虛擬語氣 放映課件

虛擬語氣虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。一、虛擬語氣在在條件從句中（一）在條件從句中(叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況(以do為例)：表示與事實情況相反條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況過去式(did)(be常用were)Would/could/might/should+do表示過去情況過去完成式(had+doneWould/could/might/should+havedone表示將來情況①過去式(did)②should+do③weretodoWould/could/might/should+do①

Ifthewholeoperation_____beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.(99.6)A)wasnotplannedB)hasnotbeenplannedC)werenotplannedD)hadnotbeenplanned②

Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemother____onherrighttokeepthebaby.(02.1)A)hasbeeninsistingB)hadinsistedC)wouldinsistD)insisted（二）、虛擬條件句使用注意事項1．錯綜時間條件句：條件狀語從句的動作時間和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間來調整。例如：Ifhehadn’ttrainedsohard,hewouldn’trunsofastnow.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’tbesoworriednow.①IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you______now.（99.1） A)wouldn’tbesmiling B)couldn’thavesmiled C)won’tsmile D)didn’tsmile②

IfI_____harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.(03.四級考題)workedB)weretoworkC)hadworkedD)wereworking2.虛擬的條件不是用條件句，而是用介詞短語\分詞短語/祈使句或其他方式來表示＊

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.＊Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.=ifitwerenotforyouhelp,Icouldn’thavedonethat=ifithadnotbeenforyour…….＊Hewasillthatday.Otherwise/orhewouldhavetakenpartinthecleaning.＊Iwouldhavehelpedhim,butIwastoobusythen.

＊Butthat

shewasafraid,shewouldhavegonethere.＊Givenmoretime,Icouldhavedoneitbetter.＊Withmoremoney,Icouldhaveboughtabiggerone.＊Onemoresound,andImighthavebeenkilled.二、虛擬語氣在在名詞性從句中與意愿、建議、命令、要求、堅持有關的名詞性從句中，包括主從、賓從、表從、同位語從句，通常用(should)+v原形。常用相關詞有：suggest(suggestion),advise(advice),recommendorder,demand,desire,request,require,insist等。例如：Hedemanded/advised/suggested/insistedthatwe(should)startrightaway.(賓從)Ordercamethatweshouldstartoutatonce.（同位）Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.（同位）Hissuggestion/demand/request/orderisthatyoushouldmakeupforthelosttime（表從）Itissuggested/orderedthatweshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.(主從)2）在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：should+動詞原形

[例句]It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

我們有必要出去散散步。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

她這樣做是很自然的。It’simportantthatyourinjuredhandnotbeexposedtothesun.①Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms______backasearlyaspossible.(00.1月四級題)A)mustbesentB)willbesentC)aresentD)besent②

Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist_____thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.(01.1)A)hasmadesureB)madesureC)mustmakesureD)makesure

③

Itisrecommendedthattheproject____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.(95.6)A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted④

Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios___after11o’clockatnight.(96.1)A)werenotplayedB)nottoplayC)notbeplayedD)didnotplay(二)、虛擬語氣在在賓語從句中

表示建議(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等動詞后面接的賓語從句中，動詞用（should）+do

構成,should可以省略。Hedemanded/advised/suggested/insistedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Thedoctororderedthatheshouldbeoperatedon.注意：insist/suggest不同意思，用不同語氣（1)Insist表示“堅決要求”時，“堅持要,一定要”，從句所指的情況一般是尚未實現(xiàn)的事實，用虛擬.可用insistondoing替換。表示“堅持說，堅稱”，從句所指的多是已發(fā)生的事或已存在的狀態(tài)，用陳述語氣，引導詞that可省略。SheinsistedthatIshoulddowithhim=SheinsistedonmygoingwithhimIinsistedthathewaswrong.（2)Suggest表示“建議”時，用虛擬形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。[例句]Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.

老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.Thestudentinsistedthathe_____(be)allrightand_______(refuse)togototheclinic.Thelawyersuggestedthathisclient____________(ask)hisbossforcompensationfortheaccident.His___________(disappoint)looksuggestedthathe___________(fail)topassthetest.Iinsisthe_____________(notchoose)asateammemberonaccountofhissmallsize.Thewitnessinsistedthathe________(see)apersonclimbthroughthewindow.Thegloomyweathersuggestswe______(have)rainlydaytomorrow.wasrefusedshouldaskdisappointedhadfailednotbechosenhadseenwill3）wish后面的賓語從句,表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望,“真希望，但愿”=ifonly引導的感嘆句①與現(xiàn)在相反--從句的謂語動詞用過去式：Iwishitwerespringnow=Ifonlyitwerespringnow②與將來相反愿望--“would(could)+動詞原形”：Iwishyoucouldgowithus=ifonlyyoucouldgowithustomorrow③過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望--“had+過去分詞”：Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.=ifonlywehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier

提醒:無論wish使用何種時態(tài)，從句中時態(tài)保持不變，仍用過去式或者過去完成式①

Iwished______toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearditwasabeautifulcity.A)IwentB)IhadgoneC)IhavegoneD)havinggone②

LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI___youradvice.A)followedB)wouldfollowC)hadfollowedD)shouldfollow

③

Ifonlythecommittee____theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.(97.1)A)approveB)willapproveC)canproveD)wouldapprove

3。在would(had)rather(寧愿)

引導的賓語從句中,

當從句表示現(xiàn)在或將來的時間時,謂語動詞要用一般過去時;表示過去時間時,謂語動詞要用過去完成時。

Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.Iwouldratherwehadn’tboughttheflathere.注意：如果后面只有動詞而沒有名詞，需要用動詞原形Iwouldratherdoitnowthandoittomorrow

（三）、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中

主句的主語常是表示說話人愿望(desire)、建議(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名詞，表語從句和同位語從句的謂語動詞用(should)+do.Our

suggestion

isthatyou

(should)be

thereontime.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.①Thesuggestionthatthemayor_____theprizewasacceptedbyeveryone.(00.6)A)wouldpresentB)oughttopresentC)presentD)presents②Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee_____toinvestigatetheincident.(02.1)A)weresetupB)wassetupC)besetupD)setup（四）、虛擬語氣在在asif從句中Asif/though引導的方式狀語從句（或表語從句）中，若表示與事實相反或相差甚遠，用虛擬語氣?，F(xiàn)在情況用動詞過去式，過去情況用had+過去分詞,將來情況用would等+動詞原形Iloveherasifsheweremydaughter.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Helooksasifhecouldliveforanothercentury.

（五）、evenif/though引導的讓步狀語從句中用虛擬語氣時，動詞形式與條件從句相同。EvenifIwererich,Iwouldwork..Evenifhehadn’tcomeyesterday,wecouldhavefinishedtheworkonourown.Evenifhecametomorrow,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblemforyou.

三、虛擬語氣中的幾個特例1.ifonly意為：若是...那該多好啊;真希望=wish后面的賓語從句

IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.2.It’s(high/right)timethat…

that從句用虛擬語氣：過去時或should+doIt’stimethatyoulefthere.=It’stimethatyoushouldleavehere=It’stimeforyoutoleavehere①

“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou______thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.(99.1)A)realizedB)haverealizedC)realizeD)shouldrealize②

Itishightimethatsuchpractices__.(03.1)A)areendedB)beendedC)wereendedD)mustbeended③

It’stime___aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.(93.6月六級考題)A)somethingwasdoneB)everythingisdoneC)anythingwillbedoneD)nothingtobedone

ExercisesAlan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIknewyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetAD3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.