考研考博-英語-上海杉達學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海杉達學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ozoneisabluishgasthatisharmfultobreathe.Nearly90%oftheEarth’sozoneisinthestratosphereandisreferredtoastheozonelayer.OzoneabsorbsabandofultravioletradiationcalledUVBthatisparticularlyharmfultolivingorganisms.Stratosphericozoneisconstantlybeingcreatedanddestroyedthroughnaturalcycles.Variousozonedepletingsubstanceshowever,acceleratethedestructionprocesses,resultinginlowerthannormalozonelevels.ReductionsinozonelevelswillleadtohigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface.Thesun’soutputofUVBdoesnotchange;rather,lessozonemeanslessprotection,andhencemoreUVBreachestheEarth.StudieshaveshownthatintheAntarctic,theamountofUVBmeasuredatthesurfacecandoubleduringtheannualozonehole.LaboratoryandepidemiologicalstudiesdemonstratethatUVBcausesnonmelanomaskincancerandplaysamajorroleinmalignantmelanomadevelopment.Inaddition,UVBhasbeenlinkedtocataracts.

DramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarcticawasfirstnoticedinthe1970sbyaresearchgroupfromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)whoweremonitoringtheatmosphereaboveAntarcticafromaresearchstation.Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.Replacementinstrumentswerebuiltandflownoutanditwasn’tuntiltheyconfirmedtheearliermeasurements,severalmonthslater,thattheozonedepletionobservedwasacceptedasgenuine.AnotherstorygoesthattheBASsatellitedatadidn’tshowthedramaticlossofozonebecausethesoftwareprocessingtherawozonedatafromthesatellitewasprogrammedtotreatverylowvaluesofozoneasbadreadings.LateranalysisoftherawdatawhentheresultsfromtheBritishAntarcticSurveyteamwerepublished,confirmedtheirresultsandshowedthatthelosswasrapidandlarge-scale;overmostoftheAntarcticacontinent.

Ozoneoccursnaturallyintheatmosphere.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedofseverallayers.WeliveintheTroposphere,groundleveluptoabout10kmhigh,wheremostoftheweatheroccurssuch/asrain,snowandclouds.AbovethatistheStratosphere,animportantregioninwhicheffectssuchastheOzoneHoleandGlobalWarmingoriginate.ThelayernexttospaceistheExosphereandthengoinginwardstherearetheThermosphereandtheMesosphere.Supersonicpassengerjetsflyjustabovethetropospherewhereassubsoniccommercialairlinersareusuallywellinthetroposphere.ThenarrowregionbetweenthesetwopartsoftheatmosphereiscalledtheTropopause.Ozoneformsalayerinthestratosphere,thinnestinthetropicsanddensertowardsthepoles.Theamountofozoneaboveapointontheearth’ssurfaceismeasuredinDobsonunits(DU)—typically~260DUnearthetropicsandhigherelsewhere,thoughtherearelargeseasonalfluctuations.Itiscreatedwhenultravioletradiationintheformofsunlightstrikesthestratosphere,splittingoxygenmoleculestoatomicoxygen.Theatomicoxygenquicklycombineswithfurtheroxygenmoleculestoformozone.

TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.Whilstthereisaconnectionbecauseozonecontributestothegreenhouseeffect,theOzoneHoleisaseparateissue.OverAntarctica(andrecentlyovertheArctic),stratosphericozonehasbeendepletedoverthelast15yearsatcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisismainlyduetothereleaseofman-madechemicalscontainingchlorinesuchasCFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons),butalsocompoundscontainingbromine,otherrelatedhalogencompoundsandalsonitrogenoxides.CFCsareacommonindustrialproduct,usedinrefrigerationsystems,airconditioners,aerosols,solventsandintheproductionofsometypesofpackaging.Nitrogenoxidesareaby-productofcombustionprocesses,forexampleaircraftemissions.

TheozonedepleteonprocessbeginswhenCFCsandotherozonedepletingsubstancesareemittedintotheatmospherewherewindsefficientlymixandevenlydistributethegases.CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.Itisestimatedthatonechlorineatomcandestroyover100,000ozonemoleculesbeforeitisremovedfromthestratosphere.

