考研考博-英語(yǔ)-麗江師范高等專科學(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-麗江師范高等?？茖W(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem（）tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostile

B.tedious

C.fantastic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】hostile敵對(duì)的,充滿敵意的；tedious單調(diào)乏味的；fantastic極好的；courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)該是和下文提到的刺激,令人興奮和令人滿意相反意義的詞。所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarwasafour-yeararmed（1）betweennorthernandsouthernsectionsoftheUnitedStates.ThefightingbeganonApril12,1861,and（2）untilMay1865.

Foralongtime（3）theCivilWar,theNorthandSouthhad（4）eachotheronmanyissues.Mostpeopleinthe（5）wantedtoabolishslavery,oratleasttostopitsspreadtonewstates,（6）theslaveownersoftheSouthheldthat（7）shouldbeallowedeverywhere.

AnotherissuethatdividedtheNorthandSouthwasa（8）one.TheNorthbelievedinastrongcentralgovernment,（9）,thefederalgovernmentshouldhavemorepowerthanthestategovernments.Mostsoutherners,（10）,regardedthenationasaunionofseparateandmoreorless（11）states.Theyheldthatastatehadtherightto（12）or“secede”fromtheUnionwhenitfeltitsintereststobethreatened.

InNovember,1860,AbrahamLincolnwas（13）the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.SinceLincolnhadbecomewell-known（14）thecountryforhisanti-slaveryviews,hiselectioncausedapanicamongthe（15）intheSouth.Onemonthlater,SouthCarolinasecededfrom（16）.ByFebruary1,1861,sixotherstates—Mississippi.Florida,Alabama,Georgia,Louisiana,andTexas—hadtaken（17）steps.

PresidentLincolnknewthatifthese（18）stateswereallowedtoleavetheUnion,itwouldsoon（19）.Soshortlyafterhehadtakenoffice,itwasdecidedbyhiscabinetthattheUnionwastobepreserved（20）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.quarrel

C.battle

D.struggle

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.established

B.preserved

C.founded

D.lasted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.before

C.until

D.to

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.disagreedwith

B.agreedto

C.agreedwith

D.disagreedto

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.North

B.South

C.CivilWar

D.Country

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.so

C.and

D.while

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.freedom

B.slavery

C.plantation

D.revolution

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.political

B.economical

C.educational

D.artificial

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.sotosay

B.however

C.thatis

D.forexample

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.asaresult

B.however

C.yet

D.in

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.dependent

B.independent

C.complete

D.incomplete

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.succeed

B.erect

C.establish

D.withdraw

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.elected

B.selected

C.chosen

D.appointed

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.throughout

C.among

D.during

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.laborparty

B.factoryowners

C.slaveowners

D.presidents

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.theUnion

B.theNorth

C.theSouth

D.theState

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.alike

B.likely

C.similar

D.related

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.six

B.two

C.live

D.seven

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.gettogether

B.burstinto

C.breakout

D.breakup

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.byforce

B.bypersuading

C.bytalking

D.byeducation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突，矛盾”；B選項(xiàng)quarrel“吵架，爭(zhēng)論”；C選項(xiàng)battle“戰(zhàn)役，斗爭(zhēng)”；D選項(xiàng)struggle“斗爭(zhēng)，奮斗”。根據(jù)句意“美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是美國(guó)北部和南部地區(qū)之間長(zhǎng)達(dá)四年的武裝沖突?！边x項(xiàng)A最符合語(yǔ)境。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)establish“建立”；B選項(xiàng)preserve“保存”；C選項(xiàng)found“創(chuàng)立”；D選項(xiàng)last“持續(xù)”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說(shuō)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)從1861年4月12持續(xù)到了1865年5月，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.考查介詞辨析。原文是說(shuō)在美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)之前的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，南北雙方在很多問(wèn)題上就已經(jīng)存在分歧了。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文的描述可以推斷出雙方應(yīng)該是存在分歧，由此可首先排除選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)C；當(dāng)表示雙方意見不一致的時(shí)候用介詞with，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。本段主要是講南北之間的矛盾，下文提到了南方的奴隸主，那這里指的應(yīng)該是北方的大多數(shù)人想要取消奴隸制。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。前后形成對(duì)比并且是相反的情況，應(yīng)使用連詞while表轉(zhuǎn)折，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。上文提及北方大多數(shù)人想要取消奴隸制，然而南方的奴隸主們認(rèn)為奴隸制在任何地方都應(yīng)該被允許，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)political“政治的”；B選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”；C選項(xiàng)educational“教育的”；D選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的”。根據(jù)原文可知，分裂南北方屬于政治問(wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

