大部分生命，除非他們因?yàn)闊o(wú)能而被解雇，否則他們將在65歲退休。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat.drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

【答案】聽(tīng)?wèi)騽o(wú)疑是昂貴的消費(fèi)。但除非我們放棄社會(huì)賦予的選擇權(quán)，否則昂貴的東西也并非富人專屬。我們可以選擇讓那些無(wú)支付能力的人享有戲劇及其他形式的昂貴文化。但問(wèn)題是，我們?yōu)槭裁匆菢幼?？誰(shuí)都不會(huì)否認(rèn)，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人類伸出手來(lái)也并不只是為了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是為了涂涂畫畫。文化沖動(dòng)，即通過(guò)想象和表征來(lái)表達(dá)、探索世界的欲望，是人類的基本特點(diǎn)。在歐洲，這種渴望已經(jīng)在音樂(lè)、繪畫、文學(xué)和戲劇的杰作中得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些杰作是衡量我們一切努力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也是人類思想和想象力可能達(dá)到的高度。它們包含著人與人之間能夠傳遞的最深刻的信息。

9.單選題

Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.

Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.

Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic（includingotherscientists）receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.

Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappealtobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationpfrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.

Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogetherchallenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”

1.Paragraph1statesthattheprocessofdiscoveryhasthecharacteristicsof（）.

2.Paragraph2suggeststhatcredibilityprocessrequires（）.

3.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit（）.

4.AlbertAzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.logicalityandobjectivity

B.uncertaintyandcomplexity

C.systematicnessandregularity

D.misconceptionanddeceptiveness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.sharedefforts

B.strictinspection

C.individualwisdom

D.persistentinnovation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists

B.hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic

C.hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity

D.hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges

B.Discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch

C.Effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified

D.scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment

B.CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery

C.ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience

D.EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph和theprocessofdiscovery可定位至原文第一段第二句。由原文信息可知，在日常的科學(xué)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程通常是含糊和復(fù)雜的。選項(xiàng)B中的uncertainty和complexity分別為ambiguous和complicated的同義替換，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞credibilityprocess定位至第二段第三四句。這兩句話介紹了可信性的證實(shí)過(guò)程。由原文信息可知，經(jīng)過(guò)集體的詳細(xì)審查和認(rèn)可一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明才能變?yōu)榭煽康目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，單個(gè)研究者的“我”、“這里”和“現(xiàn)在”變成了科學(xué)界里的“任何人”、“任何地方”和“任何時(shí)間”。由此可知，可信性證實(shí)過(guò)程需要整個(gè)科學(xué)界的審查和認(rèn)可，是集體努力的結(jié)果，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位至文章第三段。作者在這一段詳細(xì)介紹了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)可信性的證實(shí)過(guò)程，指出在科學(xué)界復(fù)雜的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)下，研究者發(fā)表發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容，編輯和審查者審核論文發(fā)表過(guò)程，其他科學(xué)家利用該發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果，最后，大眾知曉這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一可信性證實(shí)過(guò)程是在大家的共同努力下得以完成。后文又講到，在一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明被業(yè)界審查的過(guò)程中，相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)的融合和碰撞把個(gè)人的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明變成了科學(xué)界的可靠發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，個(gè)人的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要經(jīng)過(guò)整個(gè)科學(xué)界的審查才能變成可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)A.、B.、D.都只是可信性證實(shí)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)方面，不足以概括整個(gè)過(guò)程，均可排除。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第四段第七句。這句話闡述了阿爾貝特?圣捷爾吉對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的描述，即“見(jiàn)世人所見(jiàn)，思無(wú)人所思”。由此可知，阿爾貝特?圣捷爾吉強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不能循規(guī)蹈矩，要有創(chuàng)新精神和批判精神，所以D選項(xiàng)表述最符合原文含義。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。本文首先指明日常科學(xué)研究充滿了不確定性和復(fù)雜性。接著作者指出科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要經(jīng)過(guò)可信性證實(shí)過(guò)程才能變?yōu)榭煽康目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。而在第三段，作者詳細(xì)介紹了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)可信性的證實(shí)過(guò)程，并在第四段指出了可信性證實(shí)過(guò)程中存在的兩個(gè)矛盾。第五段作者對(duì)科學(xué)的可信性證實(shí)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。綜上所述，文章始終都在論述科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明是如何變?yōu)榭煽靠茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程，即科學(xué)可信性的證實(shí)過(guò)程。因此，D選項(xiàng)最適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。

10.翻譯題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.