ThefirstglobalagreementtorestrictCFCscamewiththesigningoftheMontrealProtocolin1987ultimatelyaimingtoreducethembyhalfbytheyear2000.Tworevisionsofthisagreementhavebeenmadeinthelightofadvancesinscientificunderstanding,thelatestbeingin1992.Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.ThemainCFCswillnotbeproducedbyanyofthesignatoriesaftertheendof1995,exceptforalimitedamountforessentialuses,suchasformedicalsprays.ThecountriesoftheEuropeanCommunityhaveadoptedevenstrictermeasures.RecognizingtheirresponsibilitytotheglobalenvironmenttheyhaveagreedtohaltproductionofthemainCFCsfromthebeginningof1995.Itwasanticipatedthattheselimitationswouldleadtoarecoveryoftheozonelayerwithin50yearsof2000.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationestimated2045butrecentinvestigationssuggesttheproblemisperhapsonamuchlargerscalethananticipated.

1.ItisacommonmistaketoassociatetheOzoneHoleproblemwith（）.

2.Commonhouseholdappliancescontributeto（）.

3.Internationalagreementswilleventuallyleadto（）.

4.AnapocryphalBASstorycitesthatequipmentwaschangedtomeasure（）.

5.TheOzonelayerisdestroyedbyaby-productofCFCsreactingwith（）.

問題1選項

A.theissueoftheheatingupoftheearth’satmosphere

B.themeasurementofCFCsinDobsonunits

C.thedramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarctica

D.thehigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface

問題2選項

A.globalwarming

B.thereleaseofaerosolsandsolvents

C.thestabilizationofCFCsintheair

D.thedischargeofsyntheticchemicalsintotheatmosphere

問題3選項

A.recentinvestigationsintothestrengthofDobsonUnits

B.thecessationofthereleaseofmostCFCgasesintotheatmosphere

C.thescientificunderstandingintheinternationalcommunity

D.thereductionofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbons

問題4選項

A.thelocationofthelayerrelativetotheearth

B.thesatelliteorbitingtheearth

C.therawdataofthedramaticlossofozone

D.theapparentlyanomalousreadingstakenearlier

問題5選項

A.thenormalcomponentsoftheearth’satmosphere

B.chlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide

C.aircraftemissions

D.atomicoxygen

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段的第一句話“TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.（大眾媒體把臭氧空洞和全球變暖問題搞混了。）”。A選項“地球大氣層升溫的問題”正確；B選項“以多布森單位測量氯氟烴”；C選項“南極洲上空平流層低層臭氧的顯著損失”；D選項“到達地球表面的較高水平的中波”不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段，第四段說到臭氧會導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)，臭氧層的破壞與人類釋放含氯的人造化學(xué)品，以及含有溴的化合物、其他相關(guān)鹵素化合物和氮氧化物有關(guān)，這些化合物通常存在于家用電器中，從而導(dǎo)致全球變暖，由此可知家用電器可能與全球變暖有關(guān)聯(lián)。A選項“全球變暖”正確；B選項“氣溶膠和溶劑的釋放”；C選項“氯氟烴在空氣中的穩(wěn)定性”；D選項“合成化學(xué)物質(zhì)排放到大氣中”都不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段第三句話“Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.（已就到2030年控制許多鹵化碳的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)達成協(xié)議。）”，由此可知國際協(xié)議最終將導(dǎo)致鹵化碳的減少。A選項“最近對多布森單位力量的調(diào)查”；B選項“停止向大氣中釋放大部分氯氟烴氣體”；C選項“國際社會對科學(xué)的理解”都不符合題意，D選項“工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中許多鹵化碳的減少”符合題意，因此D選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第二句“Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.（民間傳說，當1975年首次進行測量時，平流層的臭氧水平急劇下降，以至于起初科學(xué)家們認為他們的儀器出了問題。）”，由此可知科學(xué)家們更換儀器是為了測量差距過大的數(shù)據(jù)。A選項“這層相對于地球的位置”；B選項“衛(wèi)星繞地球運行”；C選項“臭氧顯著損失的原始數(shù)據(jù)”；D選項“明顯不正常的讀數(shù)”。因此D選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段的第二至四句話“CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.（氯氟烴非常穩(wěn)定，不會在雨中溶解。幾年后，平流層中的天然氣與氯氟烴結(jié)合，釋放出氯原子、哈龍和甲基溴。這些原子依次釋放出溴原子，而正是這些原子破壞了臭氧）”。A選項“地球大氣的正常組成部分”；B選項“氯原子，哈龍和甲基溴”；C選項“飛機排放”；D選項“原子氧”。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunableto（）ofthebody.

問題1選項

A.dispense

B.dispose

C.discard

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項dispense“分配，分發(fā)”；C選項discard“丟棄，拋棄”；D選項discharge“卸貨，放出”。句意：因為天亮了人們開始去上班，所以兇手無法處理尸體。此外，dispose與of為固定搭配，意思是“處置，處理”。所以只有B選項符合。

3.單選題

Otherguestsatyesterday'sopeningceremony,whichwasbroadcast（

）bytheradiostationincludedtheGovernorandtheMayor.

問題1選項

A.alive

B.live

C.lively

D.living

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。alive“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；live“直播的，活的”；lively“活潑的，生動的”；living“現(xiàn)存的，活躍的，逼真的”。句意：昨天，廣播電臺現(xiàn)場直播的開幕式上，其他來賓包括州長和市長。由broadcast可推知是現(xiàn)場直播。故B項正確。

4.單選題

（）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbeasthrivingasitis.

問題1選項

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Beitnot

C.Wereitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考査虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句是過去時，從句中吋態(tài)應(yīng)往前推，為過去完成時。本句省略了if，所以需要將助動詞had提前。所以選項A正確。

5.單選題

Amembershipcard（

）theholdertousetheclub'sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.

問題1選項

A.approves

B.authorizes

C.rectifies

D.endows

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項approve“批準；贊成；為……提供證據(jù)”；B選項authorize“批準；認可；授權(quán)給”；C選項rectify“改正；精餾”；D選項endow“賦予；捐贈；天生具有”。句意：持有會員卡的人……在12個月內(nèi)使用俱樂部的設(shè)施。有會員卡的人自然是“被授權(quán)”使用俱樂部設(shè)施，B選項正有authorizesb.to“授權(quán)某人做……”這一用法。

6.單選題

Helicobacterpyloriisoneofhumanity’soldestandclosestcompanions,andyetittookscientistsmorethanacenturytorecognizeit.Asearlyas1875,Germananatomistsfoundspiralbacteriacolonizingthemucuslayerofthehumanstomach,butbecausetheorganismscouldnotbegrowninapureculture,theresultswereignoredandthenforgotten.Itwasnotuntil1982thatAustraliandoctorsBarryJ.MarshallandJ.RobinWarrenisolatedthebacteria,allowinginvestigationsofHpylori’sroleinthestomachtobegininearnest.Overthenextdecaderesearchersdiscoveredthatpeoplecarryingtheorganismshadanincreasedriskofdevelopingpepticulcers—breaksintheliningofthestomachorduodenum—andthatHpyloricouldalsotriggertheonsetofthemostcommonformofstomachcancer.

JustasscientistswerelearningtheimportanceofHpylori,however,theydiscoveredthatthebacteriaarelosingtheirfootholdinthehumandigestivetract.Whereasnearlyalladultsinthedevelopingwouldstillcarrytheorganism,itsprevalenceismuchlowerindevelopedcountriessuchastheU.S.EpidemiologistsbelievethatHpylorihasbeendisappearingfromdevelopednationsforthepast100yearsthankstoimprovedhygiene,whichblocksthetransmissionofthebacteria,andtothewidespreaduseofantibiotics.AsHpylorihasretreated,theratesofpepticulcersandstomachcancerhavedropped.Butatthesametime,diseasesoftheesophagus—includingacidrefluxdiseaseandaparticularlydeadlytypeofesophagealcancer—haveincreaseddramatically,andawidebodyofevidenceindicatesthattheriseoftheseillnessesisalsorelatedtothedisappearanceofHpylori.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassageisto().

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyfollowthelastsentenceofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.alterpeopletotheharmofHpyloricolonizationofthestomach

B.makepeopleawareoftheharmoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomach

C.suggestthatthebenefitsoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomacharenotoutweighedbythepotentialharm.

D.callattentiontotheconsequencesoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomach.

問題2選項

A.Improvementsinsanitationareavitalelementinhelpingwardoffpepticulcers.

B.Peopleinthedevelopingcountriesarenotlikelytocontractesophagealdiseases.

C.Nowadaysfewpeopleinthedevelopedcountriessufferfromstomachcancer.

D.ScientistshavelongrecognizedHpylori’simportantroleinthestomach,butcoulddonothingabout.

問題3選項

A.Furthermore,thedisappearanceofHpylorimaybeasentinelindicatingthepossibilityofothermicrobialextinctionsaswell.

B.Thepossibilitythatthisbacteriummayactuallyprotectpeopleagainstdiseaseoftheesophagushassignificantimplications.

C.However,therehasbeenanunexpectedriseintheincidenceofanewclassofdiseasesinvolvingtheesophagus.