9.考查連接詞。A選項(xiàng)sotosay“可以這么說(shuō)，打個(gè)比方說(shuō)”；B選項(xiàng)however“然而”；C選項(xiàng)thatis“也就是說(shuō)，換言之”；D選項(xiàng)forexample“例如”。根據(jù)句意“北方相信一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的中央政府，（），聯(lián)邦政府應(yīng)該比州政府擁有更多的權(quán)力?！本渥拥暮蟀氩糠质菍?duì)前半部分的進(jìn)一步解釋，所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

10.考查邏輯連接詞。上文提及北方相信一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的中央政府，而下文講到南方認(rèn)為這個(gè)國(guó)家是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的，或者或多或少獨(dú)立的州組成的聯(lián)盟，前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

11.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。這里是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)上一句“regardedthenationasaunionofseparate把國(guó)家看作是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的聯(lián)合體”可知，后半句表示或多或少獨(dú)立的州。所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)succeed“繼承，接替”；B選項(xiàng)erect“豎立，建造”；C選項(xiàng)establish“建立”；D選項(xiàng)withdraw“撤退，離開”。根據(jù)句意“他們認(rèn)為，當(dāng)一個(gè)州感到自己的利益受到威脅時(shí)，它有權(quán)退出或“脫離”聯(lián)邦?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文語(yǔ)境。

13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elect“選舉”；B選項(xiàng)select“選擇”；C選項(xiàng)choose“挑選”；D選項(xiàng)appoint“任命，委派”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說(shuō)林肯當(dāng)選為美國(guó)第16任總統(tǒng)，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意“林肯反奴隸制的觀點(diǎn)聞名于全國(guó)”，貫穿全國(guó)用介詞throughout，選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意“他（林肯）的當(dāng)選在南部引起了恐慌?！绷挚戏磳?duì)奴隸制，損害的是南方奴隸主的利益，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文語(yǔ)境。

16.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，這里指脫離的是聯(lián)邦政府，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。

17.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alike“相似的，相像的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)人長(zhǎng)得相像；B選項(xiàng)likely“可能的，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”；D選項(xiàng)related“有關(guān)聯(lián)的”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說(shuō)其他六個(gè)州也采取了類似的措施，選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

18.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。南卡羅來(lái)納州已經(jīng)脫離了聯(lián)邦政府，所以這里是說(shuō)“如果這六個(gè)州也被允許脫離聯(lián)邦政府的話”，選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

19.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)gettogether“聚集，積累”；B選項(xiàng)burstinto“闖入”；C選項(xiàng)breakout“爆發(fā)，突發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)breakup“解散，衰落”。根據(jù)句意“如果這六個(gè)州也被允許脫離聯(lián)邦政府的話，聯(lián)邦很快就會(huì)分裂。”選項(xiàng)D符合原文語(yǔ)境。

20.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)byforce“強(qiáng)迫地，靠武力”；B選項(xiàng)bypersuading“通過(guò)勸說(shuō)”；C選項(xiàng)bytalking“通過(guò)談判”；D選項(xiàng)byeducation“通過(guò)教育”。根據(jù)句意“因此，在他就職后不久，他的內(nèi)閣決定通過(guò)武力來(lái)維護(hù)聯(lián)邦?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you________exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeen

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開始，并將繼續(xù)完成的動(dòng)作；B一般將來(lái)時(shí)，將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事情；C過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去觀點(diǎn)看將來(lái)某時(shí)某動(dòng)作已完成；D過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。前面是由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，且是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主將從現(xiàn)的原則，所以答案選A。

4.單選題

Ronny'sstepsdiedaway,andtherewasamomentof（）silence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absent

B.abstract

C.absolute

D.acquire

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。absent心不在焉的;abstract抽象的;absolute絕對(duì)的,完全的;acquire為動(dòng)詞,獲得。填空處填入的形容詞是為了修飾silence的程度。句意：Ronny的腳步聲漸漸消失了,接著是一陣絕對(duì)的沉默。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.

Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,buthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.

Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlayunderthesurface.Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineerhadtoknowthedepthprofileoftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.

Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.

1.Thepassageimpliesthatthetelegraphcablewasbuiltmainly________.

2.Itwas________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

3.TheaimofvoyagesMauryencouragedinthe1840swas________.

4.“Defied”inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans________.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbusinessconsiderations

B.forinvestigatingthedepthsoftheoceans

C.foroceanographicstudies

D.formilitarypurposes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

B.thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

C.theAmericanNavy

D.someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.toestimatethelengthofcablethatwastobemade

B.tomeasurethedepthsoftwooceans

C.tomakesomesoundexperimentsintheoceans

D.tocollectsamplesofseaplantsandanimals

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“challenged”

B.“agreedto”

C.“doubted”

D.“gaveproofto”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theInvestigationofoceandepths

B.theearlyintercontinentalcommunications

C.thebeginningsofoceanography

D.thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Thefirsttimethatthequestion“Whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.（當(dāng)提出要鋪設(shè)一條從歐洲到美洲的海底電報(bào)電纜時(shí)，出于商業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī)，人們第一次不得不盡可能以商業(yè)結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向來(lái)回答“海底是什么？”的問(wèn)題。），可知鋪設(shè)電報(bào)電纜主要考慮的是商業(yè)上帶來(lái)的利益，根據(jù)利益來(lái)看是否要鋪設(shè)，A選項(xiàng)“出于商業(yè)考慮”正確，B選項(xiàng)“為了考查海洋的深度”和C選項(xiàng)“用于海洋學(xué)研究”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“出于軍事目的”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.（1853年，大西洋電報(bào)公司向美國(guó)海軍的莫里尋求有關(guān)此事的信息。），可知B選項(xiàng)“建議鋪設(shè)海底電纜的公司”正確。A選項(xiàng)“靠海洋為生的人”，C選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)海軍”和D選項(xiàng)“一些早期的洲際旅行者”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.（在19世紀(jì)40年代，莫里曾負(fù)責(zé)推動(dòng)進(jìn)行海上航行，以此來(lái)勘測(cè)北大西洋和太平洋的深度。），可知B選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量?jī)蓚€(gè)大洋的深度”正確。A選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)將要制作的電纜的長(zhǎng)度”，C選項(xiàng)“在海洋中做一些聲音實(shí)驗(yàn)”和D選項(xiàng)“收集海洋植物和動(dòng)物的樣本”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。defied的意思是“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句Attheearlyattempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.（早期鋪設(shè)光纜的嘗試以失敗告終，當(dāng)取出光纜來(lái)維修時(shí)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)上面覆蓋有生物，這_____了當(dāng)時(shí)科學(xué)界認(rèn)為深海沒有生命的理論。），可知之前認(rèn)為深海沒有生物，取出電纜后發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)深海里有生物，讓人們開始懷疑原有理論的真實(shí)性，A選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑（質(zhì)疑事情的真實(shí)性）”正確。B選項(xiàng)“同意”，C選項(xiàng)“不相信，不信任（不確定事情是否真實(shí)并且沒有證據(jù)）”和D選項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù)”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段對(duì)海洋學(xué)進(jìn)行定義，第二段介紹19世紀(jì)以前對(duì)海洋學(xué)的研究情況，第三、四、五段講海洋學(xué)的由來(lái)，第六段講19世紀(jì)末人們?cè)诤Ｑ髮W(xué)的初步研究成果，C選項(xiàng)“海洋學(xué)的起源”正確。A選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查海洋深度”，B選項(xiàng)“早期的洲際通訊”和D選項(xiàng)“鋪設(shè)第一條海底電纜”不足以概括全文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thewordhospiceishundredsofyearsold.ItcomestousfromthetimecalledtheMiddleAgesinEurope.Religiousgroupsthenprovidedhospiceasaplacewheretravelerscouldstay.Sometimesthegroupsalsoofferedaplaceforthesickandthedying.Todaythewordhospicemeansmorethanaplace.Itmeansawayofcaringforthedying.Inthemodemsenseoftheword,itmeansthat,ifpossible,dyingpeoplecanreceivecareathomeduringtheirlastdays；andthehealth-careworkersdonottrytolengthenthelivesofthedyingwithmodemmedicalequipment.Instead,care-giversmakeeveryefforttocontrolorstopthepatient’spain.Italsomeansthatpatientsgethelpfortheiremotionalneedsinadditiontotheirphysicalneeds.

