考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

______energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,inanearthquake.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Accumulated

B.Assembled

C.Gathered

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Accumulated積累；積聚B.Assembled聚集；集合

C.Gathered集合；歸攏（分散的東西）D.Collected收集；采集

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞mustbereleased（必須被釋放）可推知，能量積累到一定程度的時(shí)候必須釋放出來(lái)，所以______energy是指“積累的能量”，accumulate指任何事物量的增加，側(cè)重于連續(xù)不斷地、一點(diǎn)一滴地聚積，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)指把人或事物聚集在一起；

C項(xiàng)側(cè)重于圍繞一個(gè)中心的集合、聚集；

D項(xiàng)側(cè)重于指有區(qū)別地作選擇或有安排有計(jì)劃地把零散物集中起來(lái)；

以上三項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】地下積累的能量必須以一種或另一種形式釋放出來(lái)，例如地震。

2.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地資源支撐著全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展，它們還是我們與窮困、食品不安全和氣候變化作斗爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵元素。與其他自然資源復(fù)雜地交織在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全鏈條中（nexus）不可分割的組成部分。由于風(fēng)沙和水的侵蝕，世界每年失去約240億噸肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的惡化（degradation）不僅是一個(gè)物理或生物化學(xué)問(wèn)題，而且常常與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)各方面相聯(lián)系。貧窮和被邊緣化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地惡化的影響，因?yàn)橥ǔＪ撬麄儞碛羞@些惡化的土地。

（42）為了使貧困的小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)耕種社區(qū)達(dá)到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）極端貧困，我們需要處理與土地惡化相關(guān)的一系列復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。土壤和土地惡化既是技術(shù)問(wèn)題，也是管理（governance）問(wèn)題。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

3.翻譯題

1.上周四，世界觀察研究學(xué)會(huì)一年一度的“地球健康體檢”報(bào)告出爐。2005年，地球的森林砍伐量創(chuàng)歷史新高，這是該報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)的眾多環(huán)境問(wèn)題征兆之一。

該駐華盛頓智囊機(jī)構(gòu)在一份題為《地球生命征兆2007-2008》的報(bào)告中指出，從肉類消費(fèi)量的不斷增長(zhǎng)到亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等各種全球性態(tài)勢(shì)與氣候變化這一顯著問(wèn)題都有關(guān)系。

“地球聲明征兆2007-2008”項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō)，“我認(rèn)為氣候變化是人類有史以來(lái)所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)”。

在報(bào)告公布前，阿薩多利安在接受記者的電話采訪時(shí)說(shuō)，2.“我們可以看到氣候變化中出現(xiàn)的眾多趨勢(shì)，比如，糧食生產(chǎn)受到洪澇災(zāi)害的影響；以及肉類生產(chǎn)，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，家禽飼養(yǎng)過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體占溫室氣體總排放量的20%”。

阿薩多利安說(shuō)，3.這份報(bào)告的主題是，二氧化碳排放及其他生態(tài)災(zāi)難引起氣候變化，“不可持續(xù)”的消費(fèi)模式才是氣候變化的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

【答案】1.Morewoodwasremovedfromforestsin2005thaneverbefore,oneofmanytroublingenvironmentalsignshighlightedonThursdayintheWorldWatchInstitute’sannualcheckoftheplanet’shealth.

2.“Youseemanytrendsinclimatechange,whetherwearetalkingaboutgrainproductionwhichisaffectedbydroughtsandflooding,ormeatproductionaslivestockproductionmakesupabout20percentofgreenhousegasemissions.”

3.Thekeymessageofthereportwasthatunsustainableconsumptionpatternswereresponsibleforclimatechangelinkedtocarbonemissionsandotherecologicalwoes.

4.單選題

Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.

It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.Fromarelationshipperspective,thatcanbeagoodandbadthing.Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink,butwhere’stheintimacyinthatwhenthosefeelingsarealsobeingbroadcasttohundredsofFacebookfriendsandthousandsofTwitterfollowers.

RecentdatafromPewResearchCentersuggeststhatsocialmediaismakingitswayintorelationshipmorethanever,with74%ofcouplessurveyedsayingtheInternethasimpactedtheirrelationshipinagoodway.Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia,with71%ofwomenparticipatingcomparedwith62%ofmen,accordingtothelatestreportfromWomen’sMediaCenter.However,whatpsychologistsandresearchersfindespeciallyinterestingisthat,whilewomenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface,menaremuchlesslikelytodothesame.

EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.However,“whilesociallyapprehensivefemalesshareequallyacross”.

OtherresearchfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatmenareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.

56.Fromthewordsused,itcanbeknownthatthetoneofthefirstparagraph______.

57.Whydoesamanprefertoexpressonlineratherthaninpersonaccordingtothepassage?

58.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutwomenisNOTtrue?

59.Accordingtothepassage,menandwomenremaintheirsocialmediaaccountforthefollowingreasonexcept______.

60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutmen’susingsocialmedia?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.ironic

C.ridicule

D.enthusiastic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Socialmediaisthoughttobemorepowerful.

B.Socialmediaisbelievedtobesafeandpeaceful.

C.Helikeshisopiniontobeexposedtomoreaudience.

D.Heisusuallyshyinfrontofanindividualwhiletalking.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theygotnegativelyimpactedbysocialmedia.

B.Theyusesocialmediamoreoftenthanmendo.

C.Theyknowtheirspousesmuchbetterfromsocialmedia.

D.Theyarewillingtousebothsocialmediaandfacetofacetalk.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingcomplaints

B.gettingsupports

C.makingfriends

D.experiencingsocialanxiety

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Menseldomsharetheiremotionallifeonit.

B.Mentrytogetsupporttohisworkonline.

C.Menarecreativeinwriting,artandthinking.

D.Mentendtomaketheircreativeworkknown.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從用詞可以判斷第一段的語(yǔ)氣是如何的？”。第一段指出Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.（如果你是一個(gè)喜歡社交媒體的女人，你可能會(huì)想到這樣一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：你們一起坐在沙發(fā)上默默地看電視。當(dāng)你花點(diǎn)時(shí)間瀏覽你的推特時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的另一半一直在推特上分享關(guān)于《紙牌屋》的一系列個(gè)人想法——盡管他還沒(méi)有對(duì)你說(shuō)過(guò)一個(gè)字）；文中用了一個(gè)貶義詞“butterfly（追求享樂(lè)的人）”，可以推斷這段語(yǔ)氣是嘲諷，所以C項(xiàng)“譏諷、嘲笑”符合。A項(xiàng)“批判的”不符合題意；B項(xiàng)“諷刺的、反話的”，是指用反話諷刺，文中沒(méi)有用反話所以不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“熱情的”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“為什么男士更喜歡在網(wǎng)上表達(dá)而不是當(dāng)面表達(dá)？”。第二段提到It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.（男性對(duì)自己的想法和感受往往比女性守口如瓶，這并不奇怪，但社交媒體為一些男性創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)避風(fēng)港，他們可以用自己在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中從未有過(guò)的方式在網(wǎng)上表達(dá)自己），可以推斷，男性認(rèn)為社交媒體是安全的。A項(xiàng)“男性認(rèn)為社交媒體是有力量的”沒(méi)有提到；C項(xiàng)“男性喜歡把想法講給觀眾聽(tīng)”，文中只是說(shuō)社交媒體為男性提供了避風(fēng)港；D項(xiàng)“在一個(gè)人面前說(shuō)話會(huì)害羞”，這里只是說(shuō)了男性與女性相比，男性不愛(ài)表達(dá)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性的說(shuō)法是不正確的？”。第三段第三行提到Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia（女性比男性更有可能使用社交媒體），證明B項(xiàng)“她們使用社交媒體比男性更頻繁”正確；第二段最后一句Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink（現(xiàn)在，女性可以通過(guò)社交媒體來(lái)更深入地了解伴侶的想法）可知，C項(xiàng)“通過(guò)社交媒體，她們會(huì)更加了解自己的伴侶”正確；第三段倒數(shù)第二行womenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface（女性也同樣愿意與某人面對(duì)面地分享她們?cè)跀?shù)字世界中迸發(fā)的想法）可知，D項(xiàng)“她們既樂(lè)意在社交媒體也愿意面對(duì)面交流”正確；而A項(xiàng)“她們受到社交媒體的負(fù)面影響”文章沒(méi)有提及，只在第四段第二行提到thereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupports（因此，男性和女性更需要表達(dá)自己的負(fù)面情緒并尋求支持）。因此，該題選A。