（1）Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

（2）Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledperson,whohaddiedinanaccident.

（3）Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsarenormallywhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.（4）Dr.Geschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerenotcrossed.

（5）Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain'selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren'sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DrDuffyfoundlargedifferenceinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.Hesaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

【答案】（1）現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們知道學(xué)習(xí)障礙有很多不同的種類，且還知道它們是由不同的事物引起的。

（2）你不能僅憑看一眼孩子就能判斷他或她是否有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。這種機(jī)能失調(diào)沒(méi)有外在的標(biāo)志。因此，一些研究人員開始觀察大腦本身來(lái)了解什么地方可能出了問(wèn)題。

（3）他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種不同尋常的情況。一個(gè)與控制語(yǔ)言的大腦左半部的細(xì)胞有關(guān)。這些細(xì)胞在正常情況下是白色的。然而，有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人這些細(xì)胞卻是灰色的。

（4）Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由大腦左半部分出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題引起的。他認(rèn)為大腦的這一部分未能正常地發(fā)育。

（5）其他研究人員沒(méi)有檢查腦組織。作為替代，他們測(cè)量了大腦的電活動(dòng)，并就這些電信號(hào)繪制了一張圖。

11.單選題

TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)initiate“開始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動(dòng)，團(tuán)體的產(chǎn)生；B選項(xiàng)originate“起源于，來(lái)自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項(xiàng)commence“開始”，指重大事件及歷史時(shí)期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時(shí)代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時(shí)代始于1957年10月，當(dāng)時(shí)蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

12.單選題

Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutional,eventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycolleges,thismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmerit,notontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.,aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.Meanwhile,activistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.

Now,chiefexecutivesofabouttwodozencompanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.They,togetherwith36universitiesand7nonprofitableorganizations,formedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessentiallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs’motive:“Ouraudienceisgrowingmorediverse,sothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverseaswell”,saysoneCEOofacompangthatownsninetelevisionstations.

Amongthestepstheforumispushing:findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscores;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycriticstochallengethesetacticsincourt,thegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem.“Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimate,legalways,”says,aforummember.

Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities—whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates—toadmitstudentswhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschools,eveniftheywouldn’thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.

46.U.S.courtrestrictionsonaffirmativeactionsignifiesthat___.

47.WhathasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheUnitedStates?

48.CEOsofbigcompaniesdecidedtohelpcollegesenrollmoreminoritystudentsbecausethey___.

49.Themajortactictheforumusesisto___.

50.Ifthe10%ruleisapplied,___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.minoritiesnolongerholdtheoncefavoredstatus

B.thequalityofAmericancollegeshasimproved

C.racialpreferenceshasreplacedracialprejudice

D.theminorityisonanequalfootingwiththemajority

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whetheraffirmativeactionshouldcontinuetoexist.

B.Whetherthislawishelpingminoritiesorthewhitemajority.

C.WhetherracismexistsinAmericancollegeadmission.

D.Whetherracialintoleranceshouldbepunished.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thinkitwrongtodeprivetheminoritiesoftheirrightstoreceiveeducation

B.wanttoconservethefinecharacteristicsofAmericannation

C.wantaworkforcethatreflectsthediversityoftheircustomers

D.thinkittheirdutytohelpdevelopeducationofthecountry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.battletheracialpreferencesincourt

B.supportcollegesinvolvedinlawsuitsofracism

C.strivetosettlethispoliticaldebatenationwide

D.findlegallyviablewaystoensureminorityadmissions

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwhitehighschoolstudentscangetintocolleges

B.publicuniversitiescangetexcellentstudents

C.studentsfrompoorruralfamiliescangotocolleges

D.goodminoritystudentscangetintopublicuniversities

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutional,eventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycolleges,thismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmerit,notontheirraceorethnicity.（二十多年來(lái)，美國(guó)法院一直在限制大學(xué)和其他領(lǐng)域的平權(quán)行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。法律依據(jù)是，種族優(yōu)待是違憲的，即使是那些旨在補(bǔ)償種族主義或不容忍的優(yōu)待。對(duì)于許多大學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著學(xué)生只能被錄取，而不是根據(jù)他們的種族或民族）可知少數(shù)民族之前能因?yàn)樽约旱姆N族在錄取方面受到優(yōu)待，但是平權(quán)行動(dòng)被限制之后少數(shù)民族的優(yōu)待減少，選A選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族不再擁有曾經(jīng)受到優(yōu)待的地位”；B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)大學(xué)的質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了”和D選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族與多數(shù)民族地位平等”原文未提及，排除；第一段末尾Meanwhile,activistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.（與此同時(shí)，從密歇根州到北卡羅來(lái)納州，活動(dòng)人士繼續(xù)在法庭上反對(duì)種族偏好）可知種族偏好被反對(duì)，但是無(wú)法判斷出種族偏好取代了種族偏見(jiàn)，C選項(xiàng)“種族偏好取代了種族偏見(jiàn)”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.（這在美國(guó)各地一直是一個(gè)引起分歧的問(wèn)題），根據(jù)本段可知這里的it指代的是前文所提到的Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.（二十多年來(lái)，美國(guó)法院一直在限制大學(xué)和其他領(lǐng)域的平權(quán)行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目）這一個(gè)限制平權(quán)行動(dòng)，可知存在的爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題是是否應(yīng)該限制平權(quán)行動(dòng)，而不是平權(quán)行動(dòng)是否應(yīng)該存在，A選項(xiàng)“平權(quán)行動(dòng)是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)存在”不符合原文；根據(jù)原文IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.,aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.（這在美國(guó)一直是一個(gè)引起分歧的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榻逃ぷ髡邔⑸贁?shù)族裔入學(xué)率下降歸咎于對(duì)平權(quán)行動(dòng)的長(zhǎng)期反應(yīng)）可知as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議，是因?yàn)橄拗破綑?quán)活動(dòng)的這一做法會(huì)影響白人和少數(shù)族裔，B選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)法律是在幫助少數(shù)民族還是白人多數(shù)民族”符合，雖然B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有直接在原文出現(xiàn)，但是原文隱藏的邏輯關(guān)系為限制平權(quán)活動(dòng)到底是在幫助少數(shù)民族還是白人多數(shù)民族，對(duì)雙方產(chǎn)生的究竟是積極的影響還是消極的影響；C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)大學(xué)錄取是否存在種族歧視”和D選項(xiàng)“種族不容忍是否應(yīng)該受到懲罰”原文未涉及，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“CEOsofbigcompanies”定位到原文第二段末尾TheCEOs’motive:“Ouraudienceisgrowingmorediverse,sothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverseaswell”,saysoneCEOofacompangthatownsninetelevisionstations.（首席執(zhí)行官們的動(dòng)機(jī)是：“我們的受眾越來(lái)越多樣化，因此，如果我們的員工在種族和種族上也多樣化，我們服務(wù)的社區(qū)就會(huì)受益”，一家擁有9家電視臺(tái)的公司的首席執(zhí)行官說(shuō)）可知大公司的員工在種族上多樣化就能反映出其公司的受眾越來(lái)越多樣化，給公司服務(wù)的社區(qū)帶來(lái)更多的受益，選C選項(xiàng)“想要其勞動(dòng)群體能夠反映客戶的多元化”；A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為剝奪少數(shù)民族接受教育的權(quán)利是錯(cuò)誤的”，B選項(xiàng)“想要保存美國(guó)民族的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)”和D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為幫助發(fā)展國(guó)家的教育是他們的職責(zé)”原文未提及，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段開頭Amongthestepstheforumispushing:findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscores;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.（該論壇正在推動(dòng)的步驟包括：通過(guò)新的招生政策找到有創(chuàng)意但合法的方式來(lái)提高少數(shù)族裔的入學(xué)人數(shù)；推動(dòng)錄取決定不僅僅看考試成績(jī)；并鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)加強(qiáng)對(duì)少數(shù)族裔的宣傳和財(cái)政援助）可知D選項(xiàng)“找到合法可行的方法來(lái)確保少數(shù)族裔錄取”符合原文；根據(jù)第二段第二句They,togetherwith36universitiesand7nonprofitableorganizations,formedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessentiallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.（他們與36所大學(xué)和7家非營(yíng)利組織組成了一個(gè)論壇，制定了一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，其本質(zhì)上是為了幫助大學(xué)規(guī)避法院對(duì)平權(quán)行動(dòng)施加的限制）可知該論壇是為了維護(hù)平權(quán)行動(dòng)和少數(shù)民族的權(quán)利所建立的，所以A選項(xiàng)“在法庭上對(duì)抗種族偏好”和原文相反；根據(jù)第三段Andtocounteraccusationsbycriticstochallengethesetacticsincourt,thegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem.（為了反駁批評(píng)人士在法庭上挑戰(zhàn)這些策略的指控，該組織表示將為因嘗試這些策略而被起訴的大學(xué)提供法律援助）可知這個(gè)論壇并不是一定支持涉及種族主義訴訟的大學(xué)，而是為了反駁批評(píng)人士的指控，會(huì)去為因嘗試這些策略而被起訴的大學(xué)提供法律援助，B選項(xiàng)“支持涉及種族主義訴訟的大學(xué)”和原文是與區(qū)別的；C選項(xiàng)“努力解決這個(gè)全國(guó)性的政治辯論”原文未涉及，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“the10%rule”定位到原文最后一段Theideaisforpublicuniversities…toadmitstudentswhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschools,eveniftheywouldn’thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.（這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的目的是讓公立大學(xué)錄取高中畢業(yè)班排名前10%的學(xué)生。這樣做可以讓大學(xué)錄取在普通城市學(xué)校中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的少數(shù)族裔，即使他們沒(méi)有按照目前許多大學(xué)使用的全州排名進(jìn)行排名）可知如果適用10%規(guī)則，表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的少數(shù)族裔也可以被公立大學(xué)錄取，選D選項(xiàng)“好的少數(shù)民族學(xué)生可以進(jìn)入公立大學(xué)”；A選項(xiàng)“最好的白人高中學(xué)生可以進(jìn)入大學(xué)”沒(méi)有明確“公立大學(xué)”這一范圍，B選項(xiàng)“公立大學(xué)可以得到優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生”沒(méi)有明確“少數(shù)族裔”這一范圍，二者的范圍過(guò)大，比較空泛，排除；C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)村貧困家庭的學(xué)生可以上大學(xué)”原文未提及，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Myneighbortendedtoreactinaheatand（）way.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impetuous