ABritishwomanCicelySaunderswasthefirstmajoractivistforhospicecareinmodemtimes.CicelySaundersworkedasanurseinahospitalrightafterWorldWarII,whereshemetamanwhowasdyingofcancer.Togethertheyfoundideasaboutthebestpossibletreatmentforpeoplewhowouldnevergetwellagain.Theytalkedabouttreatmentsthatwouldpermitpatientstodiscusstheirfeelingsandtotakepartinactivitiesmeaningfultothem.Theyplannedasystemthatwouldallowdyingpeopletobesurroundedbythepeopleandthingstheylovedmost.ThedyingmangaveCicelySaundersenoughmoneytostudytobecomeadoctor.By1967Dr.SaundershadorganizedandopenedSt.Christopher’sHospiceinLondon.

In1974,aftertheAmerica’sfirsthospicestartedinNewHaven,othersfollowedsuitincitiesthroughoutthecountry.Organizershadadifficultjob.Theyhadtoteachthepublicabouttheideaofhospice.Theyhadtogetmoneyfromcompanies,religiousgroupsandcitizens.Andtheyhadtonegotiatewithlocalgovernmentstousepublicmoneytocareforthedying.Thankstotheirunyieldingdeterminationandpainstakingefforts,hospicehasgrowninAmerica.Dr.JoMagno,thePresidentoftheNationalHospiceOrganization,saidthatworkingwiththedyingoccasionallymadehersad.YetsheremembersthewordsofDr.CicelySaunders一“Wecannotadddaystolife,butwecanaddlifetodays.”

1.Whatistheoriginalmeaningtheword“hospice”？

2.Inthemodernsenseoftheword,hospiceincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT

3.WhatdidCicelyandthemantalkabout?

4.HowdidCicelySaunderscompleteherstudy?

5.WhichisacorrectstatementabouttheearlyAmericanhospice?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasaplacewherethehomelessoldpeopleweretakencareof.

B.Itwasaplacewherereligiouspeoplelived.

C.Itwasaplaceofferedbychurchesforthetravelers.

D.Itwasaplacewheredoctorstreatedpatients.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.apriestisinvitedtoprayforthedying.

B.adyingpatientistakencareofathishome.

C.effortsaremadetoreducethepainofthedyingpeople.

D.thepsychologicalneedsofthedyingareconsideredandcaredfor.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howtoadvisethehospitaltotreatthedyingpatients.

B.Howtomakearrangementforthepatientswhohadnohopeofrecovery.

C.Themeaningfulactivitiesforallpatientstotakepartin.

D.Thekindofpeoplethatareallowedtovisitthepatients.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Byworkingpart-time.

B.Beobtainingafellowship.

C.Withthehelpofaman’smoney.

D.ThroughhermanagementofSt.Christopher’sHospice.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasanimmediatesuccessasaresultoftheeffortbyDr.Cicely.

B.Itwasprobablynoteasytopersuadecompaniestoprovidefinancialsupport.

C.Manypeoplereadilyacceptedthenewidea.

D.Localgovernmentsforbadewhattheydid.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“providedhospiceasaplacewheretravelerscouldstay”，hospice是提供給旅客們休息的一個(gè)地方，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，病人會(huì)在垂死之前在家里受到照顧、減輕痛苦以及被給予心理和生理上的安慰，只有選項(xiàng)A并未提及，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theytalkedabouttreatmentsthatwouldpermitpatientstodiscusstheirfeelingsandtotakepartinactivitiesmeaningfultothem.”他們討論了為那些將死的癌癥病人治療的最好的方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“ThedyingmangaveCicelySaundersenoughmoneytostudytobecomeadoctor.”是病人給她捐錢讓她學(xué)習(xí)，成為一名醫(yī)生。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文意，美國(guó)臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院是一件困難的事“hadadifficultjob”，所以排除A。根據(jù)文章“theyhadtonegotiatewiththelocalgovernmenttousepublicmoneytocareforthedying”，他們協(xié)商利用當(dāng)?shù)卣峁┑墓顏?lái)照顧這些垂死的病人，所以政府并沒有直接禁止臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院，排除選項(xiàng)D，文章最后一段中提到“Theyhadtoteachthepublicabouttheideaofhospice”，他們需要向公眾傳授臨終關(guān)懷這種理念，所以排除C選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Theteachertoldthestudentstostayintheclassroomandtheydid（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutely

B.accidentally

C.accordingly

D.accurately

【答案】C

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。absolutely“絕對(duì)地”；accidentally“意外地”；accordingly“相應(yīng)地；照著”；accurately“精確地”。句意：老師告訴學(xué)生待在教室里，他們照著做了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Theintelligencedepartmentwasaccused,offailureto（）thetroopstothepossibilityofanenemyattackduringtheweekend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instruct

B.warn

C.dictate

D.alert

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instruct“指導(dǎo)，通知”；B選項(xiàng)warn“警告（偏向于告誡）”；C選項(xiàng)dictate“命令，口述”；D選項(xiàng)alert“使警覺，警告（更加正式）”。句意：情報(bào)部門被指控未能在周末向部隊(duì)（）敵人可能發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊的情況。本句的句意是要表達(dá)“情報(bào)部門沒有及時(shí)通報(bào)讓部隊(duì)警覺”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Doctorsusuallytrytothegravityofillnessifapatientisfoundtohavecancer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.specialize

B.illuminate

C.elevate

D.minimize

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)specializev.專門從事，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明；B選項(xiàng)illuminatev.闡明，說(shuō)明；C選項(xiàng)elevatev.提升，舉起，振奮；D選項(xiàng)minimizev.最小化，使減到最小。根據(jù)句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌癥，醫(yī)生總是盡量把病情說(shuō)得輕一些。因此，正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude，theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于“獨(dú)處”的早期研究受到何種批評(píng)？錄音說(shuō)，早期的研究存在幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，其中包括把情緒簡(jiǎn)單地分為積極的和消極的（categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative），D選項(xiàng)中的classified是對(duì)錄音原文中categorized的同義替換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒是個(gè)人的和主觀的事實(shí)”和B項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒可以被控制的可能性”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“它獨(dú)立測(cè)量積極情緒和消極情緒”主要利用measured和independently設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是，早期調(diào)查在從積極到消極的范圍內(nèi)衡量情緒，忽略了積極和消極情緒可以獨(dú)立波動(dòng)的可能性。選項(xiàng)與之表述不相符，因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)我們可以知道哪些關(guān)于新研究的結(jié)果？錄音提到，新研究是為了確定獨(dú)處對(duì)高喚起度情緒的影響，而參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的人經(jīng)過(guò)15分鐘的獨(dú)處后，他們的積極與消極兩方面的高喚起度情緒都有所減緩（reductionsinbothtypesofemotion），B選項(xiàng)中的reductive與錄音原文中的reductions是同根詞，都表示“減少，減緩”的意思，因此B選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處對(duì)高喚起度情緒有減緩作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人無(wú)所事事地坐著似乎很苦惱”和C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)自坐15分鐘使參與者焦躁不安”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處會(huì)對(duì)參與者的心理健康產(chǎn)生不利影響”，主要錯(cuò)在缺乏對(duì)獨(dú)處的修飾詞，錄音中說(shuō)的是長(zhǎng)期的孤獨(dú)與負(fù)面的生理和心理影響相關(guān)，而短暫的獨(dú)處不會(huì)，因此D選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，表述不正確。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)新研究的第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有何發(fā)現(xiàn)？第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量了獨(dú)處對(duì)低喚起度情緒的影響，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)所有這些情緒都會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而增加。D選項(xiàng)“它有助于增強(qiáng)低喚起度情緒”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它往往會(huì)使負(fù)面情緒加劇”，這些情緒包括積極和消極的情緒，如平靜、放松、悲傷或孤獨(dú)。因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明很難客觀描述它”，錄音提到，獨(dú)處改變內(nèi)在感受的強(qiáng)度，對(duì)強(qiáng)烈感覺有安撫作用，這正是描述了獨(dú)處產(chǎn)生的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)也不正確；C選項(xiàng)“它與悲傷密切相關(guān)”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