D.TheriseofthesediseaseshasoccurredjustasHpylorihasbeendisappearing,anditistemptingtoassociatethetwophenomena.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。題干：作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是為了______。文章第一段主要介紹了幽門螺旋桿菌的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及幽門螺旋桿菌與消化性潰瘍的關(guān)系。第二段介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)食道疾病的增加與幽門螺旋桿菌的小時有關(guān)。作者旨在喚起人們對這種細菌的認識，因此D選項符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：從文章中可以推斷出下列哪個陳述？第二段第二句中提到“Hpylorihasbeendisappearingfromdevelopednationsforthepast100yearsthankstoimprovedhygiene,whichblocksthetransmissionofthebacteria”，說明由于衛(wèi)生條件改善，幽門螺旋桿菌已從發(fā)達國家消失，因此A選項符合題意；在發(fā)達國家，幽門螺旋桿菌的攜帶率低，導(dǎo)致發(fā)達國家的食道癌患病率增加，但并沒有提到發(fā)展中國家的人是否會患食道癌，因此排除B選項；第二段中說到“theratesofpepticulcersandstomachcancerdropped”，下降不等于消失，因此排除C選項；科學(xué)家在研究幽門螺旋桿菌的重要性的同時，發(fā)現(xiàn)這種細菌逐漸喪失其在消化道中的位置，因此排除D選項。

3.推理題。題干：下面哪個選項最有可能跟在這篇文章的最后一句話后面？本文的主旨是喚起人們對幽門螺旋桿菌的關(guān)注。因此接下來作者可能會想要著重說明這種細菌的作用，它可能致病，也可能有抵御疾病作用。因此B選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Heisadeadringer（）hisfather.

問題1選項

A.to

B.for

C.with

D.after

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。Baadeadringerfor“容貌和……酷似，看上去一模一樣的人”。句意：他的容貌與他爸爸酷似。因此A選項正確。

8.翻譯題

二十四小時的全天候時間表在改變著我們的生活方式。21世紀的辦公地點無處不在。我們外出度假時會隨身攜帶無線手機或手提電腦。有些人甚至把手機帶入音樂廳或會議廳，因為在他們看來，錯過一個重要的商業(yè)信息是不可彌補的過失。二十四小時的超高速的“因特網(wǎng)時間”使我們無法靜心休息和思考。越來越多的企業(yè)行政主管開始把自己有時間睡覺作為吹牛的資本。對他們來說，地位的最大標志在于無能力按照自然的生物鐘而非網(wǎng)絡(luò)鐘來工作和休息。

【答案】Round-the-clocktimetableischangingourwayoflife.The21stcenturyofficeneverleavesus.Webringourwirelesscellphonesandnotebookcomputerswhenvacationing.Therearepeoplewhobringtheircellphonesintoconcerthallsandauditoriums.Theround-the-clockhyperspeed“Internettime”won’tgiveusquiettimeforrestingandthinking.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessexecutiveshavetakentobraggingabouthowmuchsleeptheyget.Forthem,theultimatestatussymbolisthepowertolivebynature’sclockratherthantheNet’sclock.

9.單選題

（）theheattoasimmerandcontinuetocookforanother8-10minutesoruntilmostofthewaterhasevaporated.

問題1選項

A.Turnoff

B.Turndown

C.Turnover

D.Turnup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項turnoff“關(guān)掉，關(guān)閉；拐彎，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向；使失去興趣”；B選項turndown“減小，關(guān)小，調(diào)低；拒絕”；C選項turnover“移交給；翻閱；把……翻過來；發(fā)動；營業(yè)額達到；反復(fù)考慮”；D選項turnup“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；開大；發(fā)現(xiàn)；卷起；使仰臥”。句意：把火關(guān)小燉，繼續(xù)煮8-10分鐘，或直到大部分水蒸發(fā)。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

問題1選項

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B選項durable“耐用的，持久的”；C選項persistent“執(zhí)著的，持續(xù)的”；D選項bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉爾夫知道盡管金屬盒子不那么吸引人，但會比木箱更耐用。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassicalmusiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestra—thathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbert,isagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowithmerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.

46.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas______.

47.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois_______.

48.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers______.

49.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

50.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels______.

問題1選項

A.incurredcriticism

B.raisedsuspicion

C.receivedacclaim

D.arousedcuriosity

問題2選項

A.influential

B.modest

C.respectable

D.talented

問題3選項

A.ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances

B.rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances

C.exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances

D.overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

問題4選項

A.Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

B.Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

C.Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

D.Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

問題5選項

A.doubtful

B.enthusiastic

C.confident

D.puzzled

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“我們從第1段得知吉爾伯特的任命……”。根據(jù)第一段第三行Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.（至少可以說，在大多數(shù)情況下，人們的反應(yīng)是積極的）可知，人們對Gilbert的任命得到了古典樂界的一致歡呼，因此C項“獲得好評”符合；A項“招致批評”，B項“引起懷疑”，D項“激起好奇心”均錯誤，故該題選C。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“Tommasini認為吉爾伯特作為藝術(shù)家是……”。第二段第三行提到anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim（一個樸實的音樂家，沒有那種令人敬畏的指揮家的氣質(zhì)），由此可知Tommasini認為Gilbert是一個樸實無華、低調(diào)的音樂家，故B項“謙虛的”符合題意；A項“有影響力的”，第二段第一句提到however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown（相對而言，吉爾伯特鮮為人知），Gilbert鮮為人知又怎么會有影響力，所以該項錯誤；C項“受人尊敬的”和D項“有天賦的”文章未提及，故該題選B正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者相信忠實的音樂觀眾是……”。第四段提到Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.（忠實的音樂會觀眾回答說，錄音不能代替現(xiàn)場表演，他們錯過了這一點），由此可知，作者認為忠實的音樂會參會者們對現(xiàn)場音樂表演有著過高的評價。故D項“高估現(xiàn)場表演的價值”符合題意；A項“忽略現(xiàn)場表演的費用”不是作者想表達的意思；B項“拒絕大多數(shù)錄制的表演”，文中只是提到了相比錄音，忠實的音樂會觀眾會更傾向于現(xiàn)場表演，沒有提到他們拒絕大多數(shù)錄制的表演，有點過度解讀了；C項“夸大了現(xiàn)場表演的多樣性”沒有提到；故該題選D。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章，關(guān)于錄音下列哪項是正確的?”。第四段倒數(shù)第二句提到Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances（他們的唱片很便宜，到處都能買到，而且往往比今天的現(xiàn)場表演的藝術(shù)質(zhì)量要高得多），由此可推知，因為唱片便宜且質(zhì)量比現(xiàn)場表演要高，大眾更容易接受，因此A項“它們的質(zhì)量往往不如現(xiàn)場音樂會”排除，B項“它們很容易為公眾所接受”符合題意；C項“它們有助于提高音樂的質(zhì)量”，文中沒有提到有助于提高音樂質(zhì)量，只是說比現(xiàn)場表演質(zhì)量高得多，這是偷換概念，因此該項錯誤；D項“它們只包括大師作品”未提及；故該題選B。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者態(tài)度題。題干的意思是“對于吉爾伯特在振興Philharmonic樂團中所扮演的角色，作者覺得……”。根據(jù)文章最后兩句Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.（但這種差異的本質(zhì)是什么呢？僅僅擴大樂團的演奏曲目是不夠的。如果吉爾伯特和Philharmonic樂團要想成功，他們必須首先改變美國最古老的管弦樂團和它現(xiàn)在希望吸引的觀眾之間的關(guān)系）可知，雖然Gilbert很有才華和能力，但是要想復(fù)興交響樂團這是不夠的，還需要改變古典交響樂和當下聽眾的關(guān)系，表明作者對Gilbert是持懷疑的態(tài)度，因此A項“懷疑的”符合題意；B項“熱情的”，C項“自信的”和D項“迷惑的”均不符合，故該題選A。

12.單選題

Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy，emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.

Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.

Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingboththesetraditionallydistinguishedemotions.

1.Envyisthedrivingforceofmoderneconomicdevelopmentbecause（）.

2.Whatistheessenceofenvythatkeepseconomygoing?

3.Whatistheillusionadvertisementbringstoitsconsumers?

4.TaketheItalianperfume“Envy”foranexample,theword“envy”（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisbadenvy?

6.AccordingtoKant,thecommonnessbetweenenvyandemulationis（）.

問題1選項

A.itgivesrisetomodernconsumerism

B.iturgespeopletopossessmoreandbettergoods

C.itistheprerequisiteofhighproductivity

D.thepassionofithelpsproducemoregoods

問題2選項

A.Thepursuitofvanity.

B.Thewishoftheprosperityofproducts.

C.Thecreativityofadvertisements.

D.Thefulfillmentofambition.

問題3選項

A.Onlythoseadvertisedgoodsaretrustworthy.

B.Togetwhathasbeenadvertisedistogainhappiness.

C.Tohaveafeelingthatonehasbecomethebestintheworld.

/r/