B.impertinent

C.imperative

D.imperceptible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。impetuous“性急的，魯莽的”；impertinent“無(wú)關(guān)的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)?，不相干的”；imperative“必要的，緊急的，極重要的”；imperceptible“察覺(jué)不出的，感覺(jué)不到的”。句意：我鄰居傾向于用一種激烈、魯莽的方式做出反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.翻譯題

Man,saidAristotle,isasocialanimal.Thissociabilityrequirespeacefulcongregation,andthehistoryofmankindismainlyamovementthroughtimeofhumancollectivitiesthatrangefrommigranttribalbandstolargeandcomplexcivilizations.Survivalhasbeenduetotheabilitytocreatethemeansbywhichmeningroupsretaintheirunityandallegiancetooneanother.

Orderwascausedbytheneedanddesiretosurvivethechallengeoftheenvironment.Thisorderlyconditioncalledthe“state”,andtherulesthatmaintainedit,the“l(fā)aw”.Withtimethepartnertothistranquility,manmarchedacrossthecenturiesofhisevolutiontothebrinkofexploringtheboundariesofhisowngalaxy.Ofalllivingorganisms,onlymanhasthecapacitytointerprethisownevolutionasprogress.Associallifechanged,theworthandrightsofeachmemberinthelargergroup,ofwhichhewasapart,increased.Asthegroupsgrewfromclanstocivilizations,thevalueoftheindividualdidnotdiminish,butbecameinsteadaguidetotherulesthatgovernallmen.

【答案】亞里士多德說(shuō)過(guò)，人是一種社會(huì)性動(dòng)物。這種社會(huì)性要求人類和平的聚集，而人類歷史主要是人類集體跨越時(shí)間的運(yùn)動(dòng)，從遷徙的部落到大而復(fù)雜的文明。人類能夠生存下來(lái)是因?yàn)橛袆?chuàng)造各種手段的能力，通過(guò)這些手段，群體中的人們能夠保持團(tuán)結(jié)以及對(duì)彼此的忠誠(chéng)。

在環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)中生存下來(lái)的需要和渴望帶來(lái)了秩序。這種有序的狀態(tài)叫作“國(guó)家”，而維持這種狀態(tài)的規(guī)則叫作“法律”。隨著時(shí)間平靜地流逝，人類走過(guò)了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的進(jìn)化歷程，即將探索自身群體的邊界。在所有的生物中，只有人類有能力把自身的演變解釋為進(jìn)步。隨著社會(huì)生活的變化，大群體中每個(gè)成員的價(jià)值和權(quán)力都在增加。隨著群體從氏族發(fā)展到文明，個(gè)人的價(jià)值并沒(méi)有減少，而是變成了統(tǒng)治所有人的規(guī)則指南。

15.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞短語(yǔ)搭配。沒(méi)有ontheporch這個(gè)搭配，排除選項(xiàng)A；onthethreshold“即將開始”；ontheedgeof“在……的邊緣”；onthecourseof“在……的過(guò)程中”。句意：作為學(xué)校里最年輕的教授，布朗先生正處在輝煌事業(yè)的開始階段。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

It’sapitythatshemarstheaccountofwhathappenedby______herownviewstoomuch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.derailing

B.falsifying

C.cowering

D.obtruding

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.derailing（火車）出軌，脫軌B.falsifying篡改；偽造（文字記錄、信息）

C.cowering（因恐懼而）蜷縮，畏縮D.obtruding強(qiáng)行闖入；強(qiáng)加于人

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息shemarstheaccountofwhathappened（她破壞了對(duì)所發(fā)生事情的敘述），結(jié)合選項(xiàng)詞義可知，by______herownviewstoomuch表達(dá)的意思是“通過(guò)強(qiáng)加自己的觀點(diǎn)給別人”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】遺憾的是，她把自己的觀點(diǎn)過(guò)多地強(qiáng)加于人，歪曲了對(duì)所發(fā)生事情的敘述。

17.單選題

（

）,policewouldnotprosecuteyou.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Providedthatyoucooperatedwithus

B.Providedthatyouwillcooperatewithus

C.Providedthatyouhavecooperatedwithus

D.Providedthatyouwouldcooperatewithus

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬，從句：If主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were），主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+videdthat意為“假如，設(shè)若”。

句意：假如你和我們合作，警察就不會(huì)起訴你的。

18.單選題

Whatifoursocietyusesnew-foundtechnologiesof“geneticengineering”tointerferewiththebiologicalnatureofhumanbeings?Mightthatnotbedisastrous?

Whataboutcloning,forinstance?

Cloningisatermoriginallyusedinconnectionwithnonsexualreproductionofplantsandverysimpleanimal.Nowitiscomingintouseinconnectionwithhigheranimals,sincebiologistsarefindingwaysofstartingwithanindividualcellofagrownanimalandinducingittomultiplyintothesamewayinthefuture.

Butiscloningasafethingtounleashonsociety?Mightitnotbeusedfordestructivepurposes?Forinstance,mightnotsomerulinggroupdecidetoclonetheirsubmissive,downtroddenpeasantry,andthusproduceendlesshordesofsemi-robotswhowillslavetokeepafewinluxuryandwhomayevenserveasendlessranksofsoldiersdesignedtoconquertherestoftheworld?

Adreadfulthought,butanunnecessaryfear.Foronething,thereisnoneedtocloneforthepurpose.Theordinarymethodofreproductionproducesallthehumanbeingsthatareneededandasrapidlyasisneeded.Rightnow,theordinarymethodisproducingsomanypeopleastoputcivilizationindangerofimminentdestruction.Whatmorecancloningdo?

Secondly,unskilledsemi-robotscannotbesuccessfullypittedagainsttheskilledusersofmachine,eitheronfarms,infactoriesorinarmies.Anynationdependingondowntroddenmasseswillfinditselfaneasymarkforexploitationbyalesspopulousbutmoreskilledandversatilesociety.Thishashappenedinthepastoftenenough.

Butevenifweforgetaboutself-hordes,whataboutthecloningofarelativelyfewindividuals?Therearerichpeoplewhocouldaffordtheexpense,orpoliticianswhocouldhavetheinfluenceforit,orthegiftedwhocouldundergoitbypopulardemand.There