11.單選題

Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fastens

B.deters

C.encourages

D.fixes

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。fasten“使固定”；deter“阻止”；encourage“鼓勵(lì)”；fix“修理”。句意：冰能夠阻止腫脹和發(fā)炎。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

ThemanI’mseekingtofillthispositionmustbe______sincehewillberepresentingusbeforethepublic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.personable

B.pedant

C.hypocritical

D.snobbish

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)personable表示“品貌兼優(yōu)的，英俊瀟灑的”，B項(xiàng)pedant表示“學(xué)究，書呆子，賣弄學(xué)問(wèn)的人”，C項(xiàng)hypocritical表示“虛偽的，偽善的”，D項(xiàng)snobbish表示“勢(shì)利的”。根據(jù)hewillberepresentingusbeforethepublic（他將在公眾面前代表我們）可知，“品貌兼優(yōu)的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我要找來(lái)填補(bǔ)這個(gè)職位的人必須是品貌兼優(yōu)的，因?yàn)樗麑⒃诠娒媲按砦覀?。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

（）shewaslivinginLondonthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.Duringthetimewhen

C.Soonafter

D.Itwaswhile

【答案】D

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that….故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：她住在倫敦的時(shí)候遇見了她的丈夫Terry.

14.單選題

Intheirworldofdarkness,itwouldseemlikelythatsomeoftheanimalsmighthavebecomeblind,ashashappenedtosomecavefauna.So,indeed,manyofthemhave,compensatingforthelackofeyeswithmarvelouslydevelopedfeelersandlong,slenderfinsandprocesseswithwhichtheygropetheirway,likesomanyblindmenwithcanes,theirwholeknowledgeoffriends,enemies,orfoodcomingtothemthroughthesenseoftouch.

Thelasttracesofplantlifeareleftbehindinthethinupperlayerofwaterfornoplantcanlivebelowabout600feeteveninveryclearwater,andfewfindenoughsunlightfortheirfood-manufacturingactivitiesbelow200feet.Sincenoanimalcanmakeitsownfood,thecreaturesofthedeeperwatersliveastrange,almostparasiticexistenceofutterdependenceontheupperlayers.Thesehungrycarnivorespreyfiercelyandrelentlesslyuponeachother,yetthewholecommunityisultimatelydependentupontheslowrainofdescendingfoodparticlesfromabove.Thecomponentsofthisnever-endingrainarethedeadanddyingplantsandanimalsfromthesurface,orfromoneoftheintermediatelayers.Foreachofthehorizontalzonesorcommunitiesoftheseathatliebetweenthesurfaceandtheseabottom,thefoodsupplyisdifferentandingeneralpoorerthanforthelayerabovehavebeenrecordedforcomparisonwithsoundsheardatsea,andinmanycasessatisfactoryidentificationcanbemade.

DuringtheSecondWorldWarthehydrophonene