59.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“男性和女性保持使用社交媒體的理由是以下除了……選項(xiàng)？”。從第四段EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.（邁阿密大學(xué)博士生EvaBuechel研究為什么人們?cè)诰€分享內(nèi)容，他發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性經(jīng)歷社會(huì)焦慮，也因此更需要表達(dá)自己的負(fù)面情緒，尋求支持，同樣有可能保持一個(gè)博客或社交媒體賬戶）可以看出，A項(xiàng)“抱怨”、B項(xiàng)“得到支持”、D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷社會(huì)焦慮”均提到，唯獨(dú)C項(xiàng)“交朋友”沒(méi)有提及。所以該題選C。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“關(guān)于男性使用社交媒體，從最后一段可以推斷出……？”。最后一段講到menareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.（男性越來(lái)越愿意在網(wǎng)上分享他們的創(chuàng)造性工作，如寫(xiě)作、音樂(lè)或藝術(shù)；在2008年的一項(xiàng)研究中，近三分之二的男性表示他們會(huì)在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布自己的工作，相比之下，只有一半的女性會(huì)在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布工作）；可以推斷男性更愿意分享自己的工作，A項(xiàng)“男性從來(lái)不分享他們的感情生活”沒(méi)有提到；B項(xiàng)“男性希望在網(wǎng)上得到工作上的支持”也沒(méi)有提到；C項(xiàng)“男性在寫(xiě)作、藝術(shù)和思考方面更有創(chuàng)造性”文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)到，只是說(shuō)他們?cè)敢夥窒?。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Shehesitatedfora（）ofasecondbeforeacceptinghischallengetoagameoftennis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fiction

B.function

C.friction

D.fraction

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。fiction小說(shuō);function功能;friction摩擦;fraction部分。afractionof意為"一小部分,零點(diǎn)幾",為固定搭配。句意：在接受他的網(wǎng)球挑戰(zhàn)之前,她猶豫了片刻。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.單選題

We’dbetter（）ourwatchesifweallwanttobethereatthesametime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmonize

B.synchronize

C.symbolize

D.systematize

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果我們都想在同樣的吋間到達(dá)那里，那么我們最好讓我們手表的時(shí)間一致。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。harmonize使和諧，以和聲唱；synchronize（使）同步，在吋間上一致，同速進(jìn)行；symbolize象征，用符號(hào)表現(xiàn)；systematize使系統(tǒng)化，使組織化。故選B。

7.單選題

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他們的志向是什么，幾乎在所有事情上都會(huì)做得更好?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)時(shí)間點(diǎn)“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越來(lái)越多的研究表明，我們對(duì)相貌平平的偏見(jiàn)比以往任何時(shí)候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力決定一切?！边x項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)C相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B和D來(lái)說(shuō)更加準(zhǔn)確，因此本題選C。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新聞周刊》調(diào)查了202名企業(yè)人事部經(jīng)理，從人力資源的員工到高級(jí)副總裁，以及964名公眾，只是為了確認(rèn)不合格員工想要承認(rèn)的事情：從招聘到辦公室爭(zhēng)斗再到晉升，實(shí)際上，看上去不錯(cuò)不再是我們認(rèn)為無(wú)價(jià)值的或者無(wú)用的而不予考慮?！边x項(xiàng)A和B在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D明顯錯(cuò)誤；所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的職業(yè)女性已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了“平等”：她們?cè)趧趧?dòng)力中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)；她們是家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱；她們因?yàn)椴坏貌活嵏残詣e而畏畏縮縮，不管是在會(huì)議室還是在海灘上。”也就是說(shuō)，她們是不愿意顛覆自己的性別的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她們被認(rèn)為太女性化、不夠聰明、不夠能干——不僅是男性，她們的女性同齡人也這么認(rèn)為?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

8.單選題

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfant,bornintoaworldofflashing,hissing,movingimages,soonlearnstoadaptbyresolvingthischaosintotoysandtables,dogsandparents.Evenadultswhohavehadtheirvisionorhearingrestoredthroughsurgerydescribetheworldasafrighteningandsometimesunbearableexperience;onlyafterdaysofeffortaretheyabletotransformblurandnoiseintomeaningfulandthereforemanageableexperiences.

Itiscommonplacetotalkasiftheworld"has"meaning,toaskwhat"is"themeaningofaphrase,agesture,apainting,acontract.Yetwhenthoughtabout,itisclearthateventsaredevoidofmeaninguntilsomeoneassignsittothem.Thereisnoappropriateresponsetoaboworahandshake,ashoutorawhisper,untilitisinterpreted.Adropofwaterandthecolorredhavenomeaning,theysimplyexist.Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.

Peopleareneverpassivereceivers,merelyabsorbingeventsofobvioussignificance,butareactiveinassigningmeaningtosensation.Whatanyeventacquiredinthewayofmeaningappearstoreflectatransactionbetweenwhatistheretobeseenorheard,andwhattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.

Thediversityofreactionsthatcanbetriggeredbyasingleexperience-meetingastranger,negotiatingacontract,attendingatextileconferenceisimmense.Eachobserverisforcedtoseeitthroughhisowneyes,interpretitinthelightofhisownvalues,fitittotherequirementsofhisowncircumstances.Asaconsequence,everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.EachwillacceptsonicrelationsamongthefactsanddenyothersEachwillarriveatsomeconclusion,tentativeorcertain,asthesoundsandformsresolveintoa"temple"or"barn",a"compliment"or"insult".

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Inordertoassignmeaningtoanythingintheworld,oneneedsto

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticleisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theworldisbewilderingtotheinfantandtotheadultalike.

B.surgerywillrestoreameaningfulworldtothosewhoundertakeit

C.anyresponsetotheworldwouldbeimpossibleifmeaningwerenotfirstassignedtoit

D.theworldwillbedevoidofmeaningifpeoplefailtounderstandthespecialincomingsignals

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveafullknowledgeofthestructureoftheworld

B.transformtheincomingsignals,withthehelpofpreviousexperiences,sothattheycanserveone'sownpurpose

C.differentiateincomingsignalsthatareofsignificanceandthosethatarenot

D.beendowedwithcreativeness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyvisualimagescanbeassignedmeaning

B.Incomingsignalsexistforthepurposeofconveyingmeaningtopeople

C.Anindividualmighthavetoadapthimselftothediversifiedexperienceinthisworld

D.Peoplemayhavedifferentresponsestothesameincomingsignal.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratethedifferentperspectivespeoplemaytakeininterpretinganexperience

B.showthatmeaningisbutasubjectivematter

C.demonstratehowwecanassignmeaningtotheworld

D.arguethatoneneedstohavesomeinsighttounderstandtheworld

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Theaimofhumanperceptionistomaketheworldintelligiblesothatitcanbemanagedsuccessfully;theattributionofmeaningisaprerequisitetoandpreparationforaction.人類感知的目的是使世界變得可理解，以便成功地管理世界;意義的歸屬是行動(dòng)的前提和準(zhǔn)備?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“如果世界沒(méi)有提前被賦予具體意義，那么對(duì)于世界的任何反應(yīng)都是不可能的”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段可知“whattheinterpreterbringstoitinthewayofpastexperienceandprevailingmotive.Thustheattributionofmeaningisalwaysacreativeprocessbywhichtherawdataofsensationaretransformedtofittheaimsoftheobserver.這是解釋者根據(jù)過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普遍的動(dòng)機(jī)而得出的結(jié)論。因此，意義的歸屬始終是一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的過(guò)程，通過(guò)這個(gè)過(guò)程，原始的感覺(jué)被轉(zhuǎn)化為符合觀察者的目標(biāo)?！贝鸢窧

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.每個(gè)觀察者從不同的角度來(lái)看待每一個(gè)對(duì)象和信息。每個(gè)人都會(huì)注意到一些特征而忽略其他的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確，答案D

第4題:主旨大意題。文章第一段就提到，世界必須被賦予具體的意義。以及第四段“everyobjectandmessageisseenbyeveryobserverfromasomewhatdifferentperspective.Eachpersonwillnotesomefeaturesandneglectothers.人們看待事物的視角和觀點(diǎn)不同，那么賦予事物的含義也會(huì)不同?！笨芍恼伦髡叩膶?xiě)作目的是表明事物的含義都是人賦予的，是主觀的東西。答案B

9.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30million

participantsofallages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂(lè)”；symposium“座談會(huì)’；penalty“懲罰”。句意：在過(guò)去的三十年里，跑步對(duì)于3000萬(wàn)名各個(gè)年齡層的參與者來(lái)說(shuō)成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganized,peopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments.“Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate,hesays.“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways“bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturecontexts,”writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisagoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled“JapaneseSchoolgirlWatch”，servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry’smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan’sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan’smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ifyoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:damedesu?—it’snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalking

onamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreason?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat________.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause_______。

